This presentation helps in the preparation of FACT and FACT Plus Examination 2018. This contains some basic information about forensic science.

2. WHAT IS FORENSIC SCIENCE?
…the application of science to those criminal and civil laws that are
enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system.

3. FORENSIC SCIENCE IS…
Applied Science
Often called “criminalistics”

4. FORENSIC SCIENCE APPLIES
Chemistry
Biology
Physics
Geology
Places physical evidence into a professional discipline.
to civil and criminal law}

6. SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE
Popularized physical detection methods in a crime scene
Developed the character Sherlock Holmes

7. MATHIEU ORFILA (1787 – 1853)
Father of Forensic Toxicology
1814 - Treatise on detection of poisons & their effects on
animals.

8. ALPHONSE BERTILLON (1853 – 1914)
Father of Criminal Detection
Devised the first scientific system of personal identification, using body
measurements known as anthropometry in 1879.

9. FRANCIS GALTON (1822 – 1911)
Conducted the first definitive study of fingerprints and their classification.
1892 – Treatise entitled Finger Prints

10. LEONE LATTES (1887 – 1954)
Devised a simple procedure for
determining the blood type (A,B,O,AB)
of a dried bloodstain

11. CALVIN GODDARD (1891 – 1955)
Used a comparison microscope to determine if a bullet was fired from a specific
gun
Published study of “tool marks” on bullets

12. ALBERT S. OSBORN (1858 – 1946)
Developed fundamental principles of document examination
 1910 – Treatise Questioned Documents
Was responsible for the acceptance of documents as scientific evidence by
the courts

13. EDMOND LOCARD (1877 – 1966)
Demonstrated how the principles
developed by Hans Gross could
be incorporated into a workable
crime lab.
Locard's exchange principle states
that once contact is made
between two surfaces a transfer
of material(s) will occur.

15. Analysis of Physical Evidence
 The forensic scientist must be skilled in applying the
principles and techniques of the physical and natural
sciences in order to identify the many types of evidence
that may be recovered during crime investigations.
Expert witness
 An expert witness possesses a particular skill or has
knowledge in a trade or profession that will aid the court
in determining the truth.

16. □ Training in Proper Recognition,
Collection, and Preservation of
Evidence is required so that
the forensic pathologist, as the
medical examiner or coroner,
can determine the cause of
death via an autopsy.

17. Death can be classified into five different
categories: natural death, homicide, suicide,
accident or undetermined manner of death.
Forensic Pathology
 The cause of death can often be determined by performing an autopsy

19. Can include organic and inorganic analytical techniques
 Organic analysis of unknown substances
 Includes analytical techniques such as Chromatography, UV- visible and
infrared Spectrophotometry and Mass Spectrometry.
 Inorganic analysis
 Includes techniques such as the emission spectrum of elements, Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometry, Neutron Activation Analysis, and X-Ray
Diffraction Analysis.

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