Adult Basic Life Support Techniques
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The document discusses adult basic life support procedures for cardiac arrest. It defines key terms like adult and compression. The chain of survival and simplified adult BLS algorithm are described. Guidelines from the 2010 AHA are summarized, including removing pulse checks and emphasizing early defibrillation. The full BLS health care provider adult cardiac arrest algorithm is shown, outlining steps like verifying safety, checking responsiveness, shouting for help, activating emergency response, using an AED, checking breathing and pulse, beginning chest compressions, maintaining airway and ventilation, and early defibrillation. Details are provided on chest compression techniques, ventilation methods, compression to ventilation ratios, switching rescuers, and guidelines for stopping CPR.
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Adult Basic Life Support Techniques
- 1. Adult Basic Life Support Department of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care Sri Siddhartha Medical College & Research Centre Tumkur
- 2. Definition Cardiac arrest- Diagnosis Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation is a technique of basic life support for oxygenating the brain and heart until appropriate, definitive medical treatment can restore normal heart and ventilatory action.
- 3. Definition of Terms Adult- An adult is anyone who is going through or who has already gone though puberty. Patient is Responsive- Someone who ‘Responds’ moves, speaks, blinks or otherwise reacts when you tap him and ask if he’s OK. Compression- A ‘Compression’ is the act of pushing on the chest. AED- automated external defibrillator
- 5. Simplified Adult BLS Algorithm
- 6. 2010 AHA Guidelines Removal of look, listen and feel Emphasis on early defibrillation Demphasis on pulse check
- 7. BLS Health Care Provider Adult Cardiac Arrest Algorithm Verify Scene Safety Check for Unresponsiveness and breathing Shout for HELP!! Activate Emergency Response System AED & Emergency Equipment Look for PULSE – is it definitive felt in 10 seconds Start CHEST COMPRESSIONS Maintain AIRWAY & VENTILATION Early Defibrillation or AED
- 8. ALGORITHM Verify Scene Safety Check for Unresponsiveness and breathing Shout for HELP!! Activate Emergency Response System AED & Emergency Equipment Look for PULSE – is it definitive felt in 10 seconds Start CHEST COMPRESSIONS Maintain AIRWAY & VENTILATION Early Defibrillation or AED
- 9. ALGORITHM Verify Scene Safety Check for Unresponsiveness and breathing Shout for HELP!! Activate Emergency Response System AED & Emergency Equipment Look for PULSE – is it definitive felt in 10 seconds Start CHEST COMPRESSIONS Maintain AIRWAY & VENTILATION Early Defibrillation or AED
- 10. ALGORITHM Verify Scene Safety Check for Unresponsiveness Shout for HELP!! Activate Emergency Response System AED & Emergency Equipment Look for PULSE – is it definitive felt in 10 seconds Start CHEST COMPRESSIONS Maintain AIRWAY & VENTILATION Early Defibrillation or AED
- 11. ALGORITHM Verify Scene Safety Check for Unresponsiveness Shout for HELP!! Activate Emergency Response System AED & Emergency Equipment Look for PULSE – is it definitive felt in 10 seconds Start CHEST COMPRESSIONS Maintain AIRWAY & VENTILATION Early Defibrillation or AED
- 12. ALGORITHM Verify Scene Safety Check for Unresponsiveness Shout for HELP!! Activate Emergency Response System AED & Emergency Equipment Look for PULSE – is it definitive felt in 10 seconds Start CHEST COMPRESSIONS Maintain AIRWAY & VENTILATION Early Defibrillation or AED
- 13. ALGORITHM Verify Scene Safety Check for Unresponsiveness Shout for HELP!! Activate Emergency Response System AED & Emergency Equipment Look for BREATHING Look for PULSE – is it definitive felt in 10 seconds Start CHEST COMPRESSIONS Maintain AIRWAY & VENTILATION Early Defibrillation or AED
- 14. • Site- 2 hands on the lower half of the breastbone (sternum) • Rate- 120 per minute • Depth- 5 to 6 cm ALGORITHM Verify Scene Safety Check for Unresponsiveness Shout for HELP!! Activate Emergency Response System AED & Emergency Equipment Look for BREATHING Look for PULSE – is it definitive felt in 10 seconds Start CHEST COMPRESSIONS Maintain AIRWAY & VENTILATION Early Defibrillation or AED
- 15. • Chest compressions of adequate rate, 100-120, with 120/min being the maximum • Chest compressions of adequate depth (maximum of 6cm or 2.4 inches) • Allowing full chest recoil in between compressions, avoid leaning on victims chest Increased emphasis on high quality CPR
- 16. Increased emphasis on high quality CPR • Minimizing interruptions in between compressions as shorter pauses are associated with greater success (class I). • Avoiding excessive ventilation
- 17. • Head tilt • Chin lift • Jaw thrust ALGORITHM Verify Scene Safety Check for Unresponsiveness Shout for HELP!! Activate Emergency Response System AED & Emergency Equipment Look for BREATHING Look for PULSE – is it definitive felt in 10 seconds Start CHEST COMPRESSIONS Maintain AIRWAY & VENTILATION Early Defibrillation or AED
- 18. Ventilation
- 19. Ratio of Compression to Ventilation
- 20. Switching Rescuers Switch Rescuers every 2 minutes or 5 Cycles
- 21. ALGORITHM Verify Scene Safety Check for Unresponsiveness Shout for HELP!! Activate Emergency Response System AED & Emergency Equipment Look for BREATHING Look for PULSE – is it definitive felt in 10 seconds Start CHEST COMPRESSIONS Maintain AIRWAY & VENTILATION Early Defibrillation or AED
- 22. SHOCK first OR CPR first • In an witnessed cardiac arrest, if AED is immediately available, reasonable to use AED as soon as possible
- 23. When to STOP!! • Return of spontaneous circulation • Until help arrives • Physical fatigue. • Obivious Death
- 24. Possible Complications 1. Rib fractures 2. Hemothorax 3. Hemopericardium 4. Coronary Vessel injury 5. Sternal fracture 6. Spleen Injury
- 25. Thank you..