Pt

1. Presentation
on
Energy Management of Hybrid Vehicles
PRESENTED
BY
Chandresh Tripathi

2. CONTENTS
1. Why Hybrid Vehicles
2. Introduction
3. Classification of HV’s
4. Degrees of Hybridization
5. HV Advantages Over Conventional Engines
6. Energy Management System
7. Conclusions
8. References

3. Why Hybrid Vehicles?
Solution:
Improve the existing power system efficiency, alternate
fuels, new materials or alternate power systems like hybrid
vehicles
Environmental Concerns:
• Increasing greenhouse emissions
• Global warming,
Practical Concerns:
• Increasing automobiles
• Declining oil reserves

4. Introduction
Hybrid Vehicles:
 A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that is propelled by two or more
distinct types of power sources, such as-
Diesel – Electric
 Nuclear – Electric
 Gasoline – Electric
 The basic principle with hybrid vehicles is that the motor work
better at different speeds and more efficient for producing
torque, or turning power.
 The combustion engine is better for high speed.

5. Basic Structure of a Hybrid Vehicle

6. Classification Of Hybrid Vehicles
A. Based on Architecture:
1) Series Hybrid Vehicle
2) Parallel Hybrid Vehicle
3) Series-Parallel Hybrid Vehicle
B. Based on Degree of Hybridization:
1) Micro Hybrid Vehicle
2) Mild Hybrid Vehicle
3) Full Hybrid Vehicle
4) Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle

7. Series Hybrid Vehicle
Vehicle propulsion is by a electric motor only
ICE is used for charging the HV battery

8. Parallel Hybrid Vehicle
Uses multiple propulsion energy sources
This means the electric motor and ICE propels the vehicle

9. Series-Parallel Hybrid Vehicles
These vehicles can operate using the electric motor alone
or with assist of the ICE
They combine both functions of series and parallel design

10. EVs 101
Degrees of Hybridization
The vehicle is a….
If it…
Automatically stops/starts the engine
in stop-and-go traffic
Uses regenerative braking and
operates above 60 volts
Uses an electric motor to assist a
combustion engine
Can drive at times using only the
electric motor
Recharges batteries from a wall outlet
for extended all-electric range
Micro
Hybrid
Citroën C3
Mild
Hybrid
Honda Insight
Plug-
in
Hybrid
Chevy Volt
Full
Hybrid
Toyota Prius
Efficiency

11. HV Advantages Over Conventional Engines
 Regenerative Braking
 Reduction in engine and vehicle weight
 Fuel efficiency is increased
 Emissions are decreased
 Cut emissions of global warming pollutants by 1/3 or 1/2
 Reduce the dependency on fossil fuels
 2 times more efficient than conventional engines
 The electric motor is far more efficient (70%-85%
efficiency) than the heat engine.
 EV’s can use regenerative stopping (regain 30% of energy
used, theoretically).

12. Energy Management System
 EMS is basically a control algorithm which determines how the power is
produced in a power train and distributed as a function of vehicle
parameters.
The presence of the electric power train is intended to achieve either
better fuel economy or better performance than a conventional vehicle .
Switching from one to the other at the proper time while speeding up
yields greater fuel efficiency.
The main functions of EMS would be:
• Optimize energy flow for better efficiency
• Predict available energy and driving range
• Propose a suitable battery charging algorithm
• Use regenerative braking to charge the batteries
• Suggest more efficient driving behavior
• Report any malfunctions and corrects them

13. Energy Management System

14. Evolution of Energy management System
Trends in Energy
Management System

15. Conclusions:
 With the ever more stringent constraints on energy resources and
environmental concerns, HVs will attract more interest from the
automotive industry and the consumer.
 The main issue of HV is how to optimize the multiple energy
sources to obtain best fuel economy or low emission at lower
cost.
 Energy Management is the prime key technology in HVs, hence
the control theory of HVs should be further Advanced.
 A fair and credible evaluation system of energy management
strategies is helpful to design a suitable energy management
strategy for specific HV with particular performance objectives.
 The tradeoff between computation complexity and optimization
performance of energy management strategy remains an open
issue.

16. References:
1) A comprehensive analysis of energy management strategies for hybrid
electric vehicles based on bibliometrics Pei Zhang ,Fuwu Yan, Chang
qing Du Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 48(2015)88–104
2) A Comprehensive Study of Key Electric Vehicle (EV) Components,
Technologies, Challenges, Impacts, and Future Direction of Development
Fuad Un-Noor 1, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban 2,*, Lucian Mihet-Popa 3,
Mohammad Nurunnabi Mollah 1 and Eklas Hossain 4,*Energies 2017,
10, 1217; doi:10.3390/en10081217
3) Fundamentals and Classification of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Ojas M.
Govardhan International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume
3 Issue 5, Sep - Oct 2017
4) The State of the Art of Electric,Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles, By C. C.
Chan, Fellow IEEE, Proceedings of the IEEE | Vol. 95, No. 4, April 2007
5) Towards Optimal Power Management of Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Real-
Time: A Review on Methods, Challenges, and State-Of-The-Art Solutions,
Ahmed M. Ali ID and Dirk Söffker, Energies 2018, 11, 476;
doi:10.3390/en11030476

17. Thank You