This document discusses structured cabling networks. It describes open versus closed cabling systems, with open systems being more flexible and allowing voice, video, and data over the same cable. It also discusses backbone and horizontal cabling, topologies like bus, ring and star, benefits like flexibility and lower costs, standards organizations, color coding, and installation practices. The key advantages of structured cabling are flexibility, future-proofing, easy moves and changes, and simplicity.
1. ”
“Overview
Structured Cabling Technologies
What are structure cabling networks
Closed vs. Open structures
Backbone and Horizontal cable
Installed environments
Different types and compare and contrast them
Benefits
Color coding and Wiring sequence
Installation practices
2. Structured Cabling
Cabling system that allows constant moves and changes to be performed
by on site personnel
Growth and flexibility built into the cabling scheme
Can be either proprietary (closed) or non proprietary (open)
3. Open System Architecture
Closed systems are proprietary to a particular vendor or system
Open system give greater flexibility by being applications and
vendor independent.
Why open
Facility to run voice, video, data service over same cable.
Investment protects
On site personnel can perform their own shifts and changes, thus
reducing the cost of ownership
Closed vs. Open
7. Topology | Advantages
•Inexpensive to maintain
•Requires less cable
•Does not require extensive training
•Good choice for small networks
Bus
•Provides equal access for all devices on the ring
•Easier to manage and maintain than bus topology
•Easier to manage and maintain than bus topology
•Handles high volume traffic well
Ring
•Easy to install and upgrade
•Central hub makes troubleshooting easy
•Easier to manage and maintain that bus and ring topologiesStar
8. Topology | disadvantages
•Difficult to isolate malfunctions because of series connections
•When one device fails, all devices fail
•Heavy traffic causes considerable slowdowns and network
crashes
Bus
•Difficult to isolate malfunctions
•Expansion of network disrupts services for allRing
•Hub failure causes entire network to go down
•More expensive for cablingStar
9. Benefits of structured cabling
Greater flexibility
Future-proof solution
Easy, low cost moves and changes
Simpler to manage
No downtime when reconnecting equipments
Independent of protocol and network technologies
10. Standards & Terminology
Standard organizations
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
ISO (International Standards Organization)
ANSI/EIA/TIA
11. UTP Color Coding
The purpose of giving color codes to identify
each pair easily.
Both UTP and STP confirms this standard
Wiring sequence
The cable color code is the 568B standard on each
end of a straight-through 10/100BaseT cable. If a
crossover cable is needed, use the 568A standard
on one end and 568B on the other end
Use a straight thru cable assembly,568B on both
ends when connecting Hub to Xcvr or NIC Card.
When connecting hub to hub, Xcvr to Xcvr, or NIC
to NIC, the wires must crossover at the opposite
end of the cable assembly,use the 568B on one
end, 568A on the other end
12. Elements of structured cabling
systems
UTP cables
UTP CAT 5
UTP CAT 6e
STP CAT 5e
UTP patch
panel
Z-Max 6
Z-Max 6A
CAT 6
UTP Wall
Outlet
CAT 5
CAT 6
CAT 7
UTP Patch
code &
Adapters
CAT 5e
RJ 45
Cable
Management
Panel
558329-1
ICCMSCMA42
15. References
[1] “Structured Cabling”. Arp 17 2010.
Available http://www.slideshare.net/chrismcandrew/structured-cabling. [Accessed: Aug 1, 2014].
[2] Structured Cabling Systems. [E-book] Available: http://k-
12.pisd.edu/currinst/network/if1_4st.pdf [Accessed: 2 Aug 2014].
Editor's Notes
Here we focus on both logical and physical arrangements of networks. Topologies described include bus, ring, star and hybrid etc…
In order to design, install, troubleshoot, and maintain networks administrators must have a good understanding of these topologies and cabling structures.
A structured cabling system allows moves, adds and changes to occur quickly and cost effectively.
Prevents the downtime of the network. And thereby can save substantial amount of money.
An average network crashes 20 times per year, 70% time due to inferior cabling.
Proprietary Cabling System
Has specific design parameters and is dependent on network technology and/or vendor equipment which requires specific connectors and cable.
Open Cabling System
Has universal cabling design which will support all LAN protocols and traditional telephony.
Applicable standards for Open system
ANSI/TIA/EIA-568A
ANSI/TIA/EIA-569
ANSI/TIA/EIA-606
ISO/IEC/IS-11801
Backbone cabling
Backbone cabling is the wiring that runs vertically between floors and/or between equipment rooms. Backbone cabling provides the interconnections between equipment rooms and the building entrance site, including cross-connects, patch cords, and terminators. Backbone cabling can also extend between buildings.
When planning a network it is a good idea to double or even triple the length of backbone cable that is needed for installation. This provides for expansion and the ability to run redundant connections.
Horizontal cabling
Horizontal cable is the physical media that runs from the wall jack at the workstation outlet to the termination in the equipment room. It also includes the cable run from the wall outlet to the workstation, and the cable in equipment closets that connects hubs, switches, and so on. These short pieces of cable are called patch cords or patch cable. There is a 3- meter limit from the wall jack to the workstation and a 6-meter limit between equipment in the telecommunications closet
Outlet provision
Each work area should have minimum of two outlets
A work area should be assumed to be approximately 10 square metres
Note: Here, we are mainly discussing on three main topologies
Bus topology
Bus topology requires less cable than other topologies since it is a continuous series and not a point-to-point network. This keeps the costs down. Extending bus topology is accomplished by joining two cable segments with a connector or by adding repeaters. This can create transmission delays and errors. Technically speaking, bus networks are easy to use and understand and do not require extensive training. As networks grow, the excess traffic can slow the network or cause it to crash. All of these factors made it an excellent topology choice for small workplace
and home networks in the primary stages of networking.
Ring topology
Like bus topology, all computer devices are connected to the same cable segment. However, it is one continuous connection with no beginning or end point. Termination is not required. The signal flows in only one direction in ring topology and each device in the ring receives the signal and examines it. If the transmission is not intended for that device, the signal is regenerated and passed on to the next device in the ring.
Star topology
Star topology is a point-to-point architectural design where all computer devices are connected to a central hub, through which all data signals must travel. There are both active and passive hubs. Passive hubs send data without amplification; active hubs amplify data signals.
Note: only three have discussed here
Note: only three have discussed here
Greater flexibility
Replaces multiple wiring systems with a single, unified infrastructure that carries data in any format, from voice to video. Whether you want to connect a PC, telephone or fax, you simply plug in the appropriate adapter to the socket.
Future-proof solution
It has the ability to carry high bandwidth which means you are investing in a solution that will be able to support emerging applications. You're safe in the knowledge that your cabling infrastructure won't become out-dated in a couple of years.
Easy, low cost moves and changes
You can make moves and changes in a matter of minutes. Whether it is an individual changing desks or an entire department restructuring and moving floors, they simply plug-in and get back to work straightaway. This in-built flexibility means your organisation can save time and money.
Simpler to manage
It makes sense to invest in a single cabling infrastructure. Not only is it more cost effective than investing in two discrete cabling networks, it is generally much easier to manage.
ANSI/EIA/TIA – American National Standards Institute / Electrical Industries Association/Telecommunication Industries Association
Consortium of manufacturers, vendors, users and other interested parties responsible for the family of standards associated with design, installation and use of structured Cabling Systems.
ISO/IEC 11801
ISO/IEC 11801 : IT- Cabling for customer premise
ISO/IEC 14763-1 : Administration, documentation, records
ISO/IEC 14763-2 : Planning and Installation practices
ISO/IEC 14763-3 : Testing of optical fibre cabling
IEC 61935-1 : Testing of copper cabling
There are two popular wiring schemes that most people use today: the T-568A and T-568B. These differ only in which color-coded pairs are connected -- pairs 2 and 3 are reversed. Both work equally well, as long as you don't mix them. If we always use only one version, we're okay, but if we mix A and B in a cable run, we will get crossed pairs.
The structured cabling consists of the following components: active routers, switchespassive cables, interconnecting panels, distribution boxes
Conduit cabling
Both outside plant and in-building communications cable are often placed in conduit or duct. The conduit provides protection from both physical and environmental abuse. In underground installation, conduit protects cable from shifting rocks, aggressive rodents, and/or damage from hand shovels. Underground cable that is in conduit is easy to replace or upgrade. The old cable can be pulled out of the conduit and the new pulled in without extensive and expensive digging.
Under Floor
When running underground cable, the only kind of cable to use is type UF (underground feeder) electrical cable.
Suspended ceiling
This is a stable of modern construction and architecture in both residential and commercial applications.
Cable tray
In the electrical wiring of buildings, a cable tray system is used to support insulated electric cables used for power distribution and communication. Cable trays are used as an alternative to open wiring or electrical conduit systems, and are commonly used for cable management in commercial and industrial construction.
Application of theoretical learning in the real work scenarios.