The document summarizes the structure and functions of the cerebellum. It discusses the following key points: 1. The cerebellum has two hemispheres and three cerebellar legs containing intracerebellar nuclei and white matter. It receives sensory input from various tracts including the spinal cord and vestibular system. 2. The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements, maintains balance and muscle tone, and regulates physiological reflexes. Damage can cause ataxia, dysarthria, nystagmus and other movement disorders. 3. Syndromes of damage to the cerebellar worm include muscular discoordination of the head and trunk. Damage to the hemispheres causes limb atax

1. Lecture №5
Lecturer: Kubanychbekova Gulzara

2. The structure of the cerebellum
•Two hemispheres (cerebellar cortex,
intracerebellar nuclei - dentatus,
emboliformis, globosus, fastigua; white matter
- afferent and efferent conducting fibers)
• Cerebellar legs (upper, middle, lower)
•Cerebellar worm

5. •Tr.Cortico-ponto-cerebellaris
•Tr.Cerebro-olivo-cerebellaris
•Tr.Cerebro-reticulo-cerebellaris
•Tr. Spino-cerebellaris anterior
•Tr. Spino-cerebellaris posterior
•Tr.Cuneo-cerebellaris
•Tr.Vestibulo-cerebellaris
Cerebellar afferent connections

6. Efferent pathways of the cerebellum
•Tr.Globose-emboliform-
rubralis
•Tr.Dento-thalamicus
•Tr.Fastigal - vestibularis
•Tr.Fastigal -reticularis

8. Cerebellar functions
•Receives afferent information about readiness for
derivative movements from the cerebral cortex,
muscles, tendons and joints
•Receives information about maintaining the balance
of the body from the vestibular nuclei, nerves
•Coordinates voluntary, friendly movements
•Regulates muscle tone

9. Cerebellar symptoms
• Muscle hypotension
• Postural changes, gait disturbance
• Voluntary movement disorder (ataxia)
• Dysdiadochokinesia
• Change in physiological reflexes
• Discoordination of the oculomotor muscles (nystagmus)
• Speech disorder (dysarthria)
• Handwriting disorders (macrography)

10. Syndromes of defeat of the cerebellar
worm
•Muscular discoordination predominantly of the
head and trunk, but not in the limbs
•A tendency to fall forward or backward
•Difficulty maintaining posture, head and body
position
• Difficulty in holding the trunk erect

11. Syndromes of defeat of the cerebellar
hemispheres
•Limb movement disorder
•Deviation or falling towards the affected
cerebellar hemisphere
•Presence of dysarthria and nystagmus

29. THANK YOU