Forensic investigation in pakistan

1. Asadullah Malik

2. Introduction
 National Forensic Science Agency (NFSA) is a project
under the National Police Bureau, Ministry of interior,
Govt. of Pakistan.
 The agency provides forensic services, training and
guidance to Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs),
Government Departments .
 Forensic Science Laboratories have been established to
improve criminal detection facilities in Pakistan and also
to enhance the capacity of law enforcement agencies
through training and by provided them with latest
criminal investigation techniques using modern scientific
tools.

3. What is Forensic Science?
 Forensic science means applying scientific methods and
processes to solving crimes.
 Is becoming one of the most important crime fighting
tools available to the criminal justice community

4. Forensic Science Laboratory
 National Forensic Science Agency, Islamabad
(DNA)
 Forensic Science Laboratory, Islamabad
 Forensic Science Laboratory, Lahore
 Forensic Science Laboratory, Karachi
 Forensic Science Laboratory, Quetta
 Forensic Science Laboratory, Peshawar

5. Types of Forensic
Investigation
 Digital Forensics
 Narcotics
 Toxicology
 DNA and Serology
 Pathology
 Finger Print
 Trace Chemistry
 Forensic Photography

6. Digital Forensics
 The science to investigate, extract, analyse and report the
findings of digital evidence is known as Digital Forensics.
 The digital devices such as smart phones, laptops and
tablets are an essential part of our life, and we control our
virtual life though these devices.
 Information these devices generate can be potential
evidence in investigation and help solve complex criminal
cases.

7. Categories Digital Forensics
 Audio Visual Analysis
 Computer Forensics
 Mobile Forensics

8. Audio Visual Analysis
 Audio / Visual Analysis Unit will deal with the scientific examination,
comparison and/or evaluation of audio and video evidence in legal matters.
The Audio Visual Analysis Department will be equipped with latest forensic
tools for audio and video analysis
 Clarification of Audio evidence using different noise reduction and other
method
 Clarification of Video evidence for identification and association of
different events happened by video surveillance systems.
 Video forensics reliably digitizes video tape footage onto a computer
system, be able to separate camera views form
multiplexed CCTV footage, convert digital video from DVR devices into
digital video formats usable for forensic analysis.

9. Computer Forensics
 Scientific examination and analysis of Digital Storage
Media for example hard drives, USB,, CD/DVD etc.
 The goal of computer forensics is to examine digital
media in a forensically sound manner with the aim of
identifying, preserving, recovering, analyzing and
presenting facts and opinions about the information.
 Recovery of deleted digital data (Software/Hrdware).

10. Mobile Forensics
 Mobile device forensics is a branch of digital
forensics relating to recovery of digital evidence
or data from a mobile device under forensically
sound conditions.
 Retrieve/acquire evidence from digital media.

11. Narcotics
• Forensic Narcotics covers illegal drugs.
• Drugs that cause addiction, habituation and make
change in perceptions

12. Toxicology
• Toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of
chemicals on living organisms.
• Forensic toxicology takes it a step further by
encompassing the measurement of alcohol, drugs
and other toxic substances in biological
specimens and interpretation of such results in a
medico legal context.

13. Serology and DNA
• The term ‘Serology’ referred to the non-cellular part of
the blood, hence serology calls out analyzing blood in
mind whenever the term is used; but in addition to blood
evidence, Forensic Serologist also conducts chemical
examinations of other body fluids e.g. semen and saliva.

14. DNA
• Clean and dry Bone OR plucked nails OR plucked teeth
or plucked hair (order of preference)
• DNA profiles of the crime scene evidence and suspects
are matched with each other to identify the perpetrator of
the crime.
• Original exhibit containing blood, semen or saliva stain if
the exhibit is portable OR swab taken from the place of
occurrence

15. DNA
 Murder
 Rape
 Accidents
 Crimes against property

16. DNA
 Clothes
 Items of personal use
 Facial tissue, cotton swab
 Toothpick
 Used cigarette butt
 Stamp or envelope
 Bottle, can, or glass
 Bite mark
 Bones, Teeth ,Hair

17. Case
• 22 May 2011
• Attack on Pakistan Naval Shipping Mehran Base.
DNA tests were carried out to identify the
terrorists . But it was found that the terrorists
were not registered Pakistanis because their
profiles were not matched with the NADRA
database

18. Pathology
 The Department of Forensic Pathology is
responsible for determining the cause and
manner of death
Investigation of sudden, violent, suspicious and unexpected deaths
 Services Provided by Forensic Pathology
Department
 Well established and state of the art autopsy hall is available for
postmortem examination.
 Forensic pathology also has an additional autopsy room for the
postmortem of decomposed bodies.

19. Pathology
 Fixed and mobile X-ray units are available to take x- rays
of the desired parts of the dead body.
 PFSA provides Forensic Histopathology( microscopic
examination of tissue) services
 Determines the absence or presence of drugs and their
metabolites, chemicals and factor in the cause and manner
of death.

20. Finger Print
 Patent prints can be found on a wide variety of surfaces:
smooth or rough, porous (such as paper, cloth or wood) or
nonporous (such as metal, glass or plastic)
 Latent prints are formed when the body's natural oils
and sweat on the skin are deposited onto another surface.
 It is not usually visible to the naked eye but may be
detected with special techniques such as dusting with fine
powder and then lifting the pattern of powder with
transparent tape.
 No two persons can have the same fingerprints and
therefore it is a perfect mean of personal identification.

21. FINGERPRINT USED
 FINGERPRINT TECHNIQUE MOSTLY
USED IN
 BANK ROBBERY,DACOITY
 HOUSE BREAKING
 THEFT
 TERRORIST ACTIVITES
 BOMB DISPOSABLE SQUADS
 SMUGGLING
 FORGING DOCUMENTS
 TRACING DNA- PROVE RELATION

22. Trace Chemistry
 “Trace materials that could be transferred during the
commission of a violent crime.”
 Trace evidence can be analyzed both physically and
chemically
 At a crime scene, there are often tiny fragments of
physical evidence such as hairs, fibers from clothing or
carpeting, or pieces of glass that can help tell the story of
what happened.

23.  Forensic photography, also referred to as crime
scene photography
 Their photos are used to analyze and prepare
reports about a crime and may be submitted as
evidence in court cases
 Crime scene photographers, also known as
forensic photographers
Forensic Photography

24. Forensic Photography
Three types of photography
 Overviews
 Mid range
 Closeup