This document provides an overview of night vision technology, including its history, technical techniques, devices, benefits, challenges, applications, and future scope. It discusses how night vision works through two main methods: image enhancement, which amplifies available light including infrared light, and thermal imaging, which detects infrared radiation emitted as heat. The history section notes that early night vision used searchlights and infrared filters, while current devices include night scopes, goggles, and cameras. Benefits include long-distance vision at night while challenges include potential eye damage and inability to see full color images. Applications span military, hunting, security, and wildlife observation.

1. Night Vision Technology
Dharmendra Sinha
CSE 4th Year

2. Contents
• Introduction
• History
• Technical Techniques
• How Image Intensifier works?
• How Thermal Imaging Works?
• Near Infrared illumination
• Night Vision Devices
• Benefits
• Challenges
• Applications
• Future Scope
• Conclusion
• References

3. Introduction
• Night vision is used to locate an object which is 200 yards
away even in moonless, cloudy night.
• Night vision can work into two different ways, depending
on the technology used
• They are image enhancement and thermal imaging. Image
enhancement works by collecting lower portion of infrared
light spectrum
• Thermal imaging operates by capturing the upper portion
of the infrared light spectrum

4. History
• Pre 1940’s: Flares and spot lights were used
for operations at night.
• The first night vision devices (NVD) were
created during World war-II.
• Functioned by placing an infrared filter over a
searchlight.

5. A tank from World War II equipped with a
search light used for night combat.

6. Technical Techniques
Image Enhancement
Thermal Imaging
Near Infrared illumination

7. Image Enhancement
This works by collecting the tiny amounts of light,
including the lower portion of the infrared light
spectrum and amplifying it to the point that we can
easily observe the image.
It requires some light.

8. How It Works ?

9. Thermal Imaging
This technology operates by capturing the upper portion
of the infrared light spectrum, which is emitted as heat
by objects instead of simply reflected as light. Hotter
objects, such as warm bodies, emit more of this light
than cooler objects like trees or buildings.
It does not require any light.

10. How It Works ?

11. Near Infrared illumination
Near-infrared illumination is a method of night
vision wherein a device that is sensitive to invisible
near infrared radiation is used in conjunction with
an infrared illuminator.
Like thermal imaging, near-infrared
illumination may provide visibility in fog, rain and
snow.

12. Night Vision Devices
It can be splitted in three broad categories:

13. Night Scopes

14. Goggles

15. Cameras

16. Benefits
• Distant vision in night is possible
• Detection of objects in absolute darkness
• Less affected by temperature variation

17. Challenges
• You can get blind if u look at something
bright.
• We can’t see full colored image.
• Night Vision devices are costly.

18. Applications
• Military
• Hunting
• Wildlife observation
• Surveillance
• Security
• Hidden-object detection

19. Future Scope
• It may allow soldiers to share images of
what they see with other soldiers who may
be miles away.
• Scientists are experimenting with
Panoramic Night Vision Goggles (PNVGs)
which double the user's field of view to
around 95 degrees

20. Conclusion
Today in the 21st
century we have come a long way in
the development of night vision technology, from the
early 1940’s.
In present scenario the applications of night vision
technology is very essential to combat terrorism which
is a major problem being faced by mankind.

21. References
• Wikipedia
• Youtube
• sofradirec.com/hownightvisionworks
• howstuffworks.com
• www.opticsplanet.com/nightvision.html

22. Thank you
Any Queries ??