In this Slides, Information about Different types of Silk Reeling Devices and Machines starting from old Charka to the modern world's Automated Reeling Machine (ARM) has been furnished. Principles and Parts of those silk reeling machines also included. Advantages and disadvantages of reeling devices will help us to understand the need of evolution of the machines from Charka to ARM.

1. DIFFERENT TYPES OF REELING DEVICES

2. SILK REELING
 Unwinding of silk filament from the cocoon with the help of a reeling
machine.
 Process of finding the right end of the cocoon filament and jointly taking
several ends together to reel raw silk.
 The reeling process is carried in two ways.
1. Direct reeling on standard reels.
2. Indirect reeling includes preliminary reeling on small sized reels
and transferring the reeled silk from the reels to standard sized reels on re-
reeling machines.

3. REELING OPERATIONS
 FORMATION OF THREAD
- Required number of baves are taken to form standard size of raw
silk.

4.  Button or Jettebout - The baves are combined and passed through the
guide-eye of a trader
 Croissure - The baves coming out button is passed over two or three small
wheels or pulleys during which the filaments are twisted properly.
 Rose or rosette - A group of cocoons from which the standard thread is
formed at each end
 End - Each place in the reeling basin where a thread is formed.
 Balloon - At this point the thread along with cocoons form a shape of cone

5. JETTEBOUT
 In order to maintain regularity of size and continuity of silk thread the
reeler has to attach fresh filaments.
 Charka - Tharapatti - Metallic rod with a number of holes in it.
 Cottage basin and filature units - Porcelain buttons - (differing in hole
sizes)
 Jettebout- Ordinary Porcelain button thread guide + Automatic thread
catcher - The baves are combined and passed through it.

6. CROISSURE
 The intertwining or crossing of two threads is made by twisting the threads
in a series of spirals during its passage from the threader to the reel.
 Silk thread - Round, smooth and compactly cemented with an even coating
of sericin, Reduces baves break in manufacturing of fabric.
- Squeezes most of the water contained in the filament - Reduces
defects like hand gum spots.
 Types:
- Chambon type - Simple and primitive, Charkha reeling
- Tavellette type - Universally accepted in modern methods of reeling.

7. CROISSURE TYPES
CHAMBON TYPE
TRAVELLETTE TYPE

8. REELING DEVICES
 Hand Spinning wheel
 Traditional charka
 Cottage basins/domestic basins
 Multi-end reeling basins
 Semi-automatic reeling machines
 Automatic reeling machine.

9. EPPROUVETTE
 Purpose: To Make small Silk hanks of Standard Length which is used to
determine the Denier of the thread.
 Specifications: The Epprovate is hand operated and is fitted with an
Analog Revolution Counter which can be preset.
- The circumference of the reel is I .125 Meters accurately

10. HAND SPINNING WHEEL
 This primitive spinning apparatus is operated by two hands – one to drive
the wheel and the other to feed in cocoons.
 One end of the reeling thread is wound onto each wheel, while cocoons
are boiled in a separate pot.

11. TRADITIONAL CHARKA (COUNTRY CHARKA)
 Manually operated reeling machine extensively used in the cottage reeling
sector of the Indian reeling industry.
 Parts –
1.Mud platform - Rectangular shape measuring about 60 x120x90 Cms
- Built-in fire place with a basin fitted over it.
2. Basin - Both cooking and reeling operations.
3. Thread guide (tharpatti) - metallic strip with apertures on it.
4. Distributor - Wheel , Traverse rod (Thread guide)
5. Charka reel

12. PROCESS
Take a handful of cocoons and keep it in the water in the basin and cooks them.
Collect the ends of all the cocoons with the help of a stick.
Take required number of filaments for passing through the tharpatti.
Two threads are interwined in the form of a croissure through the distributor guide.
The thread so formed is attached to the reel and is rotated manually by a separate
turner.

13. ADVANTAGES
 Yield of silk from a cocoon unit is more - Renditta will be less.
 only one type of waste - charkha reelers waste.
DISADVANTAGES
 It is not possible to produce high grade or fine quality of silk as the denier
will not be uniform.
 Raw silk obtained will be dull in colour.
 Number of loose ends in the silk reeled
results in more winding breaks and winding
waste.
CONTD.,

14. DOMESTIC BASIN REELING MACHINE
 Parts - Two reeling basins , one cooking basin fixed on a platform of
convenient height.
 The cooking basin is fixed exactly in front of the two-reeling basin unit to
facilitate cooking as well as transferring of the cooked cocoons to the
reeling basin.
 The system of single pan cooking is followed and the cooked cocoons are
transferred to the reeling basin.

15. COTTAGE BASIN REELING MACHINE
 A separate cooking unit – 3/4 cooking basins.
 Parts :
1. Reel bench – 4-6 Reeling basins (45x 25 7.5 cms).
2. Transmission Shaft – Croissure frame , Drive wheel
3. Jettebout - For each basin
4. Reel Frame - 4-6 Reel ends / Each basin
 The reels are driven by drive wheels fitted on a common transmission
shaft

17. MULTI-END REELING MACHINE
 It has a slow speed reeling and thread production on small reels with multi-
end.
 Parts:
1. Reeling basin - Rectangular , 10-12 cms, Deep - outer edges well rounded.
- Made of copper and is tinned inside.
- The basin is served by a built-in overflow drain.
- Each basin has many jettebout as there are reeling ends.
2. Main shaft
3. Carrier shaft – Driven by connecting gears from main shaft
- Provided with the Mechanical break
4. Reels - Small size (Circumference - 60-75cm)
- Stop motion device/each reel (Large slugs in the silk thread)

18. CONTD.,
ADVANTAGES:
 Minimizes thread breaks, Re-reeling is easier and less waste.
 It provides a silk of improved quality.
 The reeler is not strained in the performance of the reeling operation.
 Provided with speed regulators, Made free from vibration to ensure better
durability.

19. AUTOMATIC REELING MACHINES
 Size detector :
Provided with a denier controlling mechanism through which the
size of the thread is controlled by the change of the friction of the reeling
thread passing through a slot between two discs.
 Rotary/fixed type supplier:
- To Supply the cocoons to the feeding apparatus.
- In both types, and indication by the size detector, the cocoons are
supplied, one by one.

20.  Automatic end picking apparatus :
- The mechanism is of two types.
- In one type, the apparatus for feeding the ends circulates around
the reeling parts
- In the other type the apparatus is fixed in position.
 Others - variable speed motor, cocoon conveyor, stop motion of small reel,
rotation calculator, Dropped cocoon gatherer and Separator of dropped
cocoons etc.
CONTD.,

21. ADVANTAGES:
 Maintenance of uniformity in size
 Higher productivity and the product is generally of superior quality-neat
and clean.
 The labour requirement in the automatic reeling system is also much less.
DISADVANTAGES:
 Establishment and installation
is Expensive
CONTD.,

22. SEMI-AUTOMATIC REELING MACHINES
 This process is the same as in case of the automatic reeling machine
except that the cocoons are supplied manually for reeling.

23. REFERENCE
 Adita Agarwal, Silk Reeling Technology , 142p
 Silk reeling and testing manual, Website – http://www.fao.org
 IMPROVED REELING MACHINE - Central Sericultural Research and Training
Institute ...http://www.csrtimys.res.in

24. THANK YOU