Kharal (Mortar & Pestle)

1. Hakim Mohd Akhtar Ali
(MD Ilmul Saidla)
Assistant Professor
Department of Ilmul Saidla (Unani Pharmacy)
ZH Unani Medical College & Hospital, Siwan

3.  Porphyry or porphyry or Pvryfyry a type of igneous rocks
that have large and small crystals of quartz and pyroxene and
amphibole and mica is.
 Rubble is a hard and pinkish or green stone (its color varies
depending on its constituent elements), and because of its
endurance, hardness and violence, it is used for stone
buildings and columns, as well as for making Asian stone.

5.  The term porphyry /ˈpɔːrfɪriː/ is from Ancient
Greek (πορφύρα porphyra) and means "purple". Purple was the color
of royalty, and the "imperial porphyry" was a deep purple igneous
rock with large crystals of plagioclase.
 Some authors claimed the rock was the hardest known in antiquity.
 Its chief characteristic is a large difference in size between the tiny
matrix crystals and the much larger phenocrysts.
 Porphyry was extensively used in Byzantine imperial monuments,
for example in Hagia Sophia.

6.  Porphyry copper: The term porphyry is
also used for a mineral deposit called a
"copper porphyry". The different stages of
cooling that create porphyritic textures in
intrusive and hypabyssal porphyritic rocks
also lead to a separation of dissolved
metals into distinct zones.

7.  Rhomb porphyry is a volcanic rock with gray-
white large porphyritic rhombus-
shaped phenocrysts embedded in a very fine-
grained red-brown matrix. The composition of
rhomb porphyry places it in the trachyte–
latite classification of the QAPF diagram.
 Rhomb porphyry lavas are only known from
three rift areas: the East African
Rift (including Mount Kilimanjaro), Mount
Erebus near the Ross Sea in Antarctica, and
the Oslo graben in Norway. It is intrusive.

8.  Among all varieties of mortar(Kharal), the mortar of Sange
Simaq is considered to be the costliest, hardest and it is of best
quality in comparison to other varieties of Kharal or mortar.
 The precious stones like Hajariyar, Jawahiraat are made powder
thorough this variety of kharal.

9.  Sange Khara is considered as second best quality by the ancient
physicians or Hakims.
 Marble or granite is a type of internal igneous rock, which is why its
texture has medium to large grains and has ore (quartz) and feldspar,
mica and some other minerals. Its color varies from pink to bold gray
and even black, depending on the mineral and chemistry of the rock.
 This stone is one of the heaviest stones with a density of 2.75 grams
per cubic centimeter.
 Granite is one of the strongest and hardest stones, so it is widely used
as a building material.
 The resistance of this stone to corrosion has led to its widespread use
in laboratories.

11.  The high strength and hardness of this
stone makes it possible to make sheets
only a few millimeters thick from this
stone.
 It should be noted that the word granite
has Latin roots.
 Granite is a rock formed by the cooling of
molten masses.
 Granite is a symbol of hardness, strength
and durability. Granites come in white,
gray, Portuguese, green, black, red, and
more. Granites are harder but more
uniform than limestone. Granites do not
scratch easily and their resistance to heat is
high.

13.  Sange musa and sange Marmer are the less
hard quality of Kharal in which the
precious stones and minerals could not be
powdered.
 These varieties of mortars
are the considered as soft one.

14.  It is also used for the purpose of
making powder of medicines.
 In case of large scale of
production-pulverizing machine

15.  Wood Mortar & pestle
 Iron Mortar & pestle (Hawan Dasta)
 Sange Simaq Mortar & pestle
 Sange Marmer Mortar & pestle
 Porceline Mortar & pestle
 Stainless Steel Mortar & pestle
 Sil Batta (Slab and Muller)
 Dabi (Stirrer)-long stick of wood for stirring the medicine

16. Wood Mortar & pestle
Iron Mortar & pestle (Hawan Dasta)
Sange Marmer Mortar & pestle
Porceline Mortar & pestle
Stainless Steel Mortar & pestle