1. Unit 2 (B)
Learning aim B: Understand the structure and job roles in a Media Sector.
Structure of a mediasector
The Tv sectionisthe biggestsectorwithinthe mediaindustry.Itemploysover50,000 Britishpeople
and the industryiscontinuingtoincrease rapidlywiththe introductionof digital technologywhichis
transformingthe wayswe watchtv contents.Thisportici loursectorisa fastgrowingandthe
emergence of digital technologiesare transformingthe waywe watchtelevisioncontent.The Ukhas
a collectionof broadcastingservicesoverdiverse distributionmedia.Thesesurvivesprovide over
430 channels forconsumerstoconsume aswell ason demandcontent.
The radio sector.Radiobroadcastingisone of the oldestformsof massmediainthe worldand can
be enjoyedanywhere atinthe comfortof eitheryourhome,yourcar and at a publicplace.
Traditionallyradioservicesare receivedthroughsignalssentfromatransmitterthatcouldbe from
far awayin the middle of nowhere howeverthe signal getssendandcarriedovertruwavesoverto a
radiodevice.However,we live intimeswhere evenyourfridge hasWi-Fi anditssome how
connectedtothe internetotherwords,I’mtryingtosay that radiocan be accessedona laptop
desktopphone tabletfridgecaranythingthe worldiscrazy whichiswhyradiois wowidelyspread
aroundthe world.
The Filmindustry:The filmindustryisone of the mostprofitable sectorsinthe mediaindustry.The
industryisdominatedbymanymajorFilmcompaniessuchasParamount,Disney21st
CenturyFox
act. In the Uk the worldof filmproductionisdominatedbycompaniessuch asthe producersof
ChickenRunand the pirates.Aardaman animation,archerstreetfilmsandmanymore.
VideoGamesare popular.In 2003, the industrysurpassedthe motionpicture industryinrevenue.
The market forvideogamesincludesconsumerspending onthe gamesthemselvesratherthanthe
hardware platformonwhichtheyplaythem.The game platformscomputersconsole some handlers
are all aroundthe consumerelectronicsindustrynotthe mediaindustriesgamesare purchased
individuallyonorby subscriptionasretail boxedgamesordownloaddigital.
Animationindustryare usedalotinthe other mediasectors.Animationsare usedinalotof
advertisementsandmovies.Examplesof popularanimatedmoviesThe Incredibles,the lionking
chickenlittle andBambi.Animation isusedinmakingspecialeffectsinandduringadurationof a tv
show.
Televisionisalarge multimediamassmediacompanyinLatinAmerican.Itisa Mexicancompany
and a major international entertainmentbusiness,withmuchof its programmingairinginthe United
Sateson Uni vision,withwhichithasanexclusivecontract.
2. BBC: The BBC Britishbroadcastingcorporationisthe publicservicebroadcasterof the UKwithits
headquartersinLondon.ItwasfoundedbyJohnReithinOctober1922 alongwitha group of
wirelessmanufacturers.
Time Warner Inc isa perfectexample of acompanythat operateswithinmore thanone media.
It isa multimediaandentertainmentconglomerate withitsheadquartersinAmerica,New Yorktobe
precise.Itiscurrentlythe worldsthirdlargesttelevisionnetworksandfilmedTV &entertainment
companyinterms of revenue atone time wasthe worldslargestmediaconglomerate.
Advertisementisaverycommonpart of society.Itisa veryessentialpartof businessandvery
necessaryforcustomerawarenessof acompanyproduct.Advertsexistintomanydifferentforms
there are Billboardads,Televisionads,newspaperadvertisements,Radioadvertisements.
IndustrySize andComposition
In 2011 the global mediaindustrieswill accountfornearly2.0 trillioninrevenue.However,theyare
part of a largercommercial complex,calledthe copyrightindustries.The organizationsthatmake up
the copyrightindustriesengageinthe productionanddisseminationof new copyrightedmaterial.
The specificcontentmaydiffer,butthe managementof these activitiesissprightlysimilar,
regardlessof the specificindustrysegmentorenterpriseintheytake place.
Core industries:Industrieswhose primarypurposeIsto create,produce distribute,orexhibit
copyrightedmaterials,include broadcast,musicmotionpicture,entertainmentsoftware,newspaper
and magazinesasshowninfigure.
Partial copyrightindustries.Industriesforwhichonlysome aspectorportionof the productsqualify
for copyrightprotection,suchasthe Ford Motor company,whose carsmay be patented,butnot
copyrighted.However,the brochures,TV spotsandotherpromotional materialsthe company’s
producersare copyrightprotected.
Independentindustries:
Industriesthatmanufacture andsell productsthatenable the creation,production,distribution,or
consumptionof copyrightedmaterial.Suchindustriesinclude manufacturersof consumer
electronicsproductsand mediatelevisions,DVDplayers,game consoles,cameras,microphones,
lightingequipment,discsandtape,headphones,andsoforththe technologiesthatdependonthe
copyrightindustriesforcontentthatdrive consumerstobuyplaybackdevices. Advertisingspending
for messageswithgamesisinclotheswell.
The market forconsole gamesiscyclical startswiththe introductionof a new console officewhere
are mygamesbus onlycomesincrediblypopulargamesmustbuythe new console inordertoplay
the game.
3. Publishing
Thiscategoryincludesbusinessinformationmagazine newspaperandbookpublishingmostof which
are growingquite slowly- onlybusinessinformationisgrowingata compoundannual growthrate of
more than 5 percent.These are mature industriesthatall face some degree of threatfromthe
internet,particularlynewspapersandbusinessinformation.The sale of printbooksmaydecrease
because of the rise of e- readers,butthese will acttostimulate booksmodestly.
Commoncharacteristicsof the segmentsof the mediaindustries.
Despite the personal identifycationthatpeoplewhoworkina particularmediaindustryhave with
it,there are strikingsimilaritiesbetweenthe segments:theyare sensitivetochangesintechnology,
popularinbothglobal and local environments, andinvolvedinthe creationof bothinformationand
entertainmentproducts.Theyhelpcreate andare vulnerable tocultural,social,andpolitical trends.
Theyalsoface a longlistof similareconomicchallengesandopportunities.
Healthand SafetyAdvisorsinthe TV andfilmindustrygive helpgive adviceonhealthandsafety
managementsystemswithineachfilmorproduction,reviewingeachcompany’sHealthandSafety
policy,andensuringthathealthandsafetyarrangementsandthe appropriate personnel are in
place.
Before filmingcanbeginseveral riskassessmentshave tobe carriedoutin orderto ensure
everybody’shealthandsafety.
EmployersLiability:
Most employersare requiredtobythe law to insure againstliabilityforinjuryordiseases totheir
employeesarsingoutof theiremployment.Employerliability insurance is compulsoryassetout by
the employerliabilityact1969.
EmployersRights
All employeesinthe workplace automaticallyhave employers’ rightswhichmustbe considered by
the employer.These rightscaninclude.
A safe cleanworkplace
Pay duringsickleave.
The right to requestflexibleworking.
Requestsbreaks
Trainingtime
Changesto employmentconditionsandmanymore.
Trademarksisa certainindicationusedbya business orcompanythatdefinesthatcompanyand
makesitstand outfrom all the othercompany’salsomakingunique.
Equal Opportunities
4. Equal opportunities are anact where people shouldbe treatedasanequal andnot be lookeddown
uponbecause of theirage,disabilitysexreligionorethnicorigin.
Confidentiality:Inthe productionof a filmorTV program there are certainthingsthat needtobe
keptsecretso thatother companiescan’tcopytheirideaandso itdoesn’truinthe plotof the story
to the audience.Employerswilloftenneedtosignaconfidentiallyagreementformwhenworkingon
a project.
Exclusivity:The exclusivityactstopspeople fromworkingwithmore thanone partyona project.
Thismeansthat no matterwhat happensyoucanonlydeal withthe one party you signedupto first.
For example, apersonworkingonone TV show can not appearon anyothershow for at least6
mothsafterbroadcasts.
More Ethical IssuesandConstrainers.
Gendercan oftenbe a topicwhichgetspassedby andalmostoverlookedbythe mediawhenit
comesto constraints.ThisIsbecause casual sexismoftenthroughstereotypesisusually common
withsociety. However, thisdoesnotmeanitshouldbe allowed.Thiscouldinvolve filmsorprograms
portrayingwomeninstereotypical rolessuchascleanersandhousewivesorbeingshownasbeing
lessphysicallyableasa manand therefore showntodothe more menial tasks.
ReligiousBeliefsiscertainlyatopicthat isimportanttostick to the regulationsandconstraints.This
isbecause itis veryeasyforthe mediatounintentionallyinsultordiscriminateagainstareligiona
religionwhetheritbe Christianity,Buddhism, Judaismetc.Itis withinamediacompany’sbest
interestsnottoinsulta religion.The isbecause variousreligiousgroupshave the vastnumbersof
followerswithnumbersreachinginthe billionsforseveral groups.
Privacy
The BBC likestoensure thatpeoplesPrivacyisrespectedandwill notdiscloseinformationunless
theyhave goodreasonto. Thisheadingcoverstopicssuchas Secretrecording,privacyandconsent
CCTV reportingdeathandsufferingandwhilstdealingwithpersonal information.
Impartiality,Whichcoverstopicssuchascontroversial Subject,Drama entertainmentandculture
Electionsandreferendumspersonal view contentetc.
Producer:Thispersonisessentiallythe groupleaderandisresponsible formanagingthe production
fromstart to finish.The producerdevelopsthe projectfromthe initial idea,makessure the scriptis
finalized,arrangesthe financingandmanagesthe productionteamthatmakesthe film.
DirectorThe directorisa primaryresponsibleforoverseeingthe shootingandassemblyof afilm.
While the directorsrole mightbe comparedtonovelsautoursasa filmsprimaryvisionary,he orshe
wouldnotbe able to make the filmwithoutthe helpof anumerousothersartistsandtechnicians.
Screenwriter:While the dialogue inafilmmayseemnatural tothe viewer,awritercarefullycraftsit
fromscratch. However,the screenwriterdoesfarmore thanjustprovide dialogforthe actors.He or
she alsoshapesthe sequence of eventsinafilmtoensure thatthe scenes will transitfromone to
anotherand keepitrealisticandlogical aspossible.
5. Production Designerisa very importantrole because evenbefore asingle secondisshotthe
production designerwouldhave tograbthe script andtranslate itt the visual form.Theycreate a
seriesof storyboardsthat serve as the filmsfirstdraft.
Art Director:The art directorisresponsible forthe filmssettingthe buildinglandscapesandinteriors
that provide the physical contextforcharacters.Thispersonisresponsible foracquiringprops,
decorationsetsandmakingsettingbelievable.
Costume Designerconveyagreatdeal aboutthe filmstime periodandthe characterswhowear
themincludingtheireconomicstatusoccupationandattitude towardthemselves.Be sure tothink
abouthow costumingworksandhowit can show somethingaboutthe charactervisuality.
Cinematographeristhe directorof photographyinthe production.The role isresponsiblefor
capturingthe script onfilmor video.The DPmustpay attention tolightingandthe cameratechnical
capabilities.
Editor:Shortlyafterthe shootingbeginsthe editorbeginstoorganise the footage andarranges
individualshotsintothe continuoussequence.Even inasingle scene,dozensof differentshotshave
to be chosenand assembledfromhundredsof feetof afilm.The editor’schoice aboutwhichchoice
aboutwhichshotsto use at the end.It’salsoup to himwhatwill make itto the end.
Actors role isresponsible forportrayingthe charactersina film, actors workcloselywiththe director
and cinematographer.Consideringandactor’srole withinthislargercontextalsosuggeststhathisor
herjo ismuch more difficultthatjustappearingonsetandrecitinglines.
Music Supervisor’s:Musichasbeenan integral partof moviessince cinemasearlydaysinthe 189s.A
pianoor organ payeraccompaniedeventhe simplestsilentfilms.The silentmovieplacesof the
1920s were equippedwithelaborate organsandorchestrapitstoaccommodate large groupsof live
musicians.Todayselectingjust,the rightmusicforthe filmwill intensifythe storyforthe audience.
