2. • Born in 1913
• Comes from the family that plays an important role in the settlement of Greek war
refugees in between the two world wars.
WORKED:
Chief town planning officer: Department of regional and planning, ministry of
public works.
MAJOR PROJECTS:
• In the application of his theories on ekistics, C.A Doxiadis studied, programmed,
planned and designed a great number of human settlements and other
development projects.
• These projects cover several fields like rural settlement, agriculture and irrigation,
industrial settlement, power and public works and development of new cities.
Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis
3. ANALYSIS
• According to Doxiadis, the greatest problem facing by cities worldwide was the
problem of managing growth.
• He proposed several solutions to leave room for expansion of the city core.
THE PROPOSALS:
• Limiting all buildings to three levels or less, with permission to build higher
• Separating automobile and pedestrian traffic completely.
• Constructing cities as a "beehive" of cells each no bigger than 2 by 2 kilometers,
the maximum comfortable distance for pedestrians.
4. EKISTICS FRAMEWORK
• Ekistics: The science of human
settlements.
• Ekistics start with the premise that
human settlements are susceptible of
human premises of systematic
investigation.
• In order to create the cities of future we
need to systematically develop a
science of human settlement.
• The target is to build the cities of
optimum size that is a city which
respects human dimension.
• The whole range of human settlement
is a very complex method of five
elements - nature, man, society, shell
and network.
5. EKISTICS PRINCIPLES
1. Maximization of mans potential with the elements
of nature(such as water and trees),with other
people and with the works of man(such as building
and roads)
2. Minimization of the effort requires for the
achievement for the man’s actual and potential
contacts.
3. Optimization of man’s protective space, which
means the selection of such a distance from other
persons, animals or objects that he can keep his
contacts with them without any kind of discomfort.
4. Optimization of the quality of man’s relationship
with his environment which consist of nature,
society, shells and networks. This is the principle
that leads to order, physiological and aesthetic ,and
that influences architecture.
5. Man organizes his settlement in an attempt to
achieve an optimum synthesis of the other four
principles.
6. Village in Pre Urban area City in Beginning Urban area Early dynapolis
Dynapolis:-Industrial Era Metropolis:-Industrial Era Megalopolis (Large political units)
DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT
8. ISLAMABAD: THE CAPITAL OF PAKISTAN
• The main reason for the
creation of new capital of
Pakistan was that a proper
environment should be
provided for the country’s
administrative functions.
• The hills lying near the rawal
lake formed an ideal setting
for the administrative sector.
• On the basis of the theory
and principles of the ‘city of
future’ the administrative as
well as central sector of the
city both began at the core of
Islamabad.
9. THE MASTER PLAN AND DYNAMETROPLIS
CONCEPT
• Islamabad is one of the example of
modern urban planning.
• The cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi
will develop as twin cities serving each
other in complementary ways.
• Islamabad will be the capital of the
nation and will serve mainly
administrative and cultural functions.
Rawalpindi will remain the regional
center serving industrial and commercial
functions.
• The master plan for both cities has the
flexibility to allow for future expansions
of the center. It has been designed on
the basis of the ideal city of the future
and to form a dyna-metropolis.
• planned to develop dynamically towards
the south-west.
ISLAMABA
D
RAWALPINDI
NATIONAL PARK
10. ISLAMABAD MASTER PLAN-ENVIRONMENT
FRIENDLY DESIGN
• Islamabad was designed to provide a healthy climate, pollution-free atmosphere,
plenty of water and lush green area.
• the city is divided into 8 basic zones-administrative, diplomatic enclave, residential
areas, educational sectors, industrial sectors, commercial areas, rural and green
areas.
• Each sector has its own shopping area and public park
• Each sector was kept separated through green belts which also act as oxygen
generators.
11. THE ADMINISTRATIVE SECTOR OF
ISLAMABAD
• The drawing shows the location of
administrative center within the
overall plan of Islamabad.
• The main axis runs through the core
of Islamabad .
• Due to fixed road, and the location
of the administrative center on a
higher level, this section of the
capital which is its brain center will
dominate the city even after it has
expanded and fully grown along the
pattern provided.
THE ADMINISTRATIVE SECTOR WITHIN ISLAMABAD
12. ASPRA SPITIA, GREECE
• Aspra Spitia is a small settlement planned by
Doxiadis Associates for the company
"Aluminion de Greece" to house industrial
workers and personnel employed at its nearby
aluminum plant.
• Situated on the coast of the Corinthian Gulf, it
was designed for a projected population of
5,000, it proposed the construction of a total
of 1,100 dwellings, including one and two-
story houses, bachelor apartments, stores and
shops, a customs house, a school and
recreational and other facilities.
• The project was assigned in 1961.
Master Plan
Aspara Spitia
13. RECONNAISSANCE
• DA's planners were faced with the question of what
type of settlement they should create on that coast
of the Corinthian Gulf that would best serve the
needs of its industrial population and still harmonize
with the environment and its history.
• They rejected the idea of a typical industrial
settlement with uniform apartment buildings where
the people would feel like expatriates and refugees.
• They decided that they should create a "Greek
town" in which people could easily identify all the
cultural traditions they were brought up with and
could preserve them as a most valuable inheritance.
• The aim of the planners was to create a sequence of
spaces in which scale, form and character would
follow the sequence of importance of "events" in
the life of the town.
View
Pathway with olive trees
14. PLANNING
• On the L-shaped site four neighborhoods were
created, each surrounded by a peripheral road
and penetrated by culs-de-sac(street with
dead ends) in selected locations only.
• At the junction of the two legs of the L, the
shopping, business and civic center was set
up, with the administrative center just below
it.
• A zone along the waterfront was reserved for
recreational and tourist facilities.
• Then, each neighborhood and the center were
studied in great detail with particular attention
to the feeling of space one would have in
walking through its pedestrian ways, small
squares, streets and piazzas.
15. DWELLINGS
• In the housing study the main effort was to
realize the maximum visual richness with
standardized house types.
• Variations were introduced by altering the basic
units according to north or south orientation,
corner location, and so forth.
• The planners chose to use only one type of house
in each row to create a more coherent and
disciplined community organization, to simplify
the construction and to reduce costs.
• Exterior-finish materials of the houses are stone,
concrete and wood joinery. The great majority of
the stone walls of the houses are whitewashed.
• The whitewashing of the walls gives a
marvelously "Greek" effect combined with the
color and shape of the olive trees.
Street view
Houses
16. • In addition to the sculpturesque design of
the facades of the buildings, the three-
dimensional effect is enhanced by the use of
a variety of elements in the design of yards
and streets, such as stone walls and fences,
steps, pergolas, pavements of different
textures (stone, concrete), grassy areas, and
benches.
CONCLUSION:
• Aspra Spitia settlement possesses the special
urban feeling characteristic of Greek cities of
the past - a feeling induced by a town in
which cohesion does not abolish
individuality, privacy in interior yards does
not conflict with social togetherness in the
street or square, and the physical scale and
treatment express the hierarchy of values in
urban living.
Current View
