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Ecuaciones lineal y homogena
Integrate:
Carlys Nuñez CI 27217246
Seccion:3100
UC: Matematica aplicada.
HOMOGENEA
7) Hallar la solucion de la EDO 𝑦′′′
− 𝑦 = 0
Solucion:
Como la ecuacion tiene forma
𝑎𝑛(𝑥)
𝑑𝑛𝑦
𝑑𝑥𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛+(𝑥)
𝑑𝑛−1𝑦
𝑑𝑥𝑛−1 + … + 𝑎,(𝑥)=0 con 𝑎; ≠ 0
Es Homogenea
Representamos la EDO con una ecuacion auxiliar y calculamos sus raices.
𝑠3
− 1 = 0
Factorizamos luego 𝑠2
+ 𝑠 + 1 = 0
1 0 0 -1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 0
Aplicamos la ecuacion de 2° grado con: a:1 b:1 c:1
𝑠 =
−𝑏±√𝑏2−4𝑎𝑐
2𝑎
= -1 ±
−1±√−12−4.1.1
2.1
=
−1±√1−4
2
𝑠2=
−1
2
+
√3
2
; 𝑠 = 𝛼 + 𝑤𝑖
S =
−1±√3
2
𝑠3 =
−1
2
−
√3
2
; 𝛼 =
−1
2
𝑤 = ±
√3
2
Luego la solucion tiene dada por
𝑦ℎ = 𝐶1ⅇ𝑠1𝑥
+ ⅇ𝛼𝑥(𝐶2 cos 𝑤𝑥 + 𝑠ⅇ𝑛𝑤𝑥)
𝑦ℎ= 𝐶1ⅇ𝑥
+ ⅇ−1/2 𝑋
[𝐶2 cos (
√3
2
𝑥) + 𝐶3𝑠ⅇ𝑛 (
−√3
2
𝑥)]
con 𝐶1,𝐶2,𝐶3 constante
8) Hallar la solucion de la EDO
𝑦′′′
− 5𝑦′′
+ 3𝑦′
+ 9𝑦 = 0
Solucion:
Como la EDO puede escribirse bajo la formula
𝑎𝑛(𝑥)
𝑑𝑛𝑦
𝑑𝑥𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1+(𝑥)
𝑑𝑛−1𝑦
𝑑𝑥𝑛−1 + … + 𝑎,(𝑥)=0 con 𝑎; ≠ 0
Es homogenea
Luego usamos una ecuacion auxilar para representarla y calcular sus raices.
𝑆3
− 5𝑆2
+ 3𝑆 + 9 = 0
Factorizamos: la solucion viene dada por:
1 -5 3 9
-1 -1 6 -9 𝑦ℎ = 𝐶1ⅇ𝑠1𝑥
+ 𝐶2ⅇ𝑠2𝑥
+ 𝐶3ⅇ𝑠3𝑥
1 -6 9 0 𝑦ℎ= 𝐶1ⅇ𝑎𝑥
+ 𝐶2 ⅇ3𝑥
+ 𝐶3ⅇ3𝑥
con 𝐶1,𝐶2,𝐶3
3 3 -9
1 -3 0
3 3
1 o
LINEALES
7) Resolver
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑇
+𝑥ⅇ𝑇
= 1 − 𝑥
Solucion:
La ecuacion diferencial es lineal , ya que la variable dependiente “x” aparece la derivada sin
exponente y sin otra funcion
Debemos llevarla a la forma:
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑇
+ 𝑥ⅇ𝑇
+ 𝑥 = 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑇
+ 𝑥(ⅇ𝑇
+ 1) = 1
Identificamos:
𝑃 (J)= ⅇ𝑇
+ 1 ∧ 𝑞(J)= 1
Aplicamos:
𝑦𝑀 = ∫ 𝑞𝑀 ⅆ𝑥 donde 𝑀 = ⅇ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑀 = ⅇ∫ (ⅇ𝑇+1)𝑑𝑇
= ⅇ∫ ⅇ𝑇𝑑𝑇
+ ⅇ𝑑𝑇
= ⅇⅇ𝑇+𝑇
Integrando
Luego sustituimos:
𝑥ⅇⅇ𝑇+𝑇
= ∫ ⅇⅇ𝑇+𝑇
ⅆ𝑇=∫ ⅇⅇ𝑇
ⅇ𝑇
ⅆ𝑡 = ⅇⅇ𝑇
+ 𝑐 Integrando
𝑥ⅇⅇ𝑇+𝑇
= ⅇⅇ𝑇
+ 𝑐
𝑥 =
ⅇⅇ𝑇
ⅇⅇ𝑇+𝑇 +
c
ⅇⅇ𝑇+𝑇 = ⅇⅇ𝑇−ⅇ𝑇−𝑇
+ 𝑐ⅇ−ⅇ𝑇−𝑇
propiedad de potencia
𝑥 = ⅇ−𝑇
+ 𝑐ⅇ−ⅇ𝑇−𝑇
8) Resolver
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
=5𝑥 + y
Solucion
La ecuacion diferencial es lineal ya que la variable dependiente “x” no aparece con exponentes al
igual que su derivada luego Debemos llevarla a la forma 𝑦′
+ 𝑃(𝑥) 𝑦 = 𝑞(𝑥)
Reordenamos
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
− 5𝑥 = 𝑦 𝑥′
− 5𝑥 = 𝑦
Identificamos 𝑃(𝑦)= 5 ∧ 𝑞(𝑦) = 𝑦
Aplicamos
𝑥𝑀 = ∫ 𝑞𝑀 ⅆ𝑥 donde 𝑀 = ⅇ∫ 𝑃(𝑦)𝑑𝑦
𝑀 = ⅇ∫ −5(𝑦)𝑑𝑦
= ⅇ−5∫ 𝑑𝑦
= ⅇ−5𝑦
Sustituimos 𝑥ⅇ−5𝑦
= ∫ 𝑦ⅇ−5𝑦
ⅆ𝑦 = Aplicamos Integración por partes ∫ 𝑈 ⅆ𝜈 = 𝑈𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 ⅆ𝑈
𝑈 = 𝑦 ⅆ𝜈 = ⅇ−5𝑦
ⅆ𝑦
ⅆ𝑈 = ⅆ𝑦 𝜈 =
−1
5
ⅇ−5𝑦
𝑥ⅇ−5𝑦
= ∫ 𝑦ⅇ−5𝑦
ⅆ𝑦
𝑥ⅇ−5𝑦
=
−1
5
𝑦ⅇ−5𝑦
− ∫
−1
5
𝑦ⅇ−5𝑦
ⅆ𝑦
𝑥ⅇ−5𝑦
=
−1
5
𝑦ⅇ−5𝑦
+
1
5
∫ ⅇ−5𝑦
ⅆ𝑦
𝑥ⅇ−5𝑦
=
−1
5
𝑦ⅇ−5𝑦
−
1
5
1
5
∫ ⅇ−5𝑦(−5)ⅆ𝑦 =
−1
5
𝑦ⅇ−5𝑦
1
25
ⅇ−5𝑦
ⅆ𝑦 + 𝑐
𝑥 =
−𝑦ⅇ−5𝑦
5ⅇ−5𝑦
−
ⅇ−5𝑦
25ⅇ−5𝑦
+
𝑐
ⅇ−5𝑦
𝑥 = −
𝑦
5
−
1
25
+ 𝑐ⅇ5𝑦

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Ecuaciones lineal y homogena..

  • 1. Ecuaciones lineal y homogena Integrate: Carlys Nuñez CI 27217246 Seccion:3100 UC: Matematica aplicada.
  • 2. HOMOGENEA 7) Hallar la solucion de la EDO 𝑦′′′ − 𝑦 = 0 Solucion: Como la ecuacion tiene forma 𝑎𝑛(𝑥) 𝑑𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑥𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛+(𝑥) 𝑑𝑛−1𝑦 𝑑𝑥𝑛−1 + … + 𝑎,(𝑥)=0 con 𝑎; ≠ 0 Es Homogenea Representamos la EDO con una ecuacion auxiliar y calculamos sus raices. 𝑠3 − 1 = 0 Factorizamos luego 𝑠2 + 𝑠 + 1 = 0 1 0 0 -1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 Aplicamos la ecuacion de 2° grado con: a:1 b:1 c:1 𝑠 = −𝑏±√𝑏2−4𝑎𝑐 2𝑎 = -1 ± −1±√−12−4.1.1 2.1 = −1±√1−4 2 𝑠2= −1 2 + √3 2 ; 𝑠 = 𝛼 + 𝑤𝑖 S = −1±√3 2 𝑠3 = −1 2 − √3 2 ; 𝛼 = −1 2 𝑤 = ± √3 2 Luego la solucion tiene dada por 𝑦ℎ = 𝐶1ⅇ𝑠1𝑥 + ⅇ𝛼𝑥(𝐶2 cos 𝑤𝑥 + 𝑠ⅇ𝑛𝑤𝑥) 𝑦ℎ= 𝐶1ⅇ𝑥 + ⅇ−1/2 𝑋 [𝐶2 cos ( √3 2 𝑥) + 𝐶3𝑠ⅇ𝑛 ( −√3 2 𝑥)] con 𝐶1,𝐶2,𝐶3 constante
  • 3. 8) Hallar la solucion de la EDO 𝑦′′′ − 5𝑦′′ + 3𝑦′ + 9𝑦 = 0 Solucion: Como la EDO puede escribirse bajo la formula 𝑎𝑛(𝑥) 𝑑𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑥𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1+(𝑥) 𝑑𝑛−1𝑦 𝑑𝑥𝑛−1 + … + 𝑎,(𝑥)=0 con 𝑎; ≠ 0 Es homogenea Luego usamos una ecuacion auxilar para representarla y calcular sus raices. 𝑆3 − 5𝑆2 + 3𝑆 + 9 = 0 Factorizamos: la solucion viene dada por: 1 -5 3 9 -1 -1 6 -9 𝑦ℎ = 𝐶1ⅇ𝑠1𝑥 + 𝐶2ⅇ𝑠2𝑥 + 𝐶3ⅇ𝑠3𝑥 1 -6 9 0 𝑦ℎ= 𝐶1ⅇ𝑎𝑥 + 𝐶2 ⅇ3𝑥 + 𝐶3ⅇ3𝑥 con 𝐶1,𝐶2,𝐶3 3 3 -9 1 -3 0 3 3 1 o
  • 4. LINEALES 7) Resolver 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑇 +𝑥ⅇ𝑇 = 1 − 𝑥 Solucion: La ecuacion diferencial es lineal , ya que la variable dependiente “x” aparece la derivada sin exponente y sin otra funcion Debemos llevarla a la forma: 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑇 + 𝑥ⅇ𝑇 + 𝑥 = 1 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑇 + 𝑥(ⅇ𝑇 + 1) = 1 Identificamos: 𝑃 (J)= ⅇ𝑇 + 1 ∧ 𝑞(J)= 1 Aplicamos: 𝑦𝑀 = ∫ 𝑞𝑀 ⅆ𝑥 donde 𝑀 = ⅇ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑀 = ⅇ∫ (ⅇ𝑇+1)𝑑𝑇 = ⅇ∫ ⅇ𝑇𝑑𝑇 + ⅇ𝑑𝑇 = ⅇⅇ𝑇+𝑇 Integrando Luego sustituimos: 𝑥ⅇⅇ𝑇+𝑇 = ∫ ⅇⅇ𝑇+𝑇 ⅆ𝑇=∫ ⅇⅇ𝑇 ⅇ𝑇 ⅆ𝑡 = ⅇⅇ𝑇 + 𝑐 Integrando 𝑥ⅇⅇ𝑇+𝑇 = ⅇⅇ𝑇 + 𝑐 𝑥 = ⅇⅇ𝑇 ⅇⅇ𝑇+𝑇 + c ⅇⅇ𝑇+𝑇 = ⅇⅇ𝑇−ⅇ𝑇−𝑇 + 𝑐ⅇ−ⅇ𝑇−𝑇 propiedad de potencia 𝑥 = ⅇ−𝑇 + 𝑐ⅇ−ⅇ𝑇−𝑇
  • 5. 8) Resolver 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 =5𝑥 + y Solucion La ecuacion diferencial es lineal ya que la variable dependiente “x” no aparece con exponentes al igual que su derivada luego Debemos llevarla a la forma 𝑦′ + 𝑃(𝑥) 𝑦 = 𝑞(𝑥) Reordenamos 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 5𝑥 = 𝑦 𝑥′ − 5𝑥 = 𝑦 Identificamos 𝑃(𝑦)= 5 ∧ 𝑞(𝑦) = 𝑦 Aplicamos 𝑥𝑀 = ∫ 𝑞𝑀 ⅆ𝑥 donde 𝑀 = ⅇ∫ 𝑃(𝑦)𝑑𝑦 𝑀 = ⅇ∫ −5(𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = ⅇ−5∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ⅇ−5𝑦 Sustituimos 𝑥ⅇ−5𝑦 = ∫ 𝑦ⅇ−5𝑦 ⅆ𝑦 = Aplicamos Integración por partes ∫ 𝑈 ⅆ𝜈 = 𝑈𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 ⅆ𝑈 𝑈 = 𝑦 ⅆ𝜈 = ⅇ−5𝑦 ⅆ𝑦 ⅆ𝑈 = ⅆ𝑦 𝜈 = −1 5 ⅇ−5𝑦 𝑥ⅇ−5𝑦 = ∫ 𝑦ⅇ−5𝑦 ⅆ𝑦 𝑥ⅇ−5𝑦 = −1 5 𝑦ⅇ−5𝑦 − ∫ −1 5 𝑦ⅇ−5𝑦 ⅆ𝑦 𝑥ⅇ−5𝑦 = −1 5 𝑦ⅇ−5𝑦 + 1 5 ∫ ⅇ−5𝑦 ⅆ𝑦 𝑥ⅇ−5𝑦 = −1 5 𝑦ⅇ−5𝑦 − 1 5 1 5 ∫ ⅇ−5𝑦(−5)ⅆ𝑦 = −1 5 𝑦ⅇ−5𝑦 1 25 ⅇ−5𝑦 ⅆ𝑦 + 𝑐 𝑥 = −𝑦ⅇ−5𝑦 5ⅇ−5𝑦 − ⅇ−5𝑦 25ⅇ−5𝑦 + 𝑐 ⅇ−5𝑦 𝑥 = − 𝑦 5 − 1 25 + 𝑐ⅇ5𝑦