Importance of Mushrooms - Types of Edible Mushrooms - Cultivation of Oyster Mushrooms.

1. Mushroom
Technology

2. FungiFungi
The ‘Fungi’ (sing. - Fungus) are Thallophytes,
which do not possess chlorophyll (achlorophyllus), even
in those members, which are generally green colored.
Fungi are incapable of photosynthesis. They live on
organic matter or food already prepared. Many fungi are
parasitic on plants, while some others parasitize animals,
birds etc., and derive their requirements of food from
these hosts. Many other fungi are saprophytic in nature
and live on organic matter alone.

3.  Mushrooms can be defined as fleshy,Mushrooms can be defined as fleshy,
macroscopic fruiting bodies of certain fungi belongingmacroscopic fruiting bodies of certain fungi belonging
to Phylum - Basidiomycota and Ascomycotato Phylum - Basidiomycota and Ascomycota
What are mushrooms?

4. Macroscopic fruiting bodies –
Aggregations of millions of hyphae

5. Radial growth of mycelium – Fairy rings

6. Mushrooms belonging to Phylum BasidiomycotaMushrooms belonging to Phylum Basidiomycota
Flammulina velutipesAgaricus blazei
Pleurotus sp. Gastrum sp.

7. Mushrooms belonging to Phylum- AscomycotaMushrooms belonging to Phylum- Ascomycota
Tuber melanosporum
Morchella esculenta

8. Reishi / Royal gano/ : Ganoderma lucidum

9. Boletus edulis

10. MUSHROOM VARIETIESMUSHROOM VARIETIES
 18,000 fleshy fungal species are in the world18,000 fleshy fungal species are in the world
 2,000 species belong to 30 genera are edible;2,000 species belong to 30 genera are edible;
283 species are available in India283 species are available in India
 80 species are grown experimentally80 species are grown experimentally
 40 species are cultivated
economically
 20 species are
commercially exploited
 4 species are grown on
industrial scale

11. Moisture 89.6
Protein 3.2
carbohydrate 4.2
Fat 0.3
Fibre 1.0
Ash 1.0
Vitamins &
minerals
0.7
Composition of Mushroom(%)Composition of Mushroom(%)

12. Protein content (%) – A comparisonProtein content (%) – A comparison
 Mushroom 3.2
 Peas 2.6
 Cabbage 1.5
 Carrot 1.1
 Cauliflower 2.7
 Potato 2.1
 Apple 0.3
 Banana 1.1

14. IMPORTANT EDIBILE MUSHROOMS
Button Mushroom -
Agaricus sp.
Paddy straw Mushroom –
Volvariella volvaceae
Oyster Mushroom -
Pleurotus sp.

15. Button Mushroom -Agaricus sp.
European/temperate mushroomEuropean/temperate mushroom

16. Paddy straw mushroom -Paddy straw mushroom -Volvariella volvaceaeVolvariella volvaceae
Chinese/Tropical mushroomChinese/Tropical mushroom

17. Oyster Mushroom -Oyster Mushroom -PleurotusPleurotus sp.sp.

18. Milky Mushroom - Calocybe indica

19. 30-35130 – 160100 – 12015 – 20Productivity
(%)
CompostPaddy strawPaddy strawPaddy strawRaw material
+++++++++++Light
80 – 9085 – 9585 – 9080 – 90R.H. (%)
15 - 2525 – 3025 – 2830– 35Temp. (o
C)
90 - 12045 – 5045 – 5025 - 30Duration
(Days)
Button
mushroom
Milky
mushroom
Oyster
mushroom
Straw
mushroom

20. Economical importanceEconomical importance
 Degrading of agricultural wastes.Degrading of agricultural wastes.
 Profitable agro enterpriseProfitable agro enterprise
 Less investment ; More profit/ unit areaLess investment ; More profit/ unit area
 Quickest returnsQuickest returns
 Component of Integrated Farming SystemComponent of Integrated Farming System
 It requires minimum land and waterIt requires minimum land and water
 Part time / Full time profession-Part time / Full time profession-
 Highly suitable for womenHighly suitable for women
 Export orientedExport oriented
 Mushroom spent used as Cattle Feed, Organic Manure etc.Mushroom spent used as Cattle Feed, Organic Manure etc.

21. Mushroom Cultivation techniques
Maintaining a mushroom shed
Mushroom spawn preparation
Paddy straw preparation
Polythene bags preparation
Mushroom bed preparation

22. VIEW OF OYSTER MUSHROOM SHED

23. Highly suitable farm wastes
Paddy and Wheat straw (Productivity 80 – 150 per
cent)
Moderately suitable farm wastes
Sugarcane beggasse, maize earhead, waste cotton
bolls, Oilpalm fruit waste (Productivity 50 – 80
per cent)
Suitable farm waste
Cotton stalk, Sorghum stalk and Sugarcane trashes
((Productivity 40 – 50 per cent)
Suitable substrates

24. Paddy Straw preparation
Fresh Paddy Straw is taken
Soak in clean water for 6-8 hours
After draining the water, boil the paddy straw for 30
minutes
Dry in shade till it attains 60-65 % moisture
content

25. Boiling of paddy straw

26. Drying of Paddy straw

27. Mushroom spawn
 One bottle (300 gm) spawn is taken on
clean plastic plate
 This spawn is divided into 10 equal
parts
 Sufficient for preparation of two
mushroom beds

28. Mushroom spawn bottles

29. Ill filled paddy grain spawn

30. Polythene bags preparation
 80 – 100 gauge thickness polythene
bags
 60 cm length and 30 cm width
 Bottom portion of poly bags tied with
twine thread and turned inside out

31. Preparation of mushroom beds
 A layer of coiled paddy straw is placed at the
bottom of polythene bags to a height of
10 cm (1st
layer)
 20 to 30 gm mushroom spawn is spread
over the straw
 Another layer of coiled paddy straw is placed
over the first layer (2nd
layer)
 Repeat the above process upto fifth layer
 Top portion of the poly bags are tied and 10 to
12 small holes are punched along the sides

32. Mushroom beds

33. Spawn run roomSpawn run room
In Bamboo rackIn Bamboo rack

34. Spawn run stage

35. Hanging method
Cropping roomCropping room

36. Mushrooms for harvest

37. Preserved mushroom

38. MUSHROOM RECIPES
Mushroom Rice Mushroom Soup

39. Mushroom soup

40. Dried mushroom

41. ThankThank
YouYou
ThankThank