In this presentation, we'll explore the classification of ornamental plants, delving into their diverse categories and unique characteristics. This presentation serves as a short illuminating guide for horticulture enthusiasts and agriculture students to help them with a better understanding of ornamentals.

1. Assignment
SAM HIGGINBOTTOM
UNIVERSITY OF
AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY
AND SCIENCES
Subject:- Landscaping
Code:- HORT-605

2. CLASSIFICATION OF
ORNAMENTAL
PLANTS

3. Ornamental Plants…
• Ornamental plants are mostly grown for their exquisite blooms and are a source of major
attraction for many gardens. Several such ornamental gardens usually prefer a wide
variety of flowering plants so that the garden is continuously in flower through the year
during spring, summer, monsoon and winter.
• Several types of plants representing predominantly angiospermic plant families, some
selected gymnosperms and pteridophytes (such as ferns) are most commonly grown that
have colorful flowers, foliages, shapes, fragrance or aroma, spectacular morphological
characters that are visibly attractive are usually selected.
• Ornamental plants could be either herbs, shrubs or tress, lianas and creepers, terrestrial
and aquatic in habit and that could have originated in a wide variety of habitats
representing different ecosystems and environments. Several ornamental plants are
commonly known or their exquisite beauties such as gardenia, pansy, bougainvilleas,
mussaendas, roses, narcissus, daisies, petunias, dahlia, chrysanthemum, gerbera, aster,
cosmos, gladiolus, sunflowers, pansy, different lilies, amarylids, orchids colorful
ornamental grasses and aroids.

4. Classification of Ornamental Plants…
Ornamental Plants can be classified as follows:-
• Trees
• Shrubs
• Annuals
• Herbacious plants
• Climbers and climbers
• Succelents and cactus
• Bulbous plants
• Palms
• Ferns
• Cycade
• Aquatic plants
• Indoor plants
• Grasses

5. 1.TREES
• Trees are perrenial plant with a clear cut elongated stem or trunk supporting branches and
leaves
• Trees are very fascinating because of their graceful appearance and the abundance of bloom.
• They are grown for their economic importance or aesthetic value or both.
• The cultivation of trees for their aesthetic or recreational value is known as arboriculture.
• Trees should be planted carefully and thoughtfully for the benefit of height, shade, colour
and vertical emphasis.
• They also plays an important role in controlling air and noise pollution in cities.
• Trees form the main framework of the garden.
• Some trees produce attractive and beautiful flowers including fragrant flowers .Some trees
have attractive foliage
• Some trees are known for their peculiar shape or form which is used as specimen trees.

6. FEW EXAMPLES OF
TREES ARE AS
FOLLOWS:-
• Cassia fistula (The Indian
laburnum)
• Lagerstroemia speciosa (Pride
of India)
• Erythrina variegata (Indian
coral tree)
• Saraca asoca (Sita Ashok)
• Cochlospermum religiosum
(Yellow silk cotton tree)

7. 2.Shrubs
• Shrubs are defined as woody or semi woody perennial plants, the
branches of which arise from the base of the plant and grow up to
a height ranging from 50 cm to 4 m.
• Shrubs are very important garden components not only because of
the large number of cultivated species and varieties but also due to
the wide range of variation in the shape and size of the plants,
handsome foliage, richly coloured flowers, ease in propagation
and suitability to grow in varied climatic conditions.
• They become an integral part of the garden, being permanent
characters.

8. Examples of
Ornamental
shrubs are:-
• Hibiscus
• Bougainvillea
• Ixora
• Mussanda
• Night queen

9. 3.Annuals
• Annuals are the group of plants which complete their life cycle in one season or one year.
• They are easily grown plants. They vary widely in form, habit, colour and size of flowers.
• They beautify the surroundings and exhibit a good show of blooms at low cost and labour.
• They bring a change in the look of the garden with change in the season and keep gardeners
busy in raising them throughout the year.
• They can be grown according to there required purpose like:
1. Bedding purpose
2. Fragrant flowers
3. For cut flowers
4. For loose flower
5. For hanging basket
6. For rock garden
7. For screening
8. For pots
9. For dry flowers

10. Examples of
flowering
annuals are:-
• Marigold
• Sunflower
• Cosmos
• Pansy
• Primrose

11. 4.Herbaceous Plant
• These are perennial plants with soft succulent stems . They don’t have
Woody portion.
• They are harder than annuals and easy to grow.Some of them bloom for
considerable part of the year if not throughout.
• They are propagated by seeds, cuttings, offset and slips.
• They are useful as herbaceous or mixed borders or for pot culture.

12. Examples of
herbaceous
plants are:-
• Chrysanthemum
• Gazinia
• Gerbera
• Perstemon
• Solidaga

13. 5.Climbers and creepers
• Botanically, plants which have special structures to climb on supports are defined
as climbers.
• Plants which creep or climb on a surface with their rootlets are called creepers.
Such plants are generally trained over stone or brick walls.
• Climbers are very important ornamental plants in landscaping which add beauty
and colour to gardens.
• Bare walls can be most effectively decorated by growing colourful climbers on
them.
• Trees are also used to train the climbers and this enhances the beauty of garden
many folds.

14. Examples of
Climbers and
Creepers are:-
• Blue morning glory (Ipomoea
indica)
• Devil’s ivy (Epipremnum
aureum)
• Star
jasmine (Trachelospermum
jasminoides)
• Flame vine (Pyrostegia
venusta)
• Bleeding heart
vine (Clerodendrum
thomsoniae)

15. 6. Succelents and Cactus
• Cacti and succulents are a group of plants which have special structures to
store water in thick fleshy leaves or stems.
• They thrive best in sunny situations and are light loving. They need little
care except when actively growing.
• There is a clear distinction between both. Cactus is characterized by the
presence of areoles, which often look like woolly cushions carrying spines,
hairs or glochids and the flowers arise from or near the areoles.
• All the cacti are succulents on account of storing water but all the
succulents are not cacti. Cacti and succulents are very popular amongst
gardeners and they are used to adorn sunny situations of gardens, houses,
window sides and rock gardens.

16. Examples of
Succulents and
Cacti are:-
• Zebra
Haworthia(Haworthiopsis
attenuata)
• Adenium Desert
Rose(Adenium obesum)
• Love Plant(Hoya Kerri)
• Moon
Cactus(Gymnocalycium
mihanovichii)
• Jade Plant(Crassula ovata)

17. 7.Bulbous Plants
• Ornamental bulbous plants, often called ornamental bulbs or
just bulbs in gardening and horticulture, are herbaceous perennials grown for
ornamental purposes, which have underground or near ground storage organs.
• Bulb species are traditionally planted in flowerbeds (parterres) and herbaceous
borders in parks and gardens.
• The selection of species to plant depends on various factors, such as the soil type,
the position (sunny or shady location), the colour or effect that is required and the
season of the year when the plants are required to flower.

18. Examples of
bulbous plants:-
• Oxalis species
• tiger lily
• sword
lily(Gladiolus)
• Tuberose
• lilium

19. 8. Palm
• Palms are mainly tropical plants known for their tall, unbranched
trunks topped by a crownn of fan-shaped or feathery fronds which
are sculpturistic in nature.
• The Palmae family has more than 200 genera and 3000 species.
They are suitable for outdoor planting as well for indoors.

20. Examples of
Palms
• Areca Palm(Areca
lutescens)
• Chinese
Fan Palm (Livistona
Chinesis)
• Flamethrower palm
(Chambeyronia
Macrocarpa)
• Lipstick palm
(Cyrtostachys Renda)
• Royal palm(Oreodoxaa
regia)

21. 9. Fern
• Ferns are foliage plants distinguished from almost all other plants in that they do
not produce flowers and seeds but reproduce by means of spores.
• These flowerless plants belong to several different families and yet they have many
common characteristics.
• Ferns are extremely forgiving and have an incredibly strong survival instinct.
• Ferns will grow where other plants fail to thrive and most do well in rich, well-
drained soil with an abundance of organic matter.
• Planting a fern garden outdoors requires minimal attention other than regular
mulching and water during very dry periods.
• Few pests bother ferns other than the passing slug, which will devour nearly
anything.

22. Examples
of Ferns:-
• Venus hair fern
(Adiantum capillus)
• Australian maiden
hair (A.hispidulum)
• Largeleaf
Maidenhair(Adiantu
m macrophyllum)
• Lady Fern(Athyrium
filix-femina)
• Asparagus
Fern(Asparagus
setaceus)

23. 10. Cycade
• Cycads look like palms but have no botanical relationship with them.
• Very often they are referred to as palms but these plants have nothing in common
with palms except the general habit of growth.
• Cycads belong to the family Cycadaceae and hence are commonly referred to as
cycads.
• The general cultivation of cycads is similar to that palms and similar types of soil
and climate will suit them.
• Most of the plants in this group are slow in growth and prefer partial shade when
grown in the tropics while in the hills these may have to be grown under glass.
• They are suitable for planting in ground or as pot plants.

24. Examples
of Cycade:-
• Cycas beddomei
• Cycas indica
• Cycas sphaerical
• Cycas
nayagarhensis
• Cycas pectinata

25. 11.Water Plants
• Water gardens are becoming one of the most popular landscape projects.
• They can be designed to fit virtually any existing landscape.
• A water garden is a place for recreation. All theme parks are based on
water garden only.
• Aquatic plants are basically of four types as detailed below.
1. Deep water plants
2. Bog plants (marginals)
3. Oxygenators
4. Floating plants

26. Examples of
water plants:-
• Water lilies
(Nymphaea spp.)
• Lotus (Nelumbo spp.)
• Azolla (Azolla spp. )
• Duckweed (Lemna
spp.)
• Water Hyacinth
(Eichhornia crassipes)

27. 12. Indoor Plants
• A wide range of plants can be grown indoors ranging from money plants that can
grow in complete shade to a rose plant that loves bright sunlight; a tiny African
violet or sapling of a rubber tree which can grow in to a giant tree can all be used
for indoor gardening.
• But then one will have to see that the proper place for each plant is provided. The
rose plant will have to be placed in a sunny balcony, money plant and African
violet on a shady windowsill and the rubber tree sapling as long as it can be
accommodated in the pot and indoors.
• Sun-loving plants too can be kept indoors temporarily

28. Examples of
Indoor Plants:-
• Dumb
canes(Dieffenbachia)
• Money plant(Devil's ivy)
• Aloe Vera (barbadensis)
• Snake Plant (Sansevieria
trifasciata)
• Peace Lily
(Spathiphyllum)

29. 13. Grasses
• Most of the ornamental grasses are fast growing perennials. Their height
varies from a few centimeters up to several meters.
• They generally have underground rhizomes . The grasses vary in form,
size, colour and time of bloom thereby providing a wealth of choices.
Leaves are flat and narrow and are held to the slender stems. Colour of
foliage includes shades of green, yellow, blue, red, brown, and variegated.
Individual flowers are clustered together in a colourful inflorescence.
• Ornamental grasses add three effects to the garden experience that are not
obtained from other plants – movement, sound and shimmering light
effects .

30. Examples of
Grasses:-
• Doob grass (cynodon dactylon)
• Blue Oat Grass(Helictotrichon
sempervirens)
• Dwarf Bermuda grass(cynodon
sp.)
• Carpet Grass(ZoysiaTenuifolia)
• Japanese Forest Grass
(Hakonechloa macra)