The document provides demographic and urban planning information about Kuala Lumpur and Stockholm. It notes that Kuala Lumpur has a population of over 1.76 million people and high population density, with rapid growth projected to 2.2 million by 2020. The city developed outward from its central business district. Stockholm has a population of over 1.6 million that is growing rapidly at 11% by 2020, and is considered an urban planning model for its walkability, public transit, and green spaces comprising 42% of the city. Major issues in Kuala Lumpur include traffic jams, flooding, and river and solid waste pollution. Stockholm addresses waste and water management through advanced treatment plants, recycling, and

1. KUALA LUMPURSustainable living
Tan Xu Zheng 033472
Darren Tong Wen Han 032802
Darryl Tay Chyi Yean 032927
Chong Tze Syuen 033485
Rachel Wong Li Yen 033040

2. P1 KUALA LUMPUR INTRODUCTION
● Malay/Bumiputera: 45.9%
● Chinese: 43.2%
● Indians: 10.3%
● Other: 1.6%
● Kuala Lumpur ranks as the 49th largest
urban area in the world
● Kuala Lumpur ranks 56th in population
density,
● Kuala Lumpur has a very high
population density of 17,310 people
per square mile or 6,890 per square
kilometer
Kuala Lumpur can be separated into six major districts, with five districts
surrounding the city centre.
Kuala Lumpur is the national capital and largest city in
Malaysia.
-cultural, financial and economic centre of Malaysia.

3. P1 KUALA LUMPUR-Zoning
Kuala Lumpur- “Mixed used zoning”
A type of zoning that blends in residential commercial,
cultural, institutional, or entertainment uses into one
space
those functions are to some degree physically and
functionally integrated, and that provides pedestrian
connections.
In Kuala Lumpur, residential-commercial and
institutional units are mixed, where in the city
centre, typically commercial-mixed use units are
found together.
KL structure plan
Building structure plan at Bukit Bintang
Neighborhood commercial
Urban residential/commercial –
multi-story residential buildings with
commercial and civic uses on ground
floor
Office convenience – office buildings
with small retail and service uses
oriented to the office workers
Office/residential – multi-family
residential units within office
building(s)
Hotel/residence – mix hotel space
and high-end multi-family residential
Types of mixed-use zoning in Kuala Lumpur

4. P1 Issue-Traffic jam in KLP1 KUALA LUMPUR-City Centre urban design
KL City Centre- “ Street car
suburb”
Streetcar suburbs are neighborhoods
designed for residents to commute into the
city via cars.
-These neighbourhoods are sparser than
neighbourhoods designed for pedestrians to
traverse, but they are dense enough to keep
buildings and shops within walking distance.
Walkway and streets between buildings
-Locals will rarely travel by foot within KL
city centre due to the sparse distances
between locations and hot weather in KL.
-due to the urban
design of street car
suburbs, people avoid
walking to their
destinations.
-Hence, Kl has a
serious issue of traffic
jam most of the time
especially during peak
hours.
Even though
there are a lot
of choices for
transportation
in KL, there is
connectivity
issues.
For example,
people have to
transit from
KTM komuter
to LRT at KL
sentral and
walk to a bus
stop to go from
Sungai buloh to
KL

5. Main Issues in Kuala Lumpur
4)PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT /
SOCIAL
NOISE LEVEL / HIGH
TRAFFIC
Based on the Malaysia Environment Quality
Report 2000, noise monitoring
concentrated mainly on assessing the
impact of noise exposure to sensitive noise
receivers at premises such as schools and
hospitals in Kuala Lumpur were found to
be between 57.8 decibels to 71.8 decibels
during day time (7 am to 10 pm) which
exceeded the limit of 55 decibels
recommended by the World Health
Organisation (WHO).
The main source of noise is vehicular
traffic while other noise sources, such as
those from industrial machinery and the
LRT, affect localised areas.
• High noise levels in many parts of the
City.
3)PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
FLOOD PRONE AREAS
Flooding has been a regular occurrence in
Kuala Lumpur whenever there is a heavy
downpour, especially in the City Centre and
downstream areas . These frequent flash
floods disrupt the City’s functioning,
damage property and threaten human lives
Flooding has been a regular occurrence in
Kuala Lumpur whenever there is a heavy
downpour, especially in the City Centre...
The development of structures within the
river reserves has further reduced the flow
capacity of the City’s rivers thus, increasing
the likelihood of flooding.
Obstruction of storm water flow by
structures in river reserves.
2)PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
RIVER WATER QUALITY
Two of the three primary rivers in Kuala
Lumpur, namely Sungai Klang and Sungai
Gombak, flow through the heart of the City.
All three rivers originate from the highland
areas in the northern part of Kuala Lumpur
and have massive suspended solid loading as
is evident from their muddy colour.
A major contribution to the situation is the
discharge of silt from construction sites.
Debris in the rivers is also a serious problem
caused principally by the indiscriminate
dumping of solid waste from squatter
settlements along the riverbanks. The direct
discharge of domestic wastewater into the
rivers still occurs in some areas, further
adding to the rivers’ pollution problems.
Three major rivers
flowing through the heart
of the city.
1)PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT /
SOCIAL
EXCESS WASTE
Currently, over 23,000 tonnes of waste is
produced each day in Malaysia. However,
this amount is expected to rise to 30,000
tonnes by the year 2020.
The amount of waste generated continues
to increase due to the increasing
population and development, and only less
than 5% of the waste is being recycled.
Malaysians generate 38,000 tonnes of
waste per day. Of this, around 15,000
tonnes is food waste. Of this, 8000 tonnes –
or about 60% – is avoidable food waste.

6. STOCKHOLM
Green thinking is evident in every
part of the Stockholm
Leading the way in sustainability
Actual sustainability can only result from a much more holistic approach
where every aspect of environmental, economic and social impact is part of
the equation.
KUALA LUMPUR
Malaysia is a rich country of natural
diversity
Can generate economy through environmental care
Wealthy of environmental resources and unique landscape
Undertake a exponential development after independence
however there is effort to preserve the environment from
eradication.

7. P2 KUALA LUMPUR POPULATION 2019
1,760,000 people
Population Density of Kuala Lumpur
The population density in Malaysia is 6,890 per Km2
(256 people
per mi2
). The median age in Malaysia is 28.1 years.
P2 STOCKHOLM POPULATION 2019
1,608,037 people
Population Density of Stockholm
The population of Stockholm is estimated at 910,000 in 2016 with a
population density of 4,800 people per square kilometer, or 13,000
per square mile.

8. P2 KL’S RAPID POPULATION GROWTH
-Kuala Lumpur is an aging city as birth rates have fallen in the last
decade or two.
This has led to a lower percentage of young people under 15, a
group that has dropped from 33% in 1980 to under 27% in 2000. The
working age group between 15 and 59 has increased from 63% in
1980 to 67% in 2000 as more people move to the city for
opportunities.
-By 2020, Kuala Lumpur is projected to have a population of 2.2
million.
P2 STOCKHOLM RAPID POPULATION GROWTH
Sweden's capital is swelling more rapidly than any other city in Europe,
with its population expected to expand by 11 percent by 2020.
Stockholm has topped a list of Europe's fastest growing places, with
the city's population expected to top one million in the next five years,
rising from 911,989 to 1,012,488 by 2020, an increase of 11 percent.

9. P2 STOCKHOLM URBAN DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS
Urban Planning Model City
The Stockholm of today is an urban planner's dream city for its many
town planning superlatives, including its walkability and clean air,
water clean enough that people can fish and dive in the city center, an
efficient, rail-based public transit system.
P2 KL’S URBAN DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS
Urban Planning Model City
It started in the 'Sentral’ which is in the middle of Kuala Lumpur
After the development of high-rise buildings, businesses,
entertainment centres, restaurants and apartments in the
Sentral; other developments were rising and spreading outwards
from the Sentral. It acts a focus point and a tourist destination
for Kuala Lumpur. Thus it is considered that it had ‘spread’
outwards.

10. P2 STOCKHOLM’S OPEN SPACES
Stockholmers go about their daily lives on the streets, squares and public
transport.
With 42% green spaces. Destinations such as parks and playgrounds enable
social contact between local residents, and also contribute to mobility
within the city.
Public spaces are vital in developing urban living throughout the city.
To improve social
integration, it’s
important to
develop inspiring
shared locations,
where people
from different
backgrounds can
see and
encounter each
other.
P2 KUALA LUMPUR’S OPEN SPACES
Malaysians go about their daily lives on the streets, squares and public
transport.
Green spaces
in Kuala
Lumpur are
segregated.
Despite the rapid urbanisation of KL city and dominated by the urban
area, there are still 30.7 % of green areas covered, which has become
the second largest area after urban, including three forest reserves
and nine main recreational parks.

11. ISSUE: WATER POLLUTION IN KUALA LUMPUR
● Water pollution is arguably the most fundamental environment issue in Malaysia.
● Rivers contaminated by sewage contain high levels of pollutants such as gasoline,
pesticides and etcetera that may cause mass die-offs and loss of reproductive
ability of fish and other aquatic organisms.
● Sewage pollution also causes outbreaks of waterborne diseases such as
cholera, typhoid and hepatitis A that are detrimental to human.
Composition of water pollutants in Malaysia
Rivercontaminated by
sewage containing high
percentages of
pollutants
50% 25% 12%
8% 5%
Domestic
sewage
Erosion Phosphates
in
detergents
Pesticides Leaded
Gasoline
Pollution causes
Cholera
Typhoid
Hepatitis A

12. Stockholm Vatten (Stockholm’s water company)
● Upgrading its massive Henriksdal plant that treats two thirds of the capital’s wastewater.
● The plant consists of undulating membranes that emulate seaweed designed by GE, efficiently filter
out everything from gasoline, to bleach and human waste.
● When finished, the plant will become the world’s largest water treatment facility with such
“membrane bioreactors” (MBRs), capable of processing almost 280 million gallons of dirty water per
day. The plant will release the clean water back into the Baltic Sea.
Cassette with seaweed like membranes
Henriksdal Plant:
Treat ⅔ of
capital’s wastewater
Emulate seaweed
MBfR :
Removes
contaminants
using microorganisms
Combines
biofilm and H2 gas
Eliminates
need for organic C
Less sludge yield
SOLUTION: STOCKHOLM’S HENRIKSDAL PLANT

13. APPLICATION 1. Tunneling a sewage treatment
plant with MBfR technology
installed underground.
2. Footprint of the plant can be
minimised by building it at
several levels in the rock.
3. By placing the plant
underground, the impact of
noise and odour is minimised.
4. Activities at the plant have very
little impact on the
surroundings.
5. The main purpose of the plant is
to reduce eutrophication and
oxygen deficiency.
Obstacles:
Lack of funds from government
Lack of underground caverns for building
the plant
Sewage treatment plant with MBsR technology is popular and
widely used in Stockholm. Imitating Stockholm to build a
underground sewage treatment plant using MBsR technology in
Malaysia can help to solve water pollution effectively because
the MBsR system can filter out all the pollutants, returning two
thirds of the water back to the environment.

14. ISSUE: Waste management in Kuala Lumpur
In 2018, Malaysians generated 38, 142 tonnes of waste per day, an increase from 19, 000 tonnes of waste a
day in 2005, enough to fill the KLCC Twin Towers every seven days. Most waste are transported to the
landfills.
- 45% of the waste collected was food waste, 24% are plastic waste,18% glass, 7% paper and 6% metal.
- Academics and environmentalists had stated that food waste dumped in landfills is the main
contributor of methane which is a greenhouse gas and a major contributor to climate change.Without
a good lining at the landfills, toxic leaches from food waste can contaminate groundwater and rivers.
- As KL-ites generate 3,500 tonnes of domestic and industrial waste a day and with an average
Malaysian household generating about 1.3kg of organic waste per day which where then sent to the
landfill in Taman Beringin.
38, 142
Tonnes
Waste per day in Malaysia
45%
Food waste
24%
Plastic
18%
Glass
7% 6%
Paper Metal
3,500 Tonnes
Domestic & Industrial waste per day by
residents in Kuala Lumpur
1.3kg
Organic waste per day
Waste composition generated by day in Peninsular Malaysia
Others
Glass
Metal
Paper
Plastics
Organic
(food)

15. SOLUTION: Waste management in Stockholm
In 2013, 13% of the produced food waste from households, restaurants and shops in Stockholm was taken care of
and sent to a biogas facility.
- The food waste is turned into biofertilizer and biogas at facilities through digestion. Biogas is made out
of methane and carbon dioxide.
- Biogas can be used as heating or electricity production.While bio-fertilizer, which is a rest product of the
digestion process, has a high content of nutrients and beneficial for agricultural use.
Digestion - decomposition of organic matter into biogas under an anaerobic conditions. Biological decomposition
of organic matter is composted into carbon dioxide and water by oxygen. When the waste breaks down, an
energy is released in the form of heat.
- As for the other waste, the furnaces in WTE (waste-to-energy) plants are filled with garbage, and then
burnt to create steam which is used to spin turbines to produce electricity.
- 49% of household waste is recycled, and roughly 50% of garbage is incinerated in these power plants
within Sweden.
4,700,000
Tonnes
Waste per day in Sweden
31%
Food waste
7%
Plastic
8%
Glass
29%
Paper
3%
Metal
22%
Other
49%
Waste Recycled
50%
Waste Incinerated at WTE
(waste-to-energy) plants

16. APPLICATION
Increase Recycling
Recycling plays a part of Swedish culture. Recyclable materials and food scraps are regularly sort out from
other waste by the residences in their homes before disposal.
- Makes the recycling process faster and reduces the effort needed to sort large quantities of waste at
larger recycling centers. The Swedish government had also created a legislation stating that recycling
centers must be within 1,000 feet of any residential area.
Kitchen food waste processor system
Could install kitchen food waste processors which have a collecting technique that comes from the grinder to a
local tank in the basement of the building.
- The decomposed food waste is then transported to the biogas facility without having to be pre-treated.
They are in need to be vacuumed from the tank and transported to the waste treatment facility.
- The collection of food waste will happen in the households and will turn into biofuel from digester gas.
Recycling
Process
Faster and reduces effort to sort
1,000 Feet
Of any residential for
recycling centres
Decomposed
food waste
Turn into biofuel from digester gas

17. SOLUTION : Stockholm Green Roofing
● Green roofs serve several purposes for a
building.
● Such as absorbing rainwater,
● Providing insulation,
● Creating a habitat for wildlife,
● Increasing benevolence
● And decreasing stress of the people.
34%
Reduces heat loss
84%
Lower heat gain
Reflecting heat away from
the roof, mitigating the
“heat island” effect
Acting as a barrier to
protect the building
from heat.
Serving as an energy
producing mechanism,
through PV panels.
1
2
3
Ecosystem
Services of
Urban Green
Infrastructure.

18. SOLUTION : Stockholm Dispersal Zone System (Green Belts)
All water is led through special drains to plantations
with biochar-amended soil.
The Green Space Index requirements for property
developers are also innovative because they generate
multifunctional green spaces on development sites.

19. APPLICATION
Obstacles :
Lack of incentives from the
government
Increase in maintenance cost
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
Protects the roof from UV radiation
and storms.
Stable surface temperature.
It creates a natural insulation.
Prevents sewer overflows.
Advantages of a Green
Roof/Green Belts

20. SOLUTION : Stockholms Urban Mobility Strategy The capacity of the city’s road
The left diagram illustrates how space is
currently utilised in Stockholm’s roads
and streets
The right illustrates how people are
transported via the city’s roads and
streets. This is an illustration that
simplifies an extremely complex picture.
Cycle Lanes
Bus Lanes
More people need to choose to walk,
cycle and use public transport.
15,000,000
square metres of street
reserve.
The City of Stockholm
contains about:
⅓ as pavements
and squares dedicated
to pedestrians
⅔ as carriageways for
vehicular traffic in the
form of bicycles, buses,
trams.
The majority of main
thoroughfares in Stockholm are
between 20 and 30 metres wide.

21. While in many contexts, the car has a crucial function, efficient car travel in a major city requires people to make the
majority of journeys by other modes of transport.
APPLICATION: A city with cars – not a city for cars
Coherence
Continuity
Equilibrium
Safety
Comfort
Accessibility
Efficiency
Attractiveness
Use of foliage to reduce negative noise and it acts as a buffer for sound pollutions caused.
1.Sidewalk and street should link
points of interest and activity,
provide clean lines of sight and
travel
2.Design and usage that unifies
the pedestrian system.
3.Balance among transportation
modes
4.Encourages pedestrian
protection
5. Provide for a variety of uses
and activities
6. Utilize the pedestrian
environment as fully as possible
7. Simplicity and
cost-effectiveness
8. Clean, efficient and
well-maintained surroundings

22. Malaysia’s power generation mix has always been highly reliant on fossil fuels, mainly from natural
gases and coal which produces an intense amount of carbon dioxide, which is expected to grow from
48% in 2015 to 66% by 2023.
Malaysians response:
- KL aiming to reduce 20% carbon emissions by 2022.
- Kuala Lumpur City Hall (DBKL) has undertaken a study on low-carbon footprint in an effort to
create more green spaces and linkages in Kuala Lumpur.
ISSUE : Excessive Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Golden Triangle
Sources of C02 emissions in Malaysia 2017
Malaysia energy consumption in 2014
48%
Growth of CO2 in 2015
66%Expected growth of CO2 by
2020
20%Reduce carbon emissions by
2020

23. SOLUTION : Alternative energy sources
For Kuala Lumpur to bring down it’s high carbon dioxide emission they have to stop relying on fossil fuels
as it is very high in carbon dioxide emissions and at the same time it is a non renewable energy.
Sweden has a rich supply of moving water and biomass, therefore it contributes to the country's high
share of renewable energy. Hydropower (water) and bioenergy are the top renewable sources in Sweden
Hydropower is mostly used for electricity production and bioenergy for heating.
Solution: Malaysia is rich with natural resources, it has plenty of water and receives high rain volume per
year which can be used to generate power. Hence, the use of hydropower becomes relevant in this
country. It is also the least costly way of storing large amounts of electricity.
Sweden’s energy consumption in 2015
62.6 million
tonnes
of carbon dioxide in 2017
SWEDEN
MALAYSIA
242.8 million
tonnes
of carbon dioxide than Sweden
MALAYSIA
180.2 million
tonnes
of carbon dioxide in 2017

24. APPLICATION: Hydropower energy to Kuala Lumpur
- Build a hydropower plant at Klang Gates Dam.
- Hydropower generator would use transmission lines to conduct electricity from the hydropower
plants to houses and businesses.
- Due to high rain volume per year in Kuala Lumpur it would be easy to collect water in the Klang
Gates Dam which would mean ample of supply of water for the the hydropower plant to
generate.
Hydropower
plant
at Klang Gates Dam
Generator
uses transmission lines
Conduct
electricity
to houses and businesses.
High rain volume = ample supply of
water for hydropower

25. CONCLUSION- Kuala Lumpur a sustainable city by 2026
Kuala Lumpur is expected to be
world-class sustainable city by
2026, says the Malaysian Institute
of Planners (MIP).
We are about 30% away and we
are targeting for Kuala Lumpur
to be a sustainable city within
seven years,”
“To be a sustainable city , we
must look beyond the ‘green
factors’ like recycling , air
pollution and natural catastrophe
risks. We need to examine income
inequality, housing and living
costs, reliability of public
transportation among others,”
UN’s sustainable development goals

26. REFERENCES
Waste management
https://prezi.com/qxvovdd4xkpr/solid-waste-management-in-malaysia/
https://www.naturvardsverket.se/Documents/publikationer/620-1249-5.pdf
https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-tech/energy-production/sweden-is-great-at-turning-trash-to-energy.htm
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/21/climate/sweden-garbage-used-for-fuel.html
Green roof/drainage
https://www.urbangreenbluegrids.com/measures/green-roofs/
https://vaxer.stockholm/globalassets/omraden/-stadsutvecklingsomraden/ostermalm-norra-djurgardsstaden/royal-seaport/media/sustainability_report_2017_uppslag_eng_juni_2018.pdf
Urban Mobility Strategy
https://international.stockholm.se/globalassets/ovriga-bilder-och-filer/urban-mobility-strategy.pdf
https://www.arch2o.com/walkable-cities-versus-unwalkable/
Carbon Emissions
https://ycharts.com/indicators/malaysia_carbon_dioxide_emissions
http://dspace.unimap.edu.my/dspace/bitstream/123456789/13823/1/The%20Future%20of%20Hydropower%20in%20Malaysia.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316428148_Energy_Economic_and_Environmental_Impact_of_Hydropower_in_Malaysia
Water pollution
http://swedenunderground.com/treatment-plant/henriksdal-wastewater-treatment-plant/
https://www.ge.com/reports/post/117695211890/deep-under-stockholm-water-plant-blasted-from/
http://www.wtc2020.my/4/638/tunnelling-in-malaysia/