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1. Art of Body Language: A Case on Student-teacher Relationship
Sunandini Bose
ABSTRACT
Verbal communication is a very easy to read, listen and understanding way of interaction.
Because of it being so easy, it is even easier to keep secrets and lie to someone. Thus knowing
the art of reading body language provides a more reliable means to know a person’s feelings
that is left unsaid. The importance of body language is focused upon and a case-based approach
is adopted. For this purpose, a case of students and teachers of Symbiosis school of Economics
are taken. This research consequently proves the importance of body language of the teachers
that affect the performance and interest of the students. Thus, the study contributes to developing
the knowledge and art of reading and learning body language.
INTRODUCTION
Sometimes people know what they are doing, sometimes it is a disguise and sometimes it is just
out of habit. No matter what the case is, people only interpret what they hear and see, even if it
does not resemble the truth. People communicate with other people either verbally or non-
verbally. The verbal communication of humans is completely controlled by them and hence
telling a lie becomes very easy. What people don’t know is that body language has its own story
to convey. This is the unidentified component that is to be mastered. Using gestures with
language increases the ability to convey two dimensional shapes to others (Campbell & Rushton,
1978; Argyle, 1988).
The true nature of human being is highly volatile and very unpredictable. Thus even a slight
scope of knowing human keeps someone a notch ahead of others. This can be achieved by
learning the art of body language. Body language is the expressions and feelings of human which
is not explicitly spoken but can be seen. This behavior includes postures, facial movement and
expression, touch; gestures and the use of personal space (Saiwal, 2015).There are two types of
body languages: conscious and unconscious. Conscious body language is something
intentionally done by a person to enhance the verbal context of the person. Unconscious body
language is what the real catch is. The truth can be revealed by decoding the unconscious body
language (Argyle, 2007).
Every small movement or posture creates a vibe around the person. This vibe is not only felt by
the person in action but everyone around him. There are situations when the mouth speaks
something and the body tells a completely different story. It is very important to know how to
use body language to one’s advantage. To learn this, people need to learn the art of reading
other’s body language. If a speaker’s verbosity is boring the audience. The speaker won’t change
his style if he is unaware of the boredom caused by him. This could help a person in almost
every step in life. Be it, in an interview to know if the interviewer is impressed or in a party to
know if the friend is interested in the conversation. On the other hand, once people start seeing
these small details then the task of improvement comes into picture.
To study a body language, it is very important to know that an action of a single body part never
gives a big picture. In studies conducted by Adams & Biddle, (1970) & Pease, (2004), it has
been found that individual movements of body cannot interpret anything; one should see this as a
cluster rather than one movement. The main question that comes in mind, how would someone

2. check other’s body language, trying to concentrate in the conversation and also look over his
own movement? Human brain is much undervalued. If this brain is trained properly then it can
achieve almost everything. It is all about the integration of all small movements and coming to a
conclusion and henceforth taking an action (Pease & Pease, 2004).
In books written by Martin & Meyers in 2016, talks about body language as a means of
manipulation, although in the book written by Pease & Pease in 2004, talks about body
language like changing clothes. Being proficient in reading others and using it is just a way
of making a good impression on others. Adopting this view point the art of body language is
just used to have an edge over others and how this could improve the efficiency and
confidence of human being.
This research paper talks about three different sides of body language. First side, talks about the
way people see one’s body language. Even if the interpretation is wrong, body language still has
the power to present the story with verisimilitude. Second side talks about the effects of body
language on one’s own mind. And the third side talks about the art of disguise: how to improve
one’s non-verbal communication to seem positive as well as feel positive.
The single case used to extensively depict the affects of teacher’s body language over the
students. A class of student’s behavior is observed and compared with the body language of the
teacher’s with every student in the class. This research introduces many new theories and
concept of body language taking into account hand movements, facial smiles, arms and finger
movements, power of touch, occupational and culture differences, deceit signals, personal space
and territories, leg position and other daily common gestures.
THEORITICAL BACKGROUND
People’s constant habit of concealing the truth with so many layers of white is what makes
learning the art of reading body language a priceless asset. Things are not how they seem,
matching what people see with what they hear is the key to the door of truth (Pease, 2004;
Argyle, Bodily Communication, 2007). Sixty- percent of the message is received by eyes, thirty
percent is received by the ear and the remaining ten percent is the actual verbal message
(Ozuorcun, 2013). This study mainly focuses on the non-verbal communication of human being
because it takes the major chunk of comprehension of a message. The non-verbal communication
is divided into four types: Proxemics, Kinesics, Paralanguage and Chronemics (Lunenburg,
2010; Moore, Mark Hickson, & Stacks, 2010).
The use of space, seating arrangement and closeness of a human and also the way they deduce it
is known as Proxemics (Hall, 1983; Pease, 2004). The study of body movements like gestures,
facial expressions, posture, movement of limbs, touching and eye movements is known as
Kinetics (Lunenburg, 2010; Bowden, 2011; Furnham, 2011; Walters, 2011). Paralanguage
constitutes of voive modulations, volume, tempo, yawning, laughing,etc (Young, 2008; Jacobi,
2009; Lunenburg, 2010). The usage of time is explained by chronemics. Relationship between
time and status and keeping others waiting (Moore, Mark Hickson, & Stacks, 2010).
There are many other factors that affect body language communications like, age, gender and
culture (Sharifiabad & S.Vali, 2011; Ozuorcun, 2013). Different culture people have different

3. styles of talk, personal space, facial expressions, etc. Like Italians feel comfortable at a distance
of 25centimeters from a stranger whereas Australians need a personal space of 46 centimeters
(Pease & Pease, 2004). Italians are completely unaware of the uneasiness felt by Australians due
to invasion of their personal space. Figa is a hand gesture which is given as gift in Brazil. This
gesture represents good luck in Brazil whereas it is used as a slang in many cultures. So not an
ideal gift for every culture (Novinger, 2001; Pease & Pease, 2004; Ozuorcun, 2013) This is a
small example of one of the components of body language communication. Similarly there are
numerous more aspects to every component.
All these can be clubbed into three parts. First, the way people see body language of other people
and interpret them. Second, how body language affects the human mind. Third, improving body
language to present oneself with more confidence and courage. Some of the basic Kinetics
incorporated by every human is the movement of arms, palm, finger, legs, eyes and smile. Every
movement has an interpretation which is perceived by the person who is observing (Pease &
Pease, 2004). People tend to close there arms in a ‘Self hugging’ manner. This is a sign of
protection from the outside world. This sign gives a negative, closed, orthodox and depressed
signals to the surrounding people. Closed palm is a sign of stress, underconfident and submissive
with a secretive attitude. Nobody likes a person who cannot stand for themselves and is finding
the first opportunity to run from pressure and hardwork (Pease & Pease, 2004; Saiwal, 2015).
Downward palms are sign of dominance which is not favourable for a friendly conversation.
Crossed legs are sign of shy and reserved attitude with something to hide. Pointing toes or knees
to other direction of the conversation is a sign of disinterest and can be unconsciously felt by the
other person. People would never talk to a person who looks uncomfortable in the conversation.
This is not how one makes friends or contacts. Somethings are felt no matter how many lies are
delivered during the process. A true smile can be easily detected by the stretchness of eyes. Eye
movement and dilation of pupils states the level of interest of a person (Pease & Pease, 2004)
Which eye attracts one more?
Figure 1: Pupil Dilation
Source: (Vey, 2014)
Dilated eye shows the interest of a person in the conversation. Light colored eyes are preferred
over dark colored because the dilation is clearer in light colored eyes. People are unconsciously
attracted to a person when they see that he or she is interested in them.
Paralanguage of a person involves all the sounds made by a person. Voice modulation is one of
the most important aspects in a speech, presentation, interview or any kind of verbal
communication. It is not just what one speaks, but also how it is spoken. Chronemics checks the
punctuality, discipline and the importance of time in a person’s life. A meeting will never
accomplish its target if people are not responsible enough to show up.

4. Proxemics is the space bubble of a person which has different zones depending upon the level of
intimacy with the other person. There are four personal space zones (Hall, 1983; Pease & Pease,
2004; Lunenburg, 2010; Hans & Hans, 2015).
Figure 2: Zones of Proxemics
Source: (Pease & Pease, 2004)
These are the key things that every person notices. The only problem with this is, it is possible
that what people interpret is not actually true. Crossing arms or palms can also mean that the
person is feeling cold. Uncrossed legs are not necessarily a sign of confidence. It is also possible
that the person is not flexible enough. A not so stretched out smile can also mean that the person
is just tired (Pease & Pease, 2004). If these body languages don’t signify a particular reason and
have various interpretations then how is it reliable and important?
Telling a lie continuously again and again, makes the lie seem true. And a time comes when the
actual truth is long forgotten and what is left is ‘The Lie’. This is what body language does to
human mind. The intension of initiating a position of closed arm can be different, but this
position affects the human mind and makes the person feel reserved and closed. A fake smile
brings in an actual one and also reduces stress (Kraft & Pressman, 2012; Wilkes, Kydd, Sagar, &
Broadbent, 2017). A non-closed posture enhances the feeling of power and gives positive
hormone levels. (Riskind, 1984; Thibaut & Kelley, 2003; Carney, Cuddy, & Yap, 2010).
This part talks about the person in action and not the behavior of the viewer or observer. Human
brain activities are scientifically associated with beta and gamma waves which are affected by
human posture (Thibault, Lifshitz, M., & & Raz, 2014). The recollections of events are affected
by the postures and feelings which determine the measure of this beta. An upright position helps

5. to remember events more easily compared to a laid-back position (Tsai, 2007; Wilkes, Kydd,
Sagar, & Broadbent, 2017). If a person starts nodding their head intentionally that generates
positive feelings, whereas chin down gives negative, judgmental feeling and aggressive attitude
(Pease & Pease, 2004). Researches state that, a folded body posture reduces perception of power,
confidence and risk tolerance of the person in action, compared to an expansive posture (Stepper
& Strack, 1993; Brinol, Petty, & Wagner, 2009; Carney, Cuddy, & Yap, 2010; Bohns &
Wiltermuth, 2012; Allen, Gervais, & Smith, 2013;Wilkes, Kydd, Sagar, & Broadbent, 2017). It
is not only the kinetics part, but also works for paralanguage, proxemics and chronemics. All
these become an habit and affects the mind in such a way that cannot be explained using any
other variable.
All these researches show the importance of body language. So to stand out in a crowd one
should know the right steps to take. The art of learning body language and using it to ones
advantage is very important. Standing straight, with upright back and open palms will not only
give the actor a boost but the observer will also get positive and open vibes from the actor, thus
giving positive results.
Every situation needs a different personality to show out. Dominance should be reserved for
subordinates, discipline in front of boss, care for friends, intimacy for lover, interested in front of
teachers and humble for everyone. These actions should be potrayed such that even if the true
feelings are not perfecty matching the body language but the observer should feel comfortable in
the presence of the person.
A superior person should always be in control and radiate authority to get the work done. A
straight posture and open hand is the key to this. Try to minimize the number of blinks while
talking, this would show the confidence. Exposed posture makes one look approachable and
open to new ideas. Always let the subordinates share their ideas. Follow the levels of proxemics.
Maintain distance to a stranger to make them feel comfortable (Pease & Pease, 2004). As an
interviewer ask postive questions to wash out all the negative energies of the interviewee. To
mask any negative thought or comment lock the ankles. Contineuosly nod the head slowly, this
encourages the person to talk more. While listening stroke the chin and tilt the head, this builds
trust between the speaker and the listner (Pease & Pease, 2004; Wilkes, Kydd, Sagar, &
Broadbent, 2017).
Subordinates should always show respect towards the superiors. Directly look in the listener’s
eyes while talking. This increases credibility of the person. A serious face is described as more
intelligent, sensible and astute than a over-smiling face. To build rapport try to use mirror image.
Copying body language gives a sense of compliance and makes the superior person satisfied and
connected to the subordinate. Handshake is another important factor that determines the
personality. Handshake should neither be hard as rock nor light as feather. To show equality both
palms should face vertically up and neither one should be slightly above the other. In interviews
handshake is one of the criterias for the judgement (Pease & Pease, 2004).
Figure 3: Catapult Posture

6. Source: (Pease & Pease, 2004)
Never use pointed fingers or try the catapult posture. Catapult is a posture where both the arms
are pulled behind the back of the head and the ankle of the foot is rested over the knees. This
gives off a over-confident and authoritative look. This is not recommended in front of a superior
(Pease & Pease, 2004; Huang, Galinsky, & Gruenfeld, 2010).
The study explains that how body language is observed and the effects of a posture or gesture to
human mind. Thus stating the significance of learning to read body languages. The examples
stated are not enough to explain all the minute aspects and details of human non-verbal
communication, but are enough to engender questions and make people inquisitive. These
theories are tested in real life in the form of a case study and then the theory is accepted or
rejected by the experiments and observations of the author.
METHOD
A case-based approach is considered in the study to observe the relationship between the way
teachers impart knowledge and students absorb it. This approach allows a comprehensive study
of the target audience and helps obtain an integrated picture of any event (Noor, 2014). The class
chosen for this purpose is Ty C BSc. students of Symbiosis School of Economics, Pune. The
author did a three week observatory process for 44 students and 6 teachers. The reason behind
the study was the feasibility of the author to get into the culture and society of the class without
disrupting any norms. This sample is also highly varied with students and teachers of different
cultures and backgrounds.
Observatory Research: The first stage of the study involves observing all the students and
teachers in different classes. Five days of observation per week noticing their behavior towards

7. the teacher’s and the subject. A two way observation was processed. First the behavior of the
students was seen and then connected to the way of teaching. The effects of teacher’s body
language on the behavior of students were noted.
Primary Research: Students were asked to rank the teachers and then their subjects individually
and why. The lack of interest can be connected to either the subject or the teaching pattern of the
teacher. The role and importance of body language was analyzed. Every teacher’s kinetic,
Proxemics, paralanguage and Chronemics pattern is observed and in return the behavior of the
students is noted. It is very interesting to know how the teacher’s small gesture and build or lose
student’s focus and zeal to study the subject.
Significance: Every teacher is given the same amount of time to teach, with the same
atmosphere and same students in the college. But the results still vary when seen in terms of
student’s performance. Though this also depends on the interest of the students, the course
structure and syllabus, but one thing that is neglected is the side of the teachers. Everyone has a
scope of improvement. Verbal communication skill can be improved as it can be detected easily.
But what about the unconscious body language?
Research Questions and Objectives:
The research aims to attain the following objective:
 Develop a relationship between the non-verbal communications of the teachers with the
apprehension of student’s interest.
 Stating the importance of body language and hence improving it for the benefit of the
students
Using the above objectives, the study aims to answer the following questions
 Is a small gesture or posture of a teacher significant enough to change the interests of a
student regardless of their interest in the subject?
CASE STUDY
The case of TY-C students and teachers of Symbiosis School of economics, Pune is studied and
analyzed. Symbiosis school of economics incepted in 2008 aims to give a rigorous applied
economics analysis to connect the students to the real world rather than restrain them to the
pages of a book. This college has some very experienced and qualified faculty along with a
stressful entrance procedure for the students. Even after such a tightly packed curriculum and
schedule, there is always scope of improvement. This case based study approach aims to
highlight the body language of teachers as a key factor affecting the behavior, attitude and zeal
of the students. The third year students in Symbiosis School of Economics have six teaching
subjects namely; Financial Management, Intermediary Econometrics, Economic Journalism,
Macro economics, Micro economics and IT application in economics. All the teachers of the
subjects have different styles of teaching and belong to varied culture and background.
Figure 4: Displaying various cultural backgrounds of the students

8. Out of the 44 students in one class there are 14 different cultures that exist. The social behavior,
ideas and customs of people belonging to a specific culture tend to be similar to each other. Thus
their body languages are also highly influenced by the culture they belong to. Hence, the cultural
differences of the students are recorded to show the diverse sample. This varied sample size
makes the research unbiased and thus can be reliable and conclusive for a larger population.
The highest number of students belongs to West Bengal, i.e. 26%, followed by Maharashtra,
NCR, MP, UP and so on.
Students have a different opinion on the teachers versus their subjects. This means that teachers
are not only judged based on the subject they teach, but there exists another aspect that affects
the student’s liking towards the teacher. Apart from the verbal interaction of the teachers towards
the students there also exists a non-verbal interaction that is not explicitly seen but implicitly felt.
All teachers have different levels of intimacy with the students. Some prefer to have the student-
teacher relationship closed within the classroom doors, while others try to step forward even
outside the classroom. Many teachers seem approachable and easy to talk to while others are
feared like the Satan’s of Hell. Many a times this fear affects the performance of a student. As a
teacher it is very important to be perceived as approachable but also respected at the same time.
Students should know that teachers are their superior, but they should also feel them as their
second parents standing like a pillar behind them.
Arm movements, eye contact, a smile on the face, a simple nod and a stroke of finger across the
chin are some gestures which are unconsciously felt by the students. One can never like someone
if it seems like the other person has a cold attitude towards them. Thus, if a teacher is not liked
then it is very hard for the students to like their subject, even if the subject seems interesting to
them. A small smile can make the day. An eye contact can make them feel significant. An
exposed gesture can make them feel comfortable and a nod can make them feel appreciated.
Does this really work? Do students study a subject because they like the teacher?
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
The students were to state the preference order of the teachers and the subjects. It was observed
that most of the students preferred the subject of their favorite teacher. It seemed very obvious
that the teacher’s taught the subject well. That was the reason they liked that subject. But when
asked about the reason they like the subject, answers were very vague. They couldn’t point out
the exact reason of their choice. Out of 44 students, 20% stated that they liked the subject no
matter who taught it. But the other lot said that their favorite teacher just seems very open to
questions and they were not afraid to ask questions. What was it that they had? This question
stuck over which couldn’t be properly explained by the students.
The main analysis came into picture when the author’s observations came into picture. These
observations were divided into two parts. First, the body languages of the teacher in class and in
return the body language of the students towards the teacher. Every teacher out of 6 chosen in the
case-based approach had different styles of teaching. Some teacher’s been authoritative and
radiated pride, confidence and superiority. This was expressed through their hand movements,
with a facing down palm, loud voice and straight back. Students are slightly scared and upright

9. during their lectures. Most of these lectures are spent by students sitting with crossed legs and
folded arms. This showed their hesitance to speak in class in fear of public humiliation. This
resulted in timely submissions, panicked students and lots of chaos behind the curtains.
Other teachers believed in giving the students the freedom to think. Without much restrictions
and open to ideas. These teachers generally had an exposed posture, with a broad smile on their
face, paying attention to every student in the class and interacting with the students. Some
students still had crossed legs and paid more attention to their gadgets than the board. But most
of the students sit with no crossed legs, open palm, a small smile and long nods. This resulted in
a lesser stress more fun class, but at the same time late submissions and bad discipline was also
seen.
A different scenario works on when the teacher’s are not teaching rather taking up Vivas,
presentations and reviewing the student’s work. The teacher’s who were nicely put into different
styles of teaching, showed completely different attitude while reviewing. Another set of styles
were observed during this. Some teacher’s had a poker face on which only made the students
more uneasy. Some gave continuous nods with a small smile which encouraged the students to
speak more. Some had a catapult posture, mostly seen in men, which frightened the students.
Many a times teachers just sat with crossed arms with a slightly tilted head which confused the
students and make them question their own research.
Not all students reacted the same way with the same teacher. The teachers also didn’t act the
same way with all the students. There were times when any confused state of the teacher resulted
in loss of discipline from the side of the students. That is, a case when the teacher gets confused
while teaching and starts folding his hands and standing with a closed posture to avoid questions
from the students regarding the topic. This is easily felt by the students and they start talking
within themselves and don’t feel their teacher as a reliable source. Their closed posture gives the
students a negative vibe from the teachers.
Morning classes are generally very lethargic and tiresome for the students. But has anybody
thought that the teachers sometimes just add on to this negative feeling. Teachers act as the
drivers of emotions of the students. If the teachers are not very open then students don’t feel
comfortable talking in their class. Even a pointed hand from the teacher while teaching a concept
can distract the students. Happy teachers with a broad smile on his face can easily turn sleepy
bunch of students into an over enthusiastic lot.
Since the observations were analyzed looking at the reaction of the students due to the body
language of the teachers, now it is important to improve postures. Some key observations which
released positive vibes to the students: a smile, open palm, no crossed legs or arms and chin-up
with continuous nods. Since in all the observations of the teacher and student there were some
merits and some demerits in each of the cases then what is the best solution?
SOLUTION AND RECOMMENDATION
A particular body language is not recommended. It is better if a teacher can show both authority
and seem approachable at the same time.

10. In a class while teaching exposed posture with a slight smile feels good and a slight tilt in head
with a smile makes the students feel safe and comfortable. But at the same time if a student is
causing any nuisance then a crossed arm direct eye contact and no blinking posture gives
superior feel and students will know who the authority in the class is. So the teacher should seem
open to questions but not to nuisance.
In a presentation, viva or review it is important to make the students feel confident and talk more
about their ideas without the feeling of fear or scared of being humiliated. This can be presented
by the teacher’s body language. Teacher should always look in the eyes of all the students giving
a small smile and continuous nods. A ‘Catapult’ position should be avoided, with no crossed
arms or closed palms, avoid pointed fingers and give a slight stroke to the chin. This seems like
the teacher is interested in listening what the student has to say thus motivating the students
(Pease & Pease, 2004).
The most confusing part in all this is when to use which posture and when to mask which one.
Like harsh negative remarks can discourage the student to study, but a subtle way to express the
negative thoughts is also important for the student to improve. What is necessary is that
expressing every student with impartiality at the same time came them feel special. Teacher’s
can never choose but appear to be positively biased for all.
CONCLUSION
Body language is not only important to check if the other person is deceiving, but it can actually
change a person’s feeling. And after knowing the art of reading body language, one can change
their own body language to have an edge over the other. This same strategy can be used by the
teachers themselves. First they need to read the student’s body language and then see what
encourages the students and give them positive vibes and then act accordingly. This is how
teachers can use body language for their own use and increase the efficiency of the students.
Students unconsciously are affected by the teacher’s body language. This can be deduced by the
primary research conducted by the author. Because of the not so obvious effects of body
language, it has not been given the level of importance it deserves. This paper highlights this
importance and encourages people, especially teachers to learn this art.
FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTION
Though this study captures many aspects of a student teacher relationship with special lights to
the effects of teacher’s body language on the student, but it misses to give proper explanation of
expressing body language in such a way that a teacher can make everybody feel special without
making anybody feel left out or banal.
This paper mainly focuses on the kinetics (body postures) of people, throwing very few lights
towards Proxemics, Chronemics and paralanguage. So this body language of teachers could
further elaborated to the voice modulations of the teachers, the time delay, class postponed and
space issues.

11. Due to lack of time, resources and feasibility of the author, a sample of 44 students and 6
teachers are selected. So a better inference can be drawn out if the sample size is more. Though,
the sample is justified by the author showing the varied backgrounds of the students and
teachers. Even though many solutions for improving the performance of the students by
changing the body language of the students is given, but none of them are performed and
experimented due to lack of time. This can also be incorporated.
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