TYPES OF GEMSTONES USED IN FASHION ACCESSORIES.

1. TYPES OF GEMSTONES
Submitted by- D. KHUSHI
BSC FAD”18 BATCH “C’

2. ANYOLITE
• Anyolite is advertised as a variety of the mineral zoisite from Kenya and
the Arusha Region of Tanzania.
• Anyolite is actually a metamorphic rock composed of intergrown green
zoisite, black/dark green parasite , and ruby.
• The contrasting colors make anyolite a popular material for sculptures and
other decorative objects. It was first discovered at the Mundarara Mine,
near Longido, Tanzania in 1954.
• USES :- Anyolite instills joy, spontaneity, laughter and courage, bringing
passion and a zest for life.
• Anyolite improves circulation and quality of the blood, and heart disorders.
• Mohs hardness varies from 6 to 7.

3. AZURMALACHITE
• Azurmalachite is a blue and green gem material composed of two
copper carbonate minerals, azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2) and malachite
(Cu2(CO3)(OH)2).
• Azurmalachite is a rock that forms at shallow depths in the oxidizing
zone above copper deposits.
• These neutralize the slightly acidic waters and facilitate precipitation
of the dissolved copper in the form of carbonate minerals in fractures,
cavities, and pore spaces.
• Much of the azurmalachite that is sold today is mined in the
southwestern United States, France, or Namibia.
• both minerals are very soft (3.5 to 4 on the Mohs hardness scale.

4. BENETOITE
• Benitoite is a rare blue barium titanium cyclosilicate, found in
hydrothermally altered serpentinite.
• It forms in low temperature, high pressure environments typical of
subduction zones at convergent plate boundaries.
• Benitoite fluoresces under short wave ultraviolet light, appearing bright
blue to bluish white in color.
• It was discovered in 1907 by prospector James M. Couch in the San
Benito Mountains roughly halfway between San Francisco and Los
Angeles.
• Mohs scale hardness 6 to 6.5.
USES
• This beautiful mineral is used as a gemstone for making jewelry.
• Another important use of Benitoite is as a mineral specimen. The unique
crystals of this mineral are highly valuable as collectable specimens.
• It is also used as a minor barium and titanium ore.

5. CHRYSOPRASE
• It is a gemstone variety of chalcedony that contains small
quantities of nickel. Its color is normally apple-green, but varies to
deep green. The darker varieties of chrysoprase are also referred to
as prase.
• the color of chrysoprase is due to trace amounts of nickel
compounds in the form of very small inclusions.
• The best known sources of chrysoprase are Indonesia, Queensland,
Western Australia, Haneti Tanzania, Germany, Poland, Russia,
Arizona, California, and Brazil.
• Mohs scale hardness 6 to 7
USES
It promotes joy and happiness and brings through the vibration of
Divine Truth, while helping to heal the heart of the energy of
depression and anxiety.

6. CITRINE
• Citrine is a variety of quartz whose color ranges from a pale yellow
to brown due to ferric impurities
• It is nearly impossible to differentiate between cut citrine and yellow
topaz visually, but they differ in hardness.
• Citrine has been referred to as the "merchant's stone" or "money
stone," due to a superstition that it would bring prosperityCitrine
was first appreciated as a golden-yellow gemstone in Greece
between 300 and 150 BC, during the Hellenistic Age. The yellow
quartz was used prior to that to decorate jewelry and tools but it
was not highly sought after
• Mohs scale hardness 6.5 to 7

7. IRIS AGATE
• It is a common rock formation, consisting of chalcedony and quartz as
its primary components,[
• Agates are primarily formed within volcanic and metamorphic rocks.
• Decorative uses of agates are known to date back to Ancient Greece
and are used most commonly as decorations or jewelry.
• Mohs scale hardness 6.5 to 7.
USES
It has traditionally been used to make knife-edge bearings for laboratory
balances and precision pendulums, and sometimes to make mortars and
pestles to crush and mix chemicals. It has also been used for centuries
for leather burnishing tools.

8. RHODOCHROSITE
• Rhodochrosite is a manganese carbonate mineral with chemical
composition MnCO3.
• it is typically a rose-red color, but impure specimens can be shades of pink
to pale brown.
• Rhodochrosite occurs as a hydrothermal vein mineral along with other
manganese minerals in low temperature ore deposits as in the silver mines
of Romania where it was first found.
• It was first described in 1813 in reference to a sample from Cavnic,
Maramureş, present-day Romania.
• Mohs hardness varies between 3.5 and 4.
USES
Its main use is as an ore of manganese, which is a key component of low-cost
stainless steel formulations and certain aluminium alloys
Quality banded specimens are often used for decorative stones and jewelry.

9. SPHENE
• it is a calcium ,titanium , nesosilicate, mineral, CaTiSiO5.
• Trace impurities of iron and aluminium are typically present.
• Also commonly present are rare earth metals including cerium and
yttrium; calcium may be partly replaced by thorium.
• occurs as a common accessory mineral in intermediate and felsic
igneous rocks and associated pegmatites.
• It also occurs in metamorphic rocks such as gneiss and schists and
skarns. Source localities include: Pakistan; Italy; Russia; China; Brazil
• Mohs scale hardness varies from 5 to 5.5.
USES
• jewelry use of titanite is limited, both because the stone is uncommon
in gem quality and is relatively soft.
• Titanite can also be used as a U-Pb geochronometer, specifically in
metamorphic terranes.

10. TANZANITE
• Tanzanite is the blue and violet variety of the mineral zoisite (a calcium
aluminium hydroxyl sorosilicate), caused by small amounts of vanadium
• Tanzanite is only found in Tanzania.
• Tanzanite is noted for its remarkably strong trichroism, appearing
alternately blue, violet and burgundy depending on crystal orientation
• Tanzanite was formed around 585 million years ago during the mid-
Ediacaran Period by massive plate tectonic activity and intense heat in
the area that would later become Mount Kilimanjaro.
• Mohs scale hardness is 6.5.
USES
. It is used in bracelets, necklaces, and earrings. It is less often used in
rings due to its relatively low hardness which makes it prone to scratches

11. VARISCITE
• Variscite is a hydrated aluminium phosphate mineral (AlPO4·2H2O). It
is a relatively rare phosphate mineral. It is sometimes confused with
turquoise.
• variscite is usually greener in color. The green color results from the
presence of small amounts of chromium.
• It was first described in 1837 and named for the locality of Variscia, the
historical name of the Vogtland, in Germany.
• Variscite often contains white veins of the calcium aluminium
phosphate mineral crandallite.
• Mohs scale hardness is 4.5.
USES
• Variscite is sometimes used as a semi-precious stone, and is popular for
carvings and ornamental use due to its beautiful and intense green
color, and is commonly used in silversmithing in place of turquoise

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