This document summarizes a thesis presentation on evaluating the anti-obesity activity of Passiflora incarnata on experimental animals. It includes an introduction on obesity, literature review on herbal anti-obesity medicines including Passiflora incarnata, plant and drug profiles, aim and objectives of evaluating the anti-obesity effects, methodology, results of phytochemical screening and effects on weight and blood parameters, discussion of the anti-obesity effects, and conclusions. The study found that Passiflora incarnata reduced body weight and improved lipid profiles, showing its potential as a treatment for obesity.

1. THESIS PRESENTATION
Presented By:- Guided By:-
Miss.Divya G. Kale Mr. J. V. Vyas
(M.Pharm IInd Year) (Head of Pharmacology)
VIDYABHARTI COLLEGE OF PHARMACY,
AMRAVATI
(2022-2023)

2. THESIS PRESENTATION
EVALUATION OF ANTI-OBESITY ACTIVITY OF
PASSIFLORA INCARNATA ON EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY ,
VIDYABHARTI COLLEGE OF PHARMACY ,CAMP,
AMRAVATI -444602

3. INTRODUCTION
 Obesity means having too much body fat. The obesity and overweight are two
different things. Overweight means weighing too much than the normal. The
human weight is due to bones, muscles, fat, and body water. Both the
conditions, the increased weight is harmful for the health of the human.
 Obesity on the basis of WHO criteria, is defined as the individuals showing
body mass index (BMI) ≥30Kg/m2, is due to an imbalance in which energy
intake increased over energy expenditure for prolonged period, ultimately
resulting in excessive body fat accumulation to degree that adversely affects
health.
 ETIOLOGY OF OBESITY
• Diet , Decreased physical activity,Genetic makeup Disease
condition,Sleeplessness.
Use of Medications
Body Mass Index and weight relation
Sr. No. BMI Indication
01 Less than 18.5 Underweight
02 18.5 to 24.9 Normal
03 25 to 29.9 Overweight
04 30 to 39.9 Obese

4. Complications of Obesity

5. LITREATURE REVIEW
 Krushna K. Zambare et.al (2020) Studied that A Systematic Review on Obesity and
Herbal Anti-obesity Medicines Concluded that The issue of obesity is increasing day by
day. Various parameters play role in developing obesity. The diet management,
lifestyle modification and the physical activity can be useful in reducing obesity. In the
present review we have discussed some of the herbal drugs with their mechanism of
action, which can act promising therapeutic drugs for curing the obesity.
 Prakash Raj Pandeya et.al (2021) studied that Evaluation of Anti-Obesity Activity of an
Herbal Formulation (F2) in DIO Mice Model and Validation of UPLC-DAD Method for
Quality Control Concluded that t the HFD-induced obesity was prevented enough by
the administration of F2 in obese mice. In most of the experiments of the present
study, F2 (46 mg/kg) exhibited similar results to those of the GC (200 mg/kg), including
a reduction in body weight, reduction in food efficiency ratio, and reduction in serum
insulin, blood glucose, serum cholesterols, and triglycerides. Furthermore, F2 had
inhibited adipogenesis in adipose tissues. The possible mechanisms of F2 in preventing
obesity .
 Satyajit Patra et.al (2015) studied that Review of Medicinal Plants for Anti -
Obesity Activity Concluded that The anti-obesity drugs are generally preferred
based on high efficacy and effectiveness. The active exploration of natural
sources has provided new developments based on the understanding of
complex and redundant physiological mechanisms. Such exploration will lead
to a safe and effective pharmacological treatment.

6. PLANT PROFILE
 Plant name : Passion flower
 Scientific name: Passiflora
 Chemical Constituents: Flavonoids(Chrysin ), coumarin ,maltol, indole alkaloids .
Passiflora incarnata

7. DRUG PROFILE
 Drug Category : Anti-inflammatory ,antioxidant ,anti-obesity.
 Molecular Formula :C15H10O4
 IUPAC Name : 5,7-dihydroxyflavone
 colour : yellow
 Molecular weight : 254.24 g/mol
 Melting point : 285.5 ºC
 Boiling point :357.45ºC
 Flash point : 192.5 º C
 Solubility : Sparingly soluble
 Description : Chrysin is the active constituent of Passiflora incarnata .Responsible for the anti-obesity activity.
Chemical structure of Chrysin

8. AIM AND OBJECTIVE
 Aim:
Aim of the present study is to Evaluation of Anti-obesity activity of Passiflora incarnata on
experimental animals.
 Objective:
Passiflora incarnata is well known natural drug/ herbal medicine and is widely used in
treatment of various diseases.
The objective of the present investigation is :
There is an increased incidence of obesity in the current era and we would like to develop
an effective treatment with minimum to no adverse effects. We have chosen the herbal drug for
the evaluation of anti-obesity activity in order to find out the herb which can be used as an
alternative to allopathic medicines. There is no study has been carried out on stem and flower
of Passiflora incarnata so far. Therefore the present study used to evaluate anti-obesity activity
on experimental animal.

9. PLAN OF WORK
Review of literature:
 A systemic attempt shall be made to review the literature including pathophysiology of obesity plant’s biological
source, synonym, botanical description, pharmacological action and therapeutic uses.
Selection of plant
 Plant name : Passiflora incarnata
 Criteria for selection of plant shall be set following the review of literature based on the traditional system of
medicinal plant.
Collection and authentication of plant
 The plant material would be collected from Industry and Authentication of the plant done by botanist to ensure plant
species of Passiflora incarnata on which work is going to carried out.
Phytochemical study
 Phytochemical analysis should be carried out by using various phytochemical test for alkaloids, phenols, glycosyl
flavonoids, chrysin and cyanogenic compounds .
Animal
 Experiments would be performed in accordance with the committee for the purpose of control and supervision of
experimental animals (CPCSEA) guidelines .After the approval of the experimental protocol by the Institutional
Animal Ethical Committee (IAEC).

10. Preparation of animal model
 Animal Model: High fat model in rats.
 Grouping of animals: Animals will be divided into 5 groups containing 6 animals each.
 Route of administration : Oral
 Normal body weight : 150 g -200 g
 Obese body weight : Above 200 g
 Standard drug : Orlistat
 Period to develop obesity :1-7 weeks
 Period of treatment : 1- 7 weeks
Evaluation of anti-obesity activity
 Weight before high fat diet and body weight level measurement should be done on day
1st ,7th ,14th ,21st, 28th ,35th ,42nd of the study with the help of weighing machine.
Result and discussion
Conclusion
References

11. MATERIALS AND METHODS
 Collection and Authentication of plant material
 Experimental animals
 Drugs and chemicals
 Test Drug:(Passiflora incarnata)
 Passiflora incarnata is collected from Natural Hub .

 Standard Drug
 orlistat tablet manufactured in India by sun pharmaceutical ltd and brought from
pharmacy store Amravati.

 Other chemicals
 Saline solution, formalin, chloroform
 The chemicals used and other solutions were all are of analytical grade. All drugs and
reagent were prepared immediately before use.

12.  Preliminary Phytochemical Screening
 Selection of Animal Species & Housing
 Methodology
 Pharmacological Evaluation Parameters for Anti-obesity
 Experimental Design
 Treatment protocol
Sr.
no.
Group No. of
Animals
Treatment and Dose Route of
Administration
1 I 6 Normal Diet Oral
2 II 6 High fat Diet Oral
3 III 6 High fat Diet +Orlistat Oral
4 IV 6 High fat Diet +Moderate dose
of Passiflora Incarnata
(200mg)
Oral
5 V 6 High fat Diet + High dose of
Passiflora Incarnata (400mg)
Oral

13. RESULTS
Results of Phytochemical screening of Passiflora incarnata extract
Plant constituents Test performed Results
Test for alkaloid Mayer’s reagent +
Test for Flavonoids Shidona test +
Test for Amino acid Ninhydrine test +
Test for tannins Ferric chloride test +
Test for protein Biuret test +
Test for fats and oils Solubility test -
Test for polyphenol litmus test +

14. Measurement of Blood Parameters
Parameter Control Group HFD Orlistat Passiflora
incarnata
200 mg/kg
Passiflora
incarnata
400 mg/kg
Total cholesterol 76.83±0.9261 123.2±0.107 84.50±0.459* 103.7±0.67* 93.33±0.25*
Triglycerides 212.7±0.265 281.8±0.248 243±0.260* 268±0.303* 257.5±0.27*
HDL (mg/dL) 56.6±0.175 26.83±0.278 46.67±0.196* 33.83±0.24* 42.6±0.307*
LDL (mg/dL) 31.8±0.213 57.5±0.327 36.83±0.194* 53.5±0.216* 43.3±0.280*
VLDL (mg/dL) 22±0.141 41.67±0.186 27.5±0.242* 38.5±0.242* 34.17±0.14*
SGOT (U/L) 51.8±0.231 96±0.236 61.83±0.231* 78.33±0.13* 68.5±0.242*
SGPT (U/L) 41.17±0.194 82±0.141 48±0.20* 62.5±0.288* 53±0.236*
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) 0.5±0.04 1.9±0.08 1.17±0.9* 0.99±0.12* 0.74±0.19*
Blood glucose (mg/dL) 66.5±0.242 87.5±0.242 72.83±0.194* 83.5±0.327* 78.33±0.23*

15. Weight measurement of animals
Weight measurement was taken after each week as follows:
1ST week
2nd week
3rd week
4th week
5th week
6th week
7th week

16. Comparison Body weight between before and after treatment
weeks
weight
in
gm
W
E
E
K
7
T
H
(
B
E
F
O
R
E
T
R
E
A
T
M
E
N
T
)
W
E
E
K
1
4
T
H
(
A
F
T
E
R
T
R
E
A
T
M
E
N
T
)
0
100
200
300
NEGATIVE CONTROL
POSITIVE CONTROL
STANDARD
TREATMENT 1
TREATMENT 2

17. Effect of Passiflora incarnata on histopathology of liver in rats fed on high fat (HF)
diet
E.HF + EXTRACT OF PI
D.HF+ EXTRACT OF PI
C.HIGH FAT DIET GROUP
B. STANDARD GROUP
A.CONTROL GROUP
A: Normal control showing central veins, portal triads
surrounded by cords of normal looking hepatocytes; C: High-
fat (HF) diet control showing inflammatory cells infiltration,
macrovesicular fatty changes and focal areas of necrosis; B:
Orlistat+high fat diet showing fatty changes; D: Passiflora
incarnata (100 mg/kg)+high fat diet mild congestion less severe
than high fat control group (B); E: Passiflora incarnata (200
mg/kg)+high fat diet showing normal architecture compared to
HF diet control group.
The findings from this study contribute to understanding the
potential therapeutic effects of Passiflora incarnata on various
blood parameters associated with obesity. Further
investigations, including histological examinations, evaluation
of inflammatory markers, and long-term studies, may be
required to comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of
Passiflora incarnata as a potential treatment for obesity and to
elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action.

18. DISCUSSION
 Obesity is a major international public health threat and economic burden. Over the last
3 decades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased rapidly. The latest
World Health Organization estimates that 1.6 billion adults (aged 15 years and above)
were overweight and 400 million were obese in 2005. These figures are predicted to
rise to 2.3 billion overweight and over 700 million obese adults by 2015.
 The present study investigated the effect of Passiflora incarnata on various parameters
associated with obesity, including body weight, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL
(high-density lipoprotein), LDL (low-density lipoprotein), VLDL (very-low-density
lipoprotein), SGOT (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), SGPT (serum
glutamic-pyruvic transaminase), total bilirubin, and blood glucose levels. The analysis
of body weight revealed that treatment with Passiflora incarnata had a significant effect
on weight reduction.
 Overall, the findings of this study indicate that Passiflora incarnata has potential anti-
obesity effects based on the observed reductions in body weight, total cholesterol,
triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, and blood glucose levels.
 These results support further exploration of Passiflora incarnata as a potential
therapeutic agent for obesity management and related metabolic disorders. However, it
is important to conduct additional studies to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and
determine optimal dosages and treatment durations to ensure safety and efficacy.

19. CONCLUSION
 The present study was conducted to assess the anti-obesity effect of Passion flower and stem
isolated from dried plant of Passiflora incarnata.
 Chyrsin , the active component isolated from this plant showed marked anti-obesity effect in rats fed
on HF diet in a dose-dependent manner.
 Passiflora incarnata leads to decrease in body weight, abdominal circumference, lipid profile, fat
deposition indicating the anti-obesity potential of this component equipotent to orlistat without any
toxic effect on the liver in HF-fed rats.
 Anti-obesity effect of Passiflora incarnata can be seen through the inhibition of intestinal
absorption of dietary fat, blocking the fat accumulation and synthesis of fat and its hypolipidemic
activity.
 The present study confirms the basis for the use of this plant (Passiflora incarnata ) in the
traditional medicine for treatment of obesity. In future, this work can be extended by including more
obesity models to confirm the anti-obesity potential of Passiflora incarnata for the meaningful and
tangible conclusion.

20. REFERENCES
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spectral characterization of C-glycosidic flavonoids isolated from a medicinal plant (Passiflora incarnata). J
Chromatogr. 562: 435-446 (1991)
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bryonioides). Alkaloids Planta Medica. 18: 303–314 (1970)
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maltol and ethyl maltol. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 22: 1008–1013 (1974).
8. N.M. Gavasheli, I.I. Moniava and L.I. Eristavi. Oligosaccharides of P. incarnata. Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii.
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10. https://www.verywellmind.com/how-is-passion-flower-used-to-treat-anxiety-3024970

21. PUBLICATIONS