2. Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant – New York, NY
• Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant uses 2.5 billion gallons of H2O per
day (this is >2-times the water used by New York City) to produce steam
& cool reactors.
• Supplies up to 30% of electricity to New York City
• Once used the water is put back into Hudson River is 20-30 degrees
hotter, which kills fish and other aquatic organisms
• Produces zero greenhouse gases
• Its federal license for the plant expires in 2013
• New York State has determined that plant violates Clean Water Act
3. Bioremediation of Nuclear Waste – OSU Research:
http://www.dispatch.com/live/content/science/stories/2009/04/05/
sci_toxbacteria.ART_ART_04-05-09_G3_QKDEBCE.html?sid=101
• Hanford Site, WA –
plutonium production for most
of USA’s 60,000 nuclear
weapons
• $2 billion per year spent at
Hanford Site to clean up site.
Total before is is “done” is
$100,000,000,000.
>50 million gallons of highly-radioactive waste remains on site
Originally part of Manhattan Project, active from 1943 – 1987
4. Evolution of Life on Earth
• Earth is 4.5 billion years old
• Earliest life forms are 3.5 billion
years old
• 20% oxygen atmosphere about
1.2 billion years ago
5. Becoming Human
Chapter 1 of 5 – The First
Humans on Earth
http://video.pbs.org/video/1319997127/
Neanderthals, Humans
Interbred?
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/
2010/05/100506-science-neanderthals-humans-
mated-interbred-dna-gene/
7. Layers of Earth’s
Atmosphere
Gases in extremely thin air absorb X-
rays and short-wave radiation raising
temperature to 1000oC or higher
Temperatures as low as -140oC
Meteors burn up from friction with air molecules
Ozone layer is thickest at 25-30 km
99% of atmosphere (by weight)
is below 30 km
8.
9. Video, ozone hole over Antarctica:
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/news/environment-news/
antarctica-ozone-vin.html
10.
11. Coriolis Effect
o Earth’s rotation from
west to east causes
wind and water to
swerve to right in
Northern Hemisphere
and to the left in
Southern Hemisphere
• Prevailing winds
1. polar easterlies
2. westerlies
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_36MiCUS1ro
3. trade winds
21. PBS Heat – Watching the Earth Change:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/heat/view/1.html
22. Heat and Air Temperature
1. Conduction – transfer of
heat between objects that
are in direct physical
contact
2. Electromagnetic
radiation – heat transfer Q10 = 2
between substances
without direct contact
23. Precipitation and humidity
• Precipitation – water • Dew point –
that reaches surface of temperature where
Earth condensation occurs
• Movement of water: • Humidity – amount of
1. Condensation water gas in given
2. Evaporation volume of air
3. Transpiration • Condensation nuclei –
4. Sublimation suspended air particles
on which condensation
of water occurs