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CULTURE & CIVILISATION || CLS 30105|| PROJECT 2 : MESSAGES FROM THE PAST: JAPAN || FNBE0115/ AUG
CULTURE AND CIVILISATION (CLS 30105)
Project 2 : Messages from the Past
Theme : Japan
Group members:
Cham Zheng Chee (0322317)
Chia Keh Chian (0322062)
Chin Shee Wei (0322499)
Koo Jian Xiang (0322975)
Kok Xuan Ying (0322929)
Michelle Wong Sook Yin (0322362)
Seow Koji Takehira (0320816)
Lecturers:
Ms Ida Marlina Mazlan
Ms Sufina Abu Bakar

CONTENT
1. Project Brief
2. Inspiration
3. Summary of research
- History of Edo Period
- Social Strata
- Administration
- Basic terminology
- Culture
- Food
- Architecture
- Religion
- Japan civilisation visual timeline
- Myth
- Characters
4. Scenes distribution
5. The official script
6. Summary of the sketch
7. Crucial scenes
8. Story Board
9. Costumes and Props

INSPIRATION
Movie –
The Last Samurai (2003)
- Setting
- Costume - armour
- Props- weapon (sword)
- Filming style

SUMMARY OF RESEARCH
History of Edo Period
1548:
- Oda Clan invaded Mikawa. Hirotada seek help from Imagawa Y
oshimoto-
head of the Imagawa Clan in order to repel the invaders.
- Yoshimoto agreed under the condition, where Hirotada send Iey
asu to Sunpu
as hostage.
- Oda Nobuhide the leader of the Oda Clan heard of this
arrangement, he then abducted Ieyasu.
- Ieyasu was 6 years old.
- Oda Nobuhide threatened to execute Ieyasu, unless he’s father
severed all ties with the Imagawa Clan.
- Hirotada sacriced his son to show his seriousness towards the Ima
gawa Clan.
- Oda Nobuhide didn’t kill Ieyasu, but held him for the next 3 years
at Mansho Temple.
1549:
- Ieyasu was 8 years old. He’s dad was murdered by he’s own trea
cherous
vassals, who was bribed by the Oda Clan.
- At the same time, Oda Nobuhide died during an epidemic.
- An army commander, Imagawa Sessai carried out a siege at
Oda Nobuhiro (Oda Nobuhide’s first son) castle.
- When the castle was about to collaspe, Sessai had a deal with O
da Nobunaga (Oda Nobuhide’s second son).

- Sessai will stop the siege under the condition whereby Ieyasu will
be handed over to Imagawa.
- Oda Nobunaga agreed and Ieyasu (9yearsold) was taken as hos
tage to Sunpu
and he was living a good life. He was a potentially useful future a
lly of the
Imagawa Clan until 1556, when Ieyasu was 15 years old.
1568:
- Ieyasu remain allies with Oda Nobunaga and wanted to expand
he’s territory.
- Ieyasu and Takeda Shingen was alliance, to conquer all the Ima
gawa territory.
- They ended their alliance.
- Ieyasu supports Oda Nobunaga.
1571:
- Takeda Shingen died in a siege.
- Ieyasu and Takeda Katsuyori (son of Takeda Shingen) had small
battles and fought each other for 7 years.
- Ieyasu manage to control Takeda.
1579:
- Ieyasu’s wife and eldest son, Matsudaira Nobuyasu was accused
by Oda
Nobunaga of conspiring with Takeda Katsuyori to assassinate Od
a Nobunaga, whose daughter was married to Nobuyasu.
- Ieyasu’s wife was forced to be executed and he’s son was force
d to do the
sepukku.

- Ieyasu named he’s third son Tokugawa Hidetada, his heir.
- Ieyasu’s second son was adopted by another rising power, Toyot
omi
Hideyoshi.
1582:
- The war with Takeda ended because they were defeated by Iey
asu and Oda
Nobunaga.
- Ieyasu was in Osaka, far from he’s territory. He heard that Oda N
obunaga was assassinated by Akechi Mitsuhide.
- Ieyasu immediately rushed back but he was too late.
- Toyotomi Hideyoshi had already
appeared and defeated Akechi.
1583:
- Hideyoshi and Shibata was at war to rule over Japan. Ieyasu did
not participate in this war.
- Shibata was defeated and Hideyoshi became the most powerful
Daimyo in
Japan.
1584:
- Ieyasu supports Oda Nobukatsu(Oda Nobunaga’s son) against H
ideyoshi.
- A war started, but Hideyoshi settled the war through negotiation
of peace with Oda Nobukatsu and an agreement with Ieyasu.
- Emperor Go-Yozei gave Hideyoshi the rank of Taikō, which was
essential to increase his status and effectively stabilize his power.

1590:
- Hideyoshi attacked the last independent daimyo in Japan, Hojo
Ujimasa.
- Hojo has 8 provinces.
- Ieyasu and Hideyoshi had a deal. Hideyoshi offer the 8 provinces
to Ieyasu, in return Ieyasu has to give away he’s 5 provinces.
- Ieyasu accepted his offer.
- Hojo was defeated and Ieyasu took control.
- Ieyasu reformed the provinces, control, and pacify.
- He improved the economic infrastructure and lands.
- After a few years, Ieyasu became the second most powerful dai
myo in Japan.
1592:
- Hideyoshi invaded Korea and planned to attack China.
1593:
- Hideyoshi fathered a son, and heir- Hideyori.
1598:
- Hideyoshi’s health was failing and he called a meeting to choos
e the 5
councils, who will be responsible of the ruling on behalf of his son.
One of
the councils was Ieyasu, who is the most powerful among the 5 c
ouncils.
- Hideyoshi died. He’s son, Hideyori was the successor.
- The power was with the regents.

1600:
- Ieyasu became alliance with various daimyo, who
had no heart for Hideyoshi.
- The oldest and most respected regents, Toshile Maeda died after
one year.
- Ieyasu then led an army to Fushimi and took over Osaka Castle,
where the
residence of Hideyori is located.
- Another 3 regents was angry, and wantred to start a war. It was
also the last
battle of one of the most loyal and powerful retainer of Ieyasu, H
onda
Tadakatsu.
- The opposition centered with Ishida Mitsunari, who is a powerful
daimyo, but he wasn’t one of the regents.
- They attempted to kill Mitsunari but he gained
protection by Ieyasu.
- Nobody knows why Ieyasu protected his own enemy but he was
the master
of strategist, and he concluded that he may be better off with Mi
tsunari rather than having him lead his enemy’s army.
- The Daimyo and Samurai split into 2 factions, the Western Army (
Mitsunari’s group) and an Eastern Army (Anti-Mitsunari’s group).
- Ieyasu supports the Eastern Army.
- Ieyasu and his allies moveed to defeat Uesugi Clan because the
y were accuse
of planning to revolt against Toyotomi’s administration.
- When Ieyasu was on his way to Uesugi, he heard news of Mitsuna
ri and his
allies moved their army against Ieyasu.
- The Battle of Sekigahara started. It ended with Tokugawa’s victor
y.

- Ishida Mitsunari and the western nobes was captured and killed.
- Ieyasu was in fact the ruler of Japan.
- Ieyasu redistributed the land.
- Toyotomi Hideyori lost most of his territory which most of it was un
der the
management of the western daimyo.
- Hideyori degraded to an ordinary daimyo and was no longer the
ruler of Japan.
1603:
- Tokugawa Ieyasu received the tittle of Seii Taishogun by Emperor
Go-
Yozei. He was 60 years old. He creates and solidify the Tokugawa
Shogunate.
- In order to unify the country, he gather his men and take the one
last battle to eliminate the remaining Toyotomi Clan in Osaka C
astle.
- Ieyasu succeeded and removed all the possible threats to his po
wer.
- Ieyasu abdicated he’s position as a Shogun.
1605:
- His successor was his son, Tokugawa Hidetada.
- This was to avoid being tied up with the ceremonial duties, makin
g it harder
for his enemies to attack the real power centre to secure a
smoother succession of his son.
- Ieyasu retired as a shogun (ogosho)
- He was still the effective ruler of Japan until death.
- After he retireD, he went to the Sunpu castle in Supu.

- Ieyasu supervised the building of Edo Castle.
1609:
- He chose to distance Japan from European countries.
1614:
- Ieyasu signed the Christian Expulsion Edict to ban the Christianity.
1633- 1639: The Period of Isolation
- The Tokugawa Shogunate was dismayed by the bitter rivalry am
ong the few
Europeans in Japan and zealous work of the Catholic Missionarie
s.
- They reduce the foreign influence by expelling foreigners and for
bidding all
contact with outside world.
- Exception for the China and Korean because they are strictly co
ntrolled.
- Dutch East India Company was also permitted to operate at the
Port Nagasaki.
- Japanese was forbidden to travel and also even build ships.
- Despite all the limitations, the large quantities of ceramics and la
cquer was
exported to Holland and sold to Europe. It was really popular in t
he Europe
countries during the 17th and 18th Century.
- Japan was fascinated by the exotic things from the Western cou
ntry.
- Japan has a growing interest towards the western science and a
rt.

1853: The End of Isolation Period
- 4 American battleships arrive at the Edo Bay.
- They demand to trade with Japan
- The port slowly reopened for foreigners.

Social Strata of Edo Period
Top of the Pyramid: Emperor
- Highest position in Japanese soiciety
- Little Real Power
Second Highest Rank of the Pyramid: Shogun & Daimyo
1. Shogun
- Actual Ruler of Japan
2. Daimyo
- Wealthy Landowners
Middle Class: Samurai Warriors
- Japan’s warriors
Largest Class (Below Samurai Warriors): Peasants, Artisans
- The largest amount of Japanese
- Carries out daily activities: paddy workers, sword carvers, etc.
Lowest Class: Merchants
- Businessmen
- Produces nothing on their own

Administration of Edo Period (BAKUFU-HAN System)
Bakufu-Han System:
- The government and society system of Edo Period.
- Combination of the terms bakufu (centralized monarchical
government) and han (domains)
Features of the Bakufu-Han System:
1. It is a class society
- Samurai> Farmers > Craftsmen > Merchants
2. Politics
- Centralized system.
- The Bakufu (central government) had absolute political power
over the fate of hans (local governments).
- The Bakufu could remove or abolish local governments.
3. Economy
- Decentralized
- Bakufu was not interested in imposing consistent economic
policies.
- Its policies were often unstable and short-sighted.
- Each han could decide its tax rates and other economic
regulations, or encourage certain industries.
4. The Bakufu imposed the following expenses on hans:

- Sankin Kotai: bi-annual commuting between home and Edo. This
costs a large sum of money and usually constituted the largest
part of han's expenditure.
- Public works ordered by the Bakufu, such as building castles,
moats, roads, irrigation ponds and canals, waterworks, etc.
- Arbitrary taxes and charges.

Basic terminology for the Edo period:
1. Edo
- The old name for Tokyo. Edo literally means the mouth of bay.
Incidentally, Tokyo means eastern capital (the western, or the
traditional, capital is Kyoto).
2. Shogun
- Originally, the supreme commander of dispatched army. But it
usually means the head of a central military government.
3. Daimyo
- Regional samurai ruler. During the Edo period, it meant the head
samurai of a local government (han).
4. Bakufu
- Residence of a military ruler. Later it meant the central military
government itself.
5. Han
- A local government (like province or prefecture) in the Edo
period.

Tokugawa Clan Oda Clan Toyotomi Clan
Imagawa Clan Takeda Clan

Culture in Edo Period
Criminal punishment in Edo period
1. Death penalty for murder and arson: Executed by the Shogunate
- Boiling
- Burning
- Crucifixion
- Decapitation
- Sawing
- Waist-Cutting
- Seppuku
Seppuku ( suicide committed by Samurai)
Crucifixion Waist-cutting

2. Incarceration & Exile
- Exile to an island
- Imprisonment
- Exclusion from the location of crime
3. Penal labor
4. Confiscation
5. Corporal punishment
Culture Changes & Transformation
- Leaders of this government were eager to 'modernize' their
nation by adopting western ways.
- They were eager to modernize and westernize the nation was
because they were worried that they would be overrun by
colony-hungry western nations (like China).
- They imported manufactured and military technology, built
factories and updated the military.
- They wanted the people of Japan to appear western and
modern, not 'native', old fashioned and backwards.

Westernization Taking Place
- Military weapons transformed from swords to guns
Military outfits Military guns
Hairstyle & Clothing
- A zangiri-head was given to the man who gotten rid of his old
fashioned feudal hairstyle, and rearranged his hair in the new,
modern western style.
- Bushi (samurai) who had aligned themselves with the anti-
Tokugawa forces started to adopt the new hairstyle.
Old fashioned feudal hairstyle Modern western hairstyle

Cultural Pursuits
- Theatre (kabuki), art and literature were invested in.
- Geisha, musicians, actors, sumo wrestlers and poets contributed
to the rise of the ukiyoor 'floating world'.
- Japanese theatre, or Kabuki, provided ukiyo-e artists a wide
appeal.
- Posters, postcards and portraits of actors (Kabuki) were in
demand by audiences.
- Images like 'Famous Places in Edo: Oshichi' by Utagawa Kuniteru
depicted characters from kabuki shows and made household
names of the actors/actresses who played them.
- The jôruri, or Puppet Theater, offered elaborate plots and
masterful puppeteering.
- Puppet theatre is one of the most entertaining but demanding
performing arts.
Shibai Ukie ( Kabuki theatre ) Geisha Harvest Moon
Joruri ( Puppet Theater ) Musicians (Biwa-Hōshi )

Sumo Kabuki Actors
History of Kabuki
- The history of kabuki began in 1603 when Izumo no Okuni ,
possibly a miko, began performing a new style of dance drama.
- It originated in the 17th century when Japan was under the
control of the Tokugawa Shogunate.
- After women were banned from performing, cross-dressed male
actors, known as kabuki, took over.
- Young men were preferred for women's roles due to their less
masculine appearance and the higher pitch of their voices
compared to adult men.
- In addition, wakashu (adolescent male) roles, played by young
men often selected for attractiveness, became common, and
were often presented in an erotic content.
History of Geisha
- Geisha literal translates as ―person of the arts‖.
- Entertainers will usually be requested to perform for the noble
families.
- Following the years of peace after the civil wars, samurais
decided to retire as they found that their services are no longer
of use to the society.
- Daughters of the samurais were thought to have become
courtesans of noble families.

- This resulted to the area of Yoshiwara and Shimabara to be
places of culture and refinement.
Karakuri puppet (ningyo)
- Traditional Japanese Mechanized puppets or automata
originally made in Edo period
- The doll gestures provide a form of entertainment
- Influenced the Noh, Kabuki and Bunraku theatre
- Butai karakuri used in theatre, Zashiki Karakuri used in homes and
Dashi Karakuri used in religious festival
Butai Karakuri Zashiki Karakur Dashi Karakuri
(stage karakuri) (tatami room karakuri) (festival car karakuri)
Arts
- Ukiyo-e prints became the symbol of this new culture with their
strong linear forms, complemented by flat areas of colour and
strange angles.
- Ukiyo-e was some of the first massed produced art in the world.
- Normal people could appreciate them until the domain by the
rich and privileged.
- It is a genre of woodblock printings and paintings that flourished
in Japan from the 17th through 19th centuries.

- Popular themes were depictions of beautiful women; kabuki
actors and sumo wrestlers; scenes from history and folk tales;
travel scenes and landscapes; flora and fauna; and erotica.
- The earliest success was in the 1670s with Moronobu's paintings
and monochromatic prints of beautiful women.
- Colour prints came gradually—at first added by hand and only
for special commissions.
- By the 1740s, artists such as Masanobu used multiple woodblocks
to print areas of colour.
Flowers of the winds print
Skeleton Specter print
Food
- Yohei came up with the idea of serving raw fish on little slabs of
vinegared rice.

- The modern time sushi started in Edo and spreaded over the
globe.
Architecture
- Western style architecture also embraced.
- New public buildings were built in the western style (schools,
government offices, banks and more).
- Private homes remained traditional in style until after WWII.
- Many existing buildings show a blend of traditional Japanese
craftsmanship combined with western styles.
Private traditional homes Interior

Central station Westernized building
Religion
- The government used Buddhism in enforcing the proscription
- Every family was legally required to belong to a Buddhist temple
and had to be questioned periodically by the temple priest.
- Buddhism, Shintoism and Confucianism were the three major
religions.
- All three religions merged, forming the base of Japan and their
beliefs.
- In the beginning, Buddhism was forced upon the people of Edo,
and thus was the main religion.
- Buddhism brought new theories on government, a means to
establish strong centralized authority, a system for writing,
advanced new methods for building and for casting in bronze,
and new techniques and materials for painting.
- New introduction of Buddhism helped Japan establish as a
country, and helped join Japan with other Asian countries.
- Temples were built, and people were made to sign up for any
ceremonial duties to be done in these temples.
- Registration for marriage, birth, death and funerals were
compulsory.
- During this period many of the temples and monasteries
destroyed by Nobunaga and Hideyoshi were rebuilt

- Buddhism faced competition from Shinto, the Japanese
indigenous religion, and Confucianism.
- To keep the three rivals separated, the government decreed
that Buddhism would have first place in matters of religion;
Confucianism would have first place in matters of morality, and
Shinto would have first place in matters of state,
Buddhism Confucianism Shintoism (priestess)

Edomoji
Japanese lettering styles invented for advertising

Myth Of Edo Period
- Yōkai or mononoke is a class of supernatural monsters
in Japanese folklore.
- They possess animal features (such as the Kappa, which is similar
to a turtle, or the Tengu which has wings).
- They can appear mostly human, some look like inanimate
objects and others have no discernible shape.
- Yōkai usually have a spiritual supernatural power,
with shapeshifting being one of the most common.
- Yōkai that have the ability to shapeshift are called obake.
- Many indigenous Japanese animals are thought to have
magical qualities and often appear in human form, mostly
women.
Kappa Tengu

Characters Research
Back row from left to right : Alexis ( Takeda Shingen, Geisha, Imagawa Yoshimoto &
Servant ), Gynie ( Geisha, Servant, Young Ieyasu, Ieyasu’s Wife), Xuan Ying ( Oda
Nobunaga, Oda Nobuhide, Oda Nobukatsu & General ), Koji ( Kabuki Actor,
Messenger )
Front row from left to right : Cham ( Tokugawa Ieyasu & Matsudaira Hirotada ), Leo
( Emporer Go-Yozei ), Michelle ( Toyotomi Hideyoshi & Toyotomi Hideyori )

1. Tokugawa Ieyasu
- Tokugawa Ieyasu was the first Shogun and introduced the
Tokugawa Shogunate during the Edo period.
- He is a very intelligent, independent, powerful, and strong
general.
- Ieyasu spent his years growing up in danger, where war was
present.
- He had military training with the Imagawa Clan when he was
young and that was what made Ieyasu strong.
- Ieyasu was always a very smart general as he forms allies with a
few different generals in order to expand his territory, to
strengthen himself.
- Eventually, Ieyasu managed to develop Japan by implementing
new government systems and unifies Japan.
- He enlarged his force and brought Japan together.

2. Oda Nobunaga
- He was an eloquent speaker with a strong persona.
- When he was young, he was said to have been brash and rude
where his behaviour is often considered as disgraceful.
- His rude behaviour lead to his dad’s old retainer to commit
remonstration through suicide and this event had a drastic effect
on him.
- Nobunaga quickly rose in power and became national
prominence when he gained victory over Imagawa clan.
- Later, he defeated the Saito clan and founded his capital at
Gifu.
- Nobunaga was a classic authoritarian leader, ruthless and
cunning.
- He has been blamed for wanton murder and named as a cruel
tyrant.
- Yet in many ways he was a product of his time and every action
can be seen as having a motive.
- He changed the face of Japanese history.

3. Takeda Shingen
- Takeda Shingen was the most famous leader of the Takeda clan
and one of the most famous leaders in the Sengoku Period.
- Even though the young Shingen was gifted, his relation with his
father was very poor.
- His father considered making Shingen's younger brother his heir
instead of Takeda Shingen himself.
- Shingen led a rebellion against his father and took control of the
clan.
- His younger brother did not resent Shingen for it and became
one of his most loyal generals.
- When Oda rose to power Takeda was one of the few warlords
powerful enough to stop him.
- The Takeda clan was then led by his less talented son who was
later defeated by Oda.

4. Toyotomi Hideyoshi
- Then he was still a boy, he left home for Tōtōmi province and
became page to a retainer of the daimyo of Tōtōmi.
- He has a cheerful nature, tactful manner, and is intelligent
- Hideyoshi fought in many of the important battles alongside
Nobunaga as a samurai.
- After Oda Nobunaga committed suicide after a revolt led by his
retainer Akechi Mitsuhide, Hideyoshi immediately avenged
Nobunaga by defeating Mitsuhide.
- Hideyoshi embarked on his attempt to conquer the whole of
Japan in an effort to complete Nobunaga’s work of unifying the
country.
- He fought a battle with Tokugawa Ieyasu, a powerful daimyo
and a supporter of Nobunaga’s second son.
- Hideyoshi received the rank of Taikō, where his status was
increased and power was stabalized.

5. Kabuki Actor
- Kabuki is a classic Japanese dance-drama.
- It originally started with all females, dressing up with make ups to
do dancing and performance.
- The transition to yaro-kabuki (all-male kabuki) happened later on
after women were banned from performing.
- Some male-actor will cross-dress, known as onnagata (female-
role) or oyama, took over female actors.
- Along with the change in the performer's gender came a
change in the emphasis of the performance: increased stress
was placed on drama rather than dance.
- Performances were equally ribald.
- Audiences frequently became rowdy, and brawls occasionally
broke out, sometimes over the favors of a particularly handsome
young actor, leading the shogunate to ban first onnagata and
then wakashū roles

6. Geisha
- Geisha is traditional Japanese female entertainer who act as
hostess and whose skills include performing various Japanese arts.
- Classical music, dance, games and conversation are used
during their performance mainly to entertain male customers.
- Traditionally, Geisha began their training at a young age.
- They have to go through the training stages- shikomi, minarai
and maiko before becoming a geisha.

7. Emperor Go-Yozei
- Emperor Go-Yozei is the 107th emperor of Japan.
- He is a kind and calm person.
- He loves literature and art.
- He published the Kobun Kokyo and part of Nihon Shoki with
movable type
dedicated to the emperor by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
- Besides, he also draw a few painting which is recognised by the
social, and also writing calligraphy.

JAPAN CIVILLISATION VISUAL TIMELINE
Period Name Description
-
People from the Jomon Period
-300 BC
 Jomon The early Japanese were gatherers, hunters and fishers.
Rice agriculture
300 BC-300
 Yayoi
The introduction of rice agriculture begins the
development of a social hierarchy and hundreds of
small countries that started to unify into larger countries.
Large tomb(Kofun)
300-538
 Kofun
300 Japan is for the first time more or less united. Large
tombs (kofun) were built for the deceased leaders.
Buddhism in Japan
538-710
 Asuka
538/552 Introduction of Buddhism.
604 Prince Shotoku's Constitution of seventeen articles
is promulgated.
645 The Taika reform is introduced. The Fujiwara era
starts.

Nara-capital
710-784
 Nara
710 Nara becomes the first permanent capital.
784 The capital moves to Nagaoka.
794-1185
Buddhist Jodo Sect
 Heian
794 The capital moves to Heian (Kyoto).
1016 Fujiwara Michinaga becomes regent.
1159 The Taira clan under Taira Kiyomori takes over the
power after the Heiji war.
1175 The Buddhist Jodo sect (Pure land sect) is
introduced.
1180-85 In the Gempei War, the Minamoto clan puts
an end to Taira supremacy.
Jokyu War
1192-1333

Kamakura
1191 The Zen sect is introduced.
1192 Minamoto Yoritomo is appointed shogun and
establishes the Kamakura government.
1221 The Jokyu Disturbance ends a struggle between
Kamakura and Kyoto resulting in the supremacy of the
Hojo regents in Kamakura.
1232 A legal code, the Joei Shikimoku, is promulgated.
1274 and 1281 The Mongols try to invade Japan twice,
but fail mainly because of bad weather conditions.
1333 The Kamakura bakufu falls.

Muromachi period costumes
1338-1573

Muromachi
1334 Kemmu restoration: the emperor restores power
over Japan.
1336 Ashikaga Takauji captures Kyoto.
1337 The emperor flees and establishes the Southern
court in Yoshino.
1338 Takauji establishes the Muromachi government
and a second emperor in Kyoto (Northern court).
1392 Unification of the Southern and Northern courts.
1467-1477 Onin war.
1542 Portuguese introduce firearms and Christianity to
Japan.
1568 Nobunaga enters Kyoto.
1573 The Muromachi Bakufu falls.
Battle of Nagashino
1573-1603
 Azuchi
Momoyama
1575 The Takeda clan is defeated in the battle of
Nagashino.
1582 Nobunaga is murdered and succeeded by
Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
1588 Hideyoshi confiscates the weapons of farmers
and religious institutions in the "Sword Hunt".
1590 Japan is reunited after the fall of Odawara (Hojo).
1592-98 Unsuccessful invasion of Korea.
1598 Death of Hideyoshi.
1600 Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats his rivals in the battle of
Sekigahara.
Tokugawa Ieyasu unite Japan
1603 - 1867
 Edo
1603 Ieyasu is appointed shogun and establishes the
Tokugawa government in Edo (Tokyo).
1614 Ieyasu intensifies persecution of Christianity.
1615 The Toyotomi clan is destroyed after Ieyasu
captures Osaka Castle.
1639 Almost complete isolation of Japan from the rest
of the world.
1688-1703 Genroku era: popular culture flourishes.
1792 The Russians unsuccessfuly try to establish trade
relations with Japan.
1854 Commodore Matthew Perry forces the Japanese
government to open a limited number of ports for
trade.
 Meiji
1868 Meiji restoration.
1872 First railway line between Tokyo and Yokohama.
1889 The Meiji Constitution is promulgated.
1894-95 Sino-Japanese War.
1904-05 Russo-Japanese War.

Meiji Restoration
1868-1912
1910 Annexation of Korea.
1912 Death of emperor Meiji.
Great Kanto Earthquake
1912-1926
 Taisho
1914-18 Japan joins allied forces in WW1.
1923 The Great Kanto Earthquake devastates Tokyo
and Yokohama.
Atomic bomb at Nagasaki
1926-1989
 Showa
1931 Manchurian Incident.
1937 Second Sino-Japanese War starts.
1941 Pacific War starts.
1945 Japan surrenders after two atomic bombs are
dropped over Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
1946 The new constitution is promulgated.
1952 The Allied Occupation of Japan ends.
1956 Japan becomes member of the UN.
1972 Normalization of relations to China.
1973 Oil crisis.
The Great Hanshin Earthquake
1989-
 Heisei
1993 The LDP loses its majority in the diet.
1995 The Great Hanshin Earthquake hits Kobe.
Sarin Gas attack in the Tokyo subway by AUM sect.
2009 The Democratic Party of Japan becomes the
ruling party.
2011 Great East Japan Earthquake

SCENES DISTRIBUTION
SCENE 1
Oda Clan invades Mikawa.
Hirotada seeks help from Imagawa Yoshimoto-
head of the Imagawa Clan in order to repel the invaders.
Yoshimoto agreed under the condition, where Hirotada send 6 year
old Ieyasu to Sunpu as hostage. Hirotada agrees to send his son as a
sacrifice.
Oda Nobuhide-
leader of the Oda Clan heard of this arrangement, he then abducted
Ieyasu from his entourage and headed towards to Sunpu.
SCENE 2
Oda Nobuhide threatened to execute Ieyasu, unless he’s father severe
d all ties with the Imagawa Clan.
Hirotada sacrificed his son to show he’s seriousness towards the Imaga
wa Clan.
Oda Nobuhide didn’t kill Ieyasu, but held him for the next 3 years at Ma
nsho Temple.
SCENE 3 (Narration)
leyasu was 8 years old. His dad was murdered by his own treacherous v
assals, who was bribed by the Oda Clan.
At the same time, Oda Nobuhide died in an epidemic.
SCENE 4
An army commander, Imagawa Sessai carried out a
siege at Oda Nobuhiro (Oda Nobuhide’s first son) castle.
When the castle was about to fall, Sessai decided to make
a deal with Oda Nobunaga (Oda Nobuhide’s second son).

Sessai
will stop the siege under the condition whereby Ieyasu was handed ov
er to Imagawa.
Oda Nobunaga agreed and Ieyasu (9 years
old) was taken as hostage to Sunpu.
He was a potentially useful future ally of the Imagawa Clan until 1556,
when Ieyasu was 15 years old.
SCENE 5
Ieyasu and Takeda Shingen made an alliance with each
other, to conquer all the Imagawa territory.
They ended their alliance because Takeda wanted to conquer
Imagawa’s territory on his own to secure his position// area// status
Takeda attacks Ieyasu and nobunaga.
Ieyasu forms allies with Oda Nobunaga to counter attack Takeda.
Ieyasu and Nobunaga planned a siege at Takeda's territory.
Takeda Shingen died during the siege because of an illness.
SCENE 6 (Narration)
Ieyasu and Takeda Katsuyori
(son of Takeda Shingen) had small battles and fought with each other
for 7 years.
At last , Ieyasu managed to control of Takeda.
SCENE 7
Ieyasu’s wife and eldest son, Matsudaira Nobuyasu was accused by O
da Nobunaga of conspiring with Takeda Katsuyori to assassinate Oda
Nobunaga
This was because Takeda
Katsuyori's daughter was married to Nobuyasu.
Ieyasu’s wife was forced to be executed and his son was forced to do t
he sepukku. (Shows cruelty in punishment or consequences for crime)
SCENE 8

Ieyasu named he’s third son Tokugawa Hidetada as his heir.
Ieyasu’s second son was not announced as heir because
he was adopted by another rising power, Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Flashback occurs- Shows introduction and relation between Hideyoshi
and Nobunaga
SCENE 9 (Narration)
Ieyasu was in Osaka when he
heard that Oda Nobunaga was assassinated by Akechi Mitsuhide.
Ieyasu immediately rush back but he was too late.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi had already defeated Akechi.
SCENE 10
Hideyoshi and Shibata was having a war to
rule over Japan. Ieyasu didn’t participated in that war.
Shibata was defeated and Hideyoshi became the most powerful Daim
yo in Japan.
Ieyasu supports Oda Nobukatsu
(Oda Nobunaga’s son) against Hideyoshi.
A war started, but Hideyoshi settled the war through negotiation of pea
ce with Oda Nobukatsu and an agreement with Ieyasu.
Ieyasu and Hideyoshi had a deal. Hideyoshi offered 8 new
provinces to Ieyasu, but in return Ieyasu had to give away 5 of his
own provinces.
Emperor Go-Yozei gave Hideyoshi the rank of Taikō, to increase his
status and stabilize his power.(Appearance of Kabuki as entertainer
and carries out tea ceremony)
SCENE 11 (Narration)
Ieyasu introduced a new system known as Tokugawa Shogunate that
reforms the provinces, control, and pacify. (Brief introduction of how
Buddhism changed the system)
He improved the economic infrastructure and lands.

After a few years, Ieyasu became the second most powerful daimyo in
Japan.
SCENE 12
Hideyoshi invaded Korea and planned to attack China.
Hideyoshi had a son, who was heir to his position- Hideyori.
Hideyoshi’s health was failing and he held a meeting to choose 5 coun
cils, who will be responsible in ruling on behalf of he’s son.
One of the councils was Ieyasu, which is the most powerful among the
5 councils.
Hideyoshi died. He’s son, Hideyori was the successor but was only 5
years old.
The power was with the regents (the 5 councils)
SCENE 13
The oldest and most respected regents, Toshile Maeda died after one y
ear.
leyasu formed alliance with various daimyo, with no heart for Hideyoshi
because he was envious of Hideyori’s high position
Ieyasu led an army to Fushimi with his alliance and took over Hideyori’s
residence.
SCENE 14
Ishida Mitsunari helped Hideyori but he was not one of the regents.
He plotted Ieyesu’s death but was discovered by Ieyesu’s generals and
they tried to kill him
Ishida Mitsunari fled and gained protection from Ieyesu despite his
previous plans to kill him
Ieyesu decided to protect him rather than having him lead Hideyori’s
army.
The Battle of Sekigahara started and ended with Tokugawa’s victory.

Ishida Mitsunari and the western nobes was captured and killed.
Ieyasu was the ruler of Japan.
Ieyasu redistributed the land.
Toyotomi Hideyori lost most of his territory in
which most of it was under the management of the western daimyo.
Hideyori degraded to an ordinary daimyo and was no longer the ruler
of Japan.
SCENE 16
Tokugawa Ieyasu received the tittle of Seii Taishogun by Emperor Go-
Yozei for
creating and solidifying the Tokugawa Shogunate. (Appearance of
Geisha)
In order to unify the country, he gather his men and take the one last b
attle to eliminate the remaining Toyotomi Clan in Osaka Castle.
Ieyasu succeeded and removed all the possible threats to his power.
Ieyasu abdicated/step down his position as a Shogun
SCENE 17
His successor was his son, Tokugawa Hidetada.
This is to avoid being tied up with the ceremonial duties, making it hard
er for the enemies to attack the real power center and to secure a sm
oother succession of his son.
The Tokugawa Shogunate was dismayed by the bitter rivalry among th
e few Europeans in Japan and zealous work of the Catholic Missionarie
s.
Europeans reduce the foreign influence by expelling foreigners and for
bidding all contact with outside world.
Exception for the China and Korean because they are strict controlled.
Dutch East India Company was also permitted to operate at the Port N
agasaki.

Japanese was forbidden to travel and also even build ships.
Despite all the limitations, the large quantities of ceramics and lacquer
was exported to Holland and sold to Europe. It was really popular in the
Europe countries during the 17th and 18th Century.
Japan was fascinated by the exotic things from the Western country.
Japan has a growing interest towards the western science and art.
ENDING:
FLASHBACK TO CHARACTERS

THE OFFICIAL SCRIPT
In 1548, the leader of the Oda Clan invaded Mikawa.
(Hirotada finds Yoshimoto for a discussion, where Hirotada is pretty
nervous )
Hirotada: General Yoshimoto. My clan is being attacked by the Oda
Clan. I hereby seek for your help to prevent the Oda Clan from
invading my territory.
After serious consideration, Yoshimoto decided to accept his request.
Yoshimoto: I accept your request, General Hirotada under one
condition. You must send your son, Ieyasu to Sunpu, as a hostage.
Hirotada: ( Sacrifices has to be made for my clan. I’m sorry son, dad
loves you but he needs to send you away. ) he speaks in heart.
Oda Nobuhide, the leader of the Oda Clan overheard of this
arrangement between General Hirotada and General Yoshimoto.
Messenger: General Oda, we heard that General Hirotada is
surrending his son as a hostage to Sunpu. We must capture his son
before he is delivered to Sunpu.
(General Oda nodded his head as agreement )
( The Oda Clan had captured Ieyasu from his entourage who was
heading towards to Sunpu )
(Hirotada then arrives to meet Oda Nobuhide. With a fierce look, they
were having a debate on retrieving the captured Ieyasu back )
The leaders of Oda Clan and Imagawa Clan then arrives to Sunpu.
General Oda Nobuhide threatened to execute Ieyasu.
Oda Nobuhide: Your son Ieyasu is with me now. Unless you cut all ties
with the Imagawa Clan. Or else today will be the last time your son
sees dawn.
Hirotada: For my clan, for my empire, I will willingly sacrifice anything,
even if he is my beloved son.
Hirotada sacrifices his son to show his seriousness towards the
Imagawa Clan.
( Both general stares fiercely at each other, General Oda then turns
back and leaves the scene )
General Oda Nobuhide didn’t kill the poor 6 years old Ieyasu. Instead
he had him held as hostage for the next 3 years at Mansho Temple.
When Ieyasu turned 8 years old, his dad Hirotada was murdered by his
own treacherous vassals, who was bribed by the Oda Clan.

In the same year, the Oda Clan’s leader Oda Nobuhide died in an
epidemic.
In 1568, when Ieyasu was 27 years old, he decided to make allies with
Takeda Clan whose leader is Takeda Shingen to conquer all of
Imagawa’s territory.
( General Ieyasu and General Takeda are having tea together )
Ieyasu: General Takeda Shingen, I hereby request to form an ally with
you to take down the Imagawa territory. We will split the conquered
territory into equally half. Will you accept my request?
Takeda: NO! Do you think that my clan needs to depend on you? I,
myself am capable enough to conquer all of Imagawa’s territory on
my own together with my troops!
They ended their negotiations because Takeda is selfish and wants to
conquer Imagawa’s territory on his own to secure his personal status.
( General Ieyasu then stands up and leaves with anger. )
After the failed negotiation, General Ieyasu forms allies with General
Oda Nobunaga to counter attack the Takeda Clan. General Ieyasu
and Nobunaga planned a siege upon the Takeda Clan
During the seige, General Takeda Shingen died due to serious illness.
In 1579, General Ieyasu’s wife was forced to be executed, and his son,
Matsudaira Nobuyasu, was forced to do the sepukku.
( Ieyasu’s wife is dragged by 2 general soldiers, out to nowhere. His son
performs the sepukku ceremony )
General Ieyasu’s then named his third son Tokugawa Hidetada as his
heir. On the other hand, Ieyasu’s second son was adopted by another
rising power, Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
( Flashback to the introduction and relation of Hideyoshi & Nobunaga )
One day in 1582, a messenger came for General Ieyasu who was in
Osaka.
( The messenger entered the room where General Ieyasu was having a
discussion with other generals )
The messenger: General Ieyasu, it is reported that Oda Nobunaga was
assassinated by Akechi Mitsuhide! ( Speaks in a fast breath )
( Ieyasu stands up immediately, and rushes out of the room )
General Ieyasu immediately rushes back but he was too late. Toyotomi
Hideyoshi had made his appearance and defeated Akechi Mitsuhide.

In 1583, General Hideyoshi and General Shibata was at war to rule over
Japan. But
Ieyasu did not participate in this war.
Shibata was defeated and Hideyoshi became the most powerful
Daimyo in Japan.
However, Ieyasu supports Oda Nobukatsu, Oda Nobunaga’s son, who
is against Hideyoshi.
A war then started on 1584, but Hideyoshi managed to settle the war
through a negotiation of peace with Oda Nobukatsu and had an
agreement with Ieyasu.
General Hideyoshi: What is the meaning of war? Why do we need to
sacrifice all the innocent people out there, and lose millions of assets?
Why can’t we discuss in a peaceful way, rather than fighting each
other. How do you feel, when you see blood flood roads and rivers?
( speaks in a broken hearted way )
( General Oda Nobukatsu agrees with Hideyoshi words )
Ieyasu and Hideyoshi made a deal.
General Hideyoshi: I’ll let you take control of 8 provinces, but in return,
you must let me control 5 of your provinces.
General Ieyasu: That’s a deal. ( Stares at him with a serious face )
That year, the 107th Emperor of Japan Emperor Go-Yozei gave
Hideyoshi the rank of Taiko, which was essential to increase his status
and effectively stabilise his power.
Emperor Go-Yozei: I, on behalf of the people of Japan, will now
announce you as the Taiko of Japan Empire.
In 1590, General Ieyasu reformed the provinces, control and pacify. He
subsequently improved the economy infrastructure of the land. After a
few years, Ieyasu became the second most powerful Daimyo in Japan.
( General Ieyasu discusses with other generals on a big table, with
specific plans and documents )
( Ieyasu stands on the top of a mountain, showing that he had
become a powerful person )
In 1593, Hideyoshi fathered a son, his heir Hideyori.
In 1598, Hideyoshi’s health was falling in an alarming rate. So he held a
meeting to choose the 5 councils, who will be responsible of the ruling
on behalf of his son. One of the councils was Ieyasu, who was the most
powerful among the 5 councils.
General Hideyoshi passed away in the same year. And his son,
Hideyori became the successor. And so the power was with the 5
regents.

Later on, Ieyasu became alliance with various Daimyo, with no heart
for Hideyori because he was envious of his high position.
General Ieyasu: I am not happy with his current status. What’s with all of
his policies that are being declare these days? That makes no sense!
I’m going to take down his position, his place. Whose with me?!
( The Generals all agree with his statement during the meeting )
General Ieyasu then led an army to Fushimi with his alliance and took
over the Hideyori’s residence.
Ishida Mitsunari helped Hideyori, but he was not one of the regents. He
plotted General
Ieyasu’s death but his plan was discovered by Ieyasu’s general. They
tried to kill Ishida.
Ishida fled and gained protection from Ieyasu despite his previous
intentions to kill him. General Ieyasu decided to protect him, rather
than having him lead Hideyori’s army.
In 1600, when it was the Edo period darkest era, the Battle of
Sekigahara had started. It ended with Tokugawa’s victory.
Ishida Mitsunari and the western nobes were captured and killed.
Ieyasu was in fact the ruler of Japan, and he redistributed the land.
On the other hand, Toyotomi Hideyori lost most of his territory which
most of it was under the management of the western Daimyo.
Hideyori then degraded to an ordinary daimyo and was no longer the
ruler of Japan.
In 1603, Ieyasu received the title of “ Seii Taishogun “ by Emperor Go-
Yozei.
General Ieyasu: I can see that you created and solidified the
Tokugawa Shogunate. You have done a great job, and contributed
greatly to the Empire of Japan. I now present you the title - Seii
Taishogun.
In order to unify the country, General Ieyasu gathered his men and had
one last battle to eliminate the remaining Toyotomi Clan in the Osaka
Castle.
General Ieyasu: For our empire, for the people! One last war that will
end everything and creates a remarkable moment for the empire of
Japan!!
( Cheers for the General )
Ieyasu succeeded and removed all the possible threats to his power.
He then step down from his position as a Shogun.
The Tokugawa Shogunate was dismayed by the bitter rivalry among
the few Europeans in Japan and the jealous work of the Catholic
Missionaries.

Europeans then reduced the foreign influence by expelling foreigners
and forbidding all Japan’s contact with the outside world, except for
the China and Korean because they are strictly controlled.
Dutch East India Company was also permitted to operate at the Port
Nagasaki. During that period of time, Japanese were forbidden to
travel and build ships.
Despite all these limitations, large quantities of ceramics and lacquer
were exported to Holland and sold to Europe. It was really popular in
European countries during the 17th and 18th Century.
Japan was fascinated by the exotic things of the Western country.
Japan has had a growing interest towards the western science and art.

SUMMARY OF THE SKETCH
The sketch that we will be acting out falls between the end of Azuchi
Momoyama Period and the whole Edo Period. The whole sketch will be
showing the first Shogun in the Tokugawa Shogunate (government system),
Tokugawa Ieyasu’s perspective and experience throughout these periods.
The reason why we chose to use Tokugawa Ieyasu’s point of view to walk
through the events and stories of these periods is because Ieyasu is one of the
key characters that plays a big part throughout these periods. Ieyasu’s
involvement in the story started off since he was a young boy. The sketch
starts off when Ieyasu was held hostage when he was only 6 years old, where
there were conflicts between clans. Ieyasu’s early life was surrounded with
danger, due to the war between the Imagawa Clan and Oda Clan. The story
progresses as you’ll see Ieyasu’s journey, as he grows up, and his meeting with
a few generals, like Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Takeda Shingen,
their relationship and how each individuals and interactions between them
gives an impact towards Japan.
Apart from that, Ieyasu is an intelligent, strong and powerful general. The
sketch shows how Ieyasu forms allies, expanding his territory, improving the
whole structure of the government system, strengthen his power and at last
unifying Japan. The sketch shows how Ieyasu use different tactics, planning,
and motives to achieve his goals, and eventually became one of the most
powerful Daimyo in Japan, getting the tittle of the first Shogun and
developing Japan into a more organized and constructed country. The
sketch clearly illustrates Tokugawa Ieyasu’s fighting spirit, perseverance and
journey from the very start till the end, only for one purpose, which is to bring
Japan together, to become as one.

CRUCIAL SCENES

COMPLETE STORY BOARD

COSTUMES & PROPS
i. PAPER DOLL
Go Yo-Zei , Emperor Tokugawa Ieyasu , Shogun Takeda Shingen , Daimyo
Oda Nobunaga , Samurai Toyotomi Hideyoshi , Samurai
Kabuki , Actor Geisha , Dancer Geisha , Accompanist

ii. Character
Tokugawa Ieyasu , Shogun ( Cham Zheng Chee )
Samurai
Helmet : Black & Gold colour Paper ,
String
Armor : Mounting Board , Black Manila
Card , Aluminum foil , Plastic Bottle ,
String
Sword : Mounting Board , Aluminum
Foil
Kimono
Headdress : Plastic Container ,
Mounting Board , String
Kimono : Black & White colour Cloths

Go Yo-Zei , Emperor ( Koo Jian Xiang )
Sokutai
Headdress : Manila Card
Sokutai : Gold colour Paper , Red & Black
colour Cloths
Takeda Shingen , Daimyo ( Chin Shee Wei )
Samurai
Helmet : Black / Red / Gold & Grey colour
Paper
Armor : Mounting Board , Black & Red
Manila Card , Plastic Bottle , Nylon String ,
String , Egg Tray , Gloves
Sword : Mounting Board , Aluminum Foil

Oda Nobunaga , Samurai ( Kok Xuan Ying )
Samurai
Helmet : Black & Gold colour Paper
Armor : Mounting Board , Gold colour
Paper , Plastic Bottle , String , Gloves
Sword : Mounting Board , Aluminum
Foil
Kimono
Kimono : Green / Red & White colour
Cloths

Toyotomi Hideyoshi , Samurai ( Michelle Wong Sook Yin )
Samurai
Helmet : Black / Red & Gold colour Paper ,
Straw
Armor : Mounting Board , Plastic Bottle , String ,
Gloves
Kimono
Headdress : Plastic Container , Mounting
Board , String
Kimono : White colour Cloths

Kabuki , Actor ( Koji )
Kimono
Headdress : Black Scaft
Kimono : Green pettern / Red & Black
colour Cloths
Accessories : Paper Fan

Geisha , Dancer ( Chia Keh Chian )
Kimono
Kimono : Pink pettern colour Cloths & Obi
Footwear : Geta
Headwear : Flowers
Accessories : Paper Fan
Geisha , Accompanist (Chin Shee Wei )
Kimono
Kimono : Dark Pink pettern colour Cloths & Obi
Footwear : Geta
Headwear : Flowers
Accessories : Shamisen

final

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