helpful for nursing and other students

1. HEALTH TALK ON PREVENTION
OF DEHYDRATION

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 DEFINITION
 TYPES OF DE-HYDRATION
 CAUSES
 EARLY SIGNS
 SYMPTOMS OF DEHYDRATION
 RISK FACTORS
 PREVENTION OF HEAT ILLNESS
 INVESTIGATION
 TREATMENT
 ADDITIONAL THERAPIES
 DIET TO PREVENT DE-HYDRATION
 CONCLUSION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

3. INTRODUCTION
The human body is roughly 75 percent water. Without this water, it
cannot survive. Water is found inside cells, within blood vessels, and
between cells . A sophisticated water management system keeps our water
levels balanced, and our thirst mechanism tells us when we need to
increase fluid intake . Although water is constantly lost throughout the
day as we breathe, sweat, urinate, and defecate, we can replenish the
water in our body by drinking fluids. The body can also move water
around to areas where it is needed most if dehydration begins to occur.
Most occurrences of dehydration can be easily reversed by increasing
fluid intake, but severe cases of dehydration require immediate medical
attention.

4. DEFINITION
Dehydration means volume depletion that occurs when
fluid loss from the extracellular space at the rate that
exceeds intake.

5. TYPES OF DEHYDRATION
DEHYDRATION
HYPONATREMIC HYPERNATREMIC

6. CAUSES
 Dehydration is most often caused by a viral infection that
causes fever, diarrhoea, vomiting and a decreased ability
to drink or eat. Common viral infection causing virus is
Rotavirus.
 Sometimes sores in a child’s mouth caused by a virus
make it painful to eat or drink, helping to cause or
worsen dehydration.
 Increased sweating from a very hot environment can
cause dehydration.
 Excessive urination caused by unrecognised or poorly
treated Diabetes(not taking insulin) and diabetes
insipidus.

7. EARLY SIGNS
 Fatigue
 Thirst
 Dry lips & tongue
 Lack of energy
 Feeling overheated.

8. SYMPTOMS OF DEHYDRATION
 Symptoms in adults:
1. Dry mouth
2. Lethargy
3. Weakness in muscles
4. Headache
5. Dizziness
6. Lack of sweating
7. Sunken eyes
8. Low blood pressure
9. Increased heart rate
10. Fever(sometimes)
11. unconciousness

9. SYMPTOMS OF DEHYDRATION
 Symptoms in children:
1. A sunken fontanel(soft spot on the top of the head)
2. Dry tongue and mouth
3. Irritable
4. No tears when crying
5. Sunken cheeks and/or eyes
6. No wet diaper for 3 or more hours.

10. RISK FACTORS
 Prolonged exposure to high temperature .
 Prolonged exposure to direct sun.
 Prolonged exposure to high humidity.
 Insufficient rest.
 Insufficient fluid intake.

11. PREVENTION OF HEAT ILLNESS
 Drink cool water & healthy sports drinks early &
often.
 Be fully hydrated before going out to work.
 During work or game make sure you or your child
takes regular breaks to drink fluids.

12. INVESTIGATION
 A full blood count may identify seriousness and
type of infection.
 Blood cultures may identify the type of bacterial
infection.
 Blood chemistry may identify any electrolyte
abnormality caused by vomiting and diarrhoea, and
may identify serious imbalances in body chemistry
caused by illness.
 Urinalysis may identify bladder infection, give
evidence of severity of dehydration.
 Stool examination.

13. TREATMENT
Patients with minimal to mild volume depletion
should be encouraged to continue an age-appropriate
diet and adequate intake of oral fluids. Oral
rehydration solution( ORS) should be used. children
should given sips of ORS( 5ml or 1 teaspoon) every 2
minutes. The goal should be to drink 10ml/kg body
weight for each watery stool and estimate volume of
emesis for each episode of vomiting.

15. ADDITIONAL THERAPIES
 Antimotility agents
 Antibiotic therapy
 Zinc supplementation

16. DIET TO PREVENT DE-HYDRATION
This vegetables can help to prevent dehydration-
1. Lettuce
2. Cucumber
3. Radish
4. Carrots
5. Coconuts
6. Spinach
7. Watermelon
8. Broccoli
9. Grapefruit
10. Strawberry

17. CONCLUSIONS
Dehydration had negative effects on vigor, esteem-related affect, short-
term memory, and attention. Rehydration after water supplementation
improved fatigue, TMD, short-term memory, attention, and reaction. Our
results confirm that drawing attention to the importance of water intake
and hydration is necessary. Water-related health education should be
provided effectively to advocate drinking adequate amounts of water and
maintaining a state of optimal hydration.

18. 1 . F O O D D E H Y D R A T I O N - T H E U L T I M A T E
R E C I P E G U I D E B Y J E S S I C A D R Y H E R .
2 . W I K I P E D I A
BIBLIOGRAPHY