2. STATISTICSSTATISTICS
Over 2 million PCI procedures worldwide
Angiographic success rate of 90-95%
Overall complication rate 1-5%
3. Successful PCISuccessful PCI
PCI performance is defined in terms of
procedural success which identifies
anatomical (or angiographic) success,
(the enlargement of an epicardial vessel
to a minimum luminal diameter of <10%
stenosis or as near to 0% as possible,
and TIMI 3 flow), without clinical
complications
4. The assessment that takes place in
order to judge the feasibility for PCI
is essentially one based on a
combination of individualized
risk/benefit analysis, lesion/technical
and patient/co-morbid characteristics
Aim: to identify those at highest risk
6. Procedure complication categoryProcedure complication category
1. Death (related to the procedure, regardless
of mechanism)
2. Stroke
3. MI (related to the procedure, regardless of
mechanism)
4. Ischemia requiring emergency CABG
5. Vascular access site complication
6. Contrast agent nephropathy
7. Excessive bleeding, requiring treatment
8. Other (such as coronary perforation and
tamponade)
10. Complications from femoralComplications from femoral
access for PCIaccess for PCI
Retroperitoneal hemorrhage
Pseudo aneurysm
AV fistula
Infection
Hematoma
Neuropraxia
Lower limb ischemia (thrombosis or
embolism)
Dissection
11. Predictors of complicationsPredictors of complications
relating to vascular accessrelating to vascular access
Female gender
Advanced age
Small body surface area
Prior instrumentation
Anticoagulation
Peripheral vascular disease
Diabetes Mellitus
Suboptimal technique (puncture and closure)
13. LESION (ANGIOGRAPHIC)LESION (ANGIOGRAPHIC)
CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS
Calcification, tortuosity (angulation >45
degrees), left main, bifurcation subsets,
degenerated saphenous vein graft, chronic
total occlusion and multivessel disease all
feature prominently in the diminished
technical success of a procedure and the
ability to be associated with complications
20. Perforation is an anatomical breach in the
integrity of the tunica adventitia of an epicardial
artery leading to extravasation of blood, either
into the myocardium, pericardium or a cardiac
chamber
Coronary Perforation