CBSE class 12th biology investigatory projectAlso called:  break bone fever Dengue viruses are the arboviruses capable of infecting humans and causing disease. It is a arthropod borne viral disease. Of all the arthropod borne diseases dengue fewer is most common.

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2. Vishvjeet Yadav
Class 12TH
1349
The Sagar School
PRESENTATION BY

3. Also called: break bone fever
Dengue viruses are the arboviruses capable of infecting humans
and causing disease.
 It is a arthropod borne viral disease. Of all the arthropod borne
diseases dengue fewer is most common.

5.  This is emerging disease of sub-tropical region
 A pandemic in 1998, in which 1.2 millions of
cases of dengue were reported from 56
countries.
 Has greatly extended to a long geographical
areas in last 40 years
 Estimates 50 million infections and at least
12000 deaths each year.

6. According to official estimates, Karnataka
has reported 1,945 cases of
dengue, Gujarat reported 616, Andhra
Pradesh 606 and West Bengal 469, among
other states, till July 2.
The number of dengue cases recorded in Delhi
has touched nearly 100, with 44 of the
infection cases diagnosed here being traced to
other states.

7.  June hasn’t quite arrived, but hospitals across the city
are already witnessing a significant number of dengue
fever cases.
 The only way to control dengue is to control the mosquito, Aedes
aegypti, which spreads the disease.
 June hasn’t quite arrived, but hospitals across the city are already
witnessing a significant number of dengue fever cases. It isn’t
time to hit the panic button just yet, but with numbers rising
across the city, doctors advise caution and prevention. The State
health department reports 44 positive of 123 suspected dengue
cases in the IT city and has begun fogging operations in full
swing all over Bengaluru.

8.  Awareness that dengue can be life-threatening : Bangalore
saw an agree rate of 63%
 Awareness that children are most vulnerable to dengue :
Bangalore saw an agree rate of 88% only
 Awareness that the schools their children attended used
repellents : 52% parents in Bangalore said the schools did
not use them
 81% parents in Bangalore are worried that their children are
more prone to dengue in school
 76% of Bangalore parents agreed that the child’s school
should take the responsibility of educating children about the
risks of dengue

9.  Overall 18% of the respondents were unaware that dengue is
not curable
 56 percent in the south Zone felt that they were most
vulnerable to mosquito bite while sleeping
 83 percent in the soth Zone felt that dengue mosquitoes
entered their homes at night
 Overall 67% of the respondents said liquid vaporisers were the
favourite repellent choice against aerosols, coils, creams and
mats.
 Overall 86% of the respondents said they used repellents at
night

10.  Agent factor
- acute viral infection
- transmitted by mosquitoes eg: Aedes aegypti
- caused by at least 4 serotypes,(1,2,3 &4) of
dengue virus
- can occur epidemically or endemically where
epidemics may be explosive and generally occurs
in rainy season

11. Host factor
- human of all ages and both sexes
- mainly among the children
 Risk factors
Rapid urbanization
Deficient water management
Improper water storage
Proliferation of mosquito breeding sites

12.  Reservoir is both the man and mosquitoes
 Transmission cycle :- Man – mosquito – man,
Aedes aegypti is the main vector
 Other vectors :- Aedes albopictus, Aedes
polynesiensis, and several species of Aedes
 Once the mosquito becomes infective remains
life long

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14.  A very high temperature (usually more than 101 degrees)
without any other infection like throat or urinary tract
infection
 Severe body pain
 Lower back pain
 Pain in calf muscles and thighs
 General weakness
 Red rashes on the body and redness around the eyes
 Signs of bleeding while spitting, coughing, urinating or
passing stools

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16. 1. Asymptomatic
2. Symptomatic
A. Undifferentiated (viral syndrome)
B. Dengue fever syndrome
- without haemorrhage
- unusual haemorrhage
C. Dengue haemorrhagic fever
- plasma leakage (no shock)
- dengue shock syndrome

17. 1. Clinical diagnosis
- Fever : acute onset, high, continuous and lasting 2-7
days
- Haemorrhagic manifestation, includes at least one positive
tourniquet test followed by:
 Petechiae, purpura, echhymoses
 Epistaxis, gum bleeding
 Haematemesis or malaena
- enlargement of liver

18.  Thrombocytopenia (100,000/mm3)
 Haemoconcentration :- haematocrit increased by 20% or
exceeded baseline value

19.  Group A :- patients with uncomplicated disease who may be
sent home
 Group B :- patient for in hospital management
 Group C :- patients who require emergency treatment and
urgent refferal

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21.  Mosquito control :- source contol
 Vaccines :- so far there is no satisfactory vaccine and no
immediate prospect for preventing the disease by
immunization
 Avoid standing close to a logged water body and ensure that
such water bodies don’t remain logged for too long
 Other measures :- PPE, repellents, coils, mats, full sleeves,
bednets etcs….

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23.  Dengue mosquitoes are different from the malaria
mosquitoes!
 There is neither specific medication neither vaccine
for dengue.
 The only way to control the disease is to control the
mosquito, Aedes aegypti, which spreads the disease.
 Dengue mosquitoes are very active during the day
and therefore it becomes imperative to safeguard
oneself at this time.
 Children are the most vulnerable at this time, as they
are at school or in the playground and away from
home.

24.  Dengue is most commonly reported from June to October when
the viral load is high and gradually the rate of transmission falls,
but in Bengaluru there is no season as such for the disease, which
is reported all through the year here owing to environmental
reasons, rising construction activity and other factors.
 Advising caution against the disease at all times therefore, Dr
Veeranna Gowda , HoD of the Medicine Department at Victoria
Hospital says people cannot always look to the government for
solutions and must take care themselves. “Universal precautions
for prevention should be taken like preventing fresh water
collection, use of mosquito nets and keeping your surroundings
clean," he underlines.

25.  “Both the public and the BBMP need to take measures to
make mosquito control effective. While people should not
allow water to stagnate in their immediate surroundings, the
BBMP must ensure that the drains are clear to allow free flow
of water and there is no garbage mess in the city," stresses Dr
Shankar Prasad, Medical Director of St Philomena's.
 However, advising against panic, Dr Shankar V, MD (Internal
Medicine) of Manipal Hospital, Malleswaram, notes that as
long as a patient’s platelet count is maintained, there cannot be
major complications from the disease. “Dengue is a problem
mainly for high-risk groups and people who have other health
conditions,” he explains.

26. BENGALURU:
 In the wake of increasing number of dengue cases being reported
from different parts of Karnataka, the director of health and family
welfare has directed all the staff at district, taluk, primary health
centre levels to attend work on July 8 andJuly9.
 A related circular issued on Tuesday directs the health department
staff to open temporary clinics at places where suspected dengue
cases are being reported. Senior officials have been directed to
conduct field trips to ensure mosquito control measures are put in
place and conduct group discussions to create awareness about the
dengueprevention.

27. NEW DELHI:
 With the onset of monsoons, the Centre on Tuesday held a review
meet to evaluate preparedness to tackle the surge in vector-borne
diseases across the country.
 The meeting, chaired by Union health minister JP Nadda, was
attended by health secretary C K Mishra, Indian Council of
Medical Research (ICMR) Director General Soumya
Swaminathan, senior officials of the National Vector Borne
Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) and other institutions.
 Over 18,700 cases of dengue have been reported in the country this
year. The maximum number of cases have been reported in Kerala
with 9,104 followed by Tamil Nadu with 4,174 till July 2.

28.  The health ministry also held a separate review meet for Delhi.
"We have already held three video-conferences on this matter
and issued 13 advisories. The Secretary (Health) will soon
hold video conferences with other states," Nadda said.
 Mishra said Kerala is battling a multiple onslaught of dengue,
malaria and other such diseases due to early arrival of
monsoon.
 "We had already sent a team there and it has come back after
assessing the situation. But, no request has come from Kerala
on this matter. The state has a robust health mechanism
though," he said.

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32.  https://search.cdc.gov/search?query=dengue+trend&utf8=%E2%9C%93
&affiliate=cdc-main
 http://search.who.int/search?q=dengue&ie=utf8&site=who&client=_en_
r&proxystylesheet=_en_r&output=xml_no_dtd&oe=utf8&getfields=doct
ype
 http://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/health-and
wellbeing/260516/bengaluru-bitten-rain-brings-back-dengue.html
 http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/DENGUE
 http://www.dnaindia.com/topic/dengue
 http://www.denguevirusnet.com/breaking-dengue-news.html
 http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/health-department-
staff-to-work-this-weekend-to-fight-
dengue/articleshow/59446370.cms
 http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/meeting-to-check-dengue-
preparedness-across-the-country/articleshow/59445669.cms
 https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/dengue-fever-sri-s