PATIENT SAFETY & EARLY INTERVENTION AND MANAGEMENT

1. AED & It’s Application

2. Introduction :
AED (Automated External Defibrillator) is a portable type of
external defibrillator that automatically diagnose the ventricular
fibrillation in a patient and restore a normal heartbeat by sending
an electric shock to the heart. They are used to prevent or correct
an arrhythmia, a heartbeat that is uneven or that is too slow or too
fast.
With simple audio and visual commands, AEDs are designed to be
simple to use for the layperson, and the use of AEDs is taught in
many first aid, certified first responder, and basic life support
(BLS) level, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) classes.

3. History
• First demonstrated on dogs in 1899 by Jean-Louis Prévost &
Frederic Batelli, two physiologists from University of Geneva,
Switzerland.
• The first use on a human was in 1947 by Claude Beck,
professor of surgery at Case Western Reserve University.
• Transthoracic defibrillation was first used in humans using
alternating current (AC).
• Bernard Lown and his coworkers introduced direct current
(DC) defibrillators into clinical practice.
 The portable version of the defibrillator was invented in the mid-
1960s by Frank Pantridge in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

4. Who needs an AED :
People who are Pulseless (Lacking a Pulse) and Apneic
(Referring to Apnea, Breathless); often referred to as Cardiac
Arrest.
Normal heart pulse
Pulse-less polymorphic VT/VF.
Asystole Pulse less electrical activity (PEA)

5. How to use :
There are 4 universal steps –
 Turn on the AED
 Select and Apply Pads
 Analyze Heart Rhythm
 Deliver Shock/Resume CPR

6. How to use (steps) :
• Step 1: Turn the defibrillator on by pressing the green button and follow its
instructions.
• Step 2: Peel off the sticky pads and attach them to the patient’s skin, one on each
side of the chest, as shown in the picture on the defibrillator.
• Step 3: Once the pads have been attached, stop CPR and don’t touch the patient. The
defibrillator will then analyse the patient’s heart rhythm.
• Step 4: The defibrillator will assess whether a shock is needed and if so, it will tell
to press the shock button (An automatic defibrillator will shock the patient without
prompt). Do not touch the patient while they are being shocked.
• Step 5: The defibrillator will tell when the shock has been delivered and whether
need to continue CPR.
• Step 6: Continue with chest compressions and rescue breaths until the patient shows
signs of life or the defibrillator tells to stop so it can analyse the heartbeat again.

7. ADVANTAGES
 Recommended by current resuscitation
guidelines .
 Widely used.
 Allows health care professionals to override
the device and deliver a shock manually,
independently of prompts.
 Safer, no risk of inappropriate shocks to the
rescuer.
 Easier to use and more appropriate for lay-rescuers.
 Better compliance with resuscitation
protocols.

8. DISADVANTAGES
 More complex to use for the untrained
responders.
 More difficult to synchronize with CPR
maneuvers for lay rescuers.
 Longer times until shock delivery.
 Risk of electrocution for the rescuer if
inappropriately used.
 No possibility to override the device.
 Not recommended by current guidelines except
for special situations.

9. CONCLUSION
 The main purpose of this study was to determine
the use of AED not only improves the survival
rate but also improves the quality of life of the
survivors after discharge.
 The use of the AED programs in the community
is effective.
 The study demonstrates that people not related to
the medical field can equally contribute to the
improvement of survival rate using AED in our
societies.

10. THANK YOU