Lori Roggman presents on PICCOLO, an observational measure of developmental parenting for children ages 1-3. PICCOLO measures parenting behaviors in 4 domains: affection, responsiveness, encouragement, and teaching. It was developed using video observations of parent-child interactions and predicts children's cognitive, language, and social-emotional development. PICCOLO can help practitioners provide parents with feedback on their strengths and ways to support their child's development through their interactions.

1. ©2013 Lori Roggman
An Observational Measure of
Developmental ParentingDevelopmental Parenting
Presentation by Lori A. Roggman, Ph.D

2. ©2013 Lori Roggman
Copyright © 2013 by Lori A. Roggman, Gina A. Cook, Mark S. Innocenti, and
Vonda Jump Norman. All rights reserved.
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Measurement development funded by
ACYF Grant # 90YF0050 and Utah State University

3. ©2013 Lori Roggman
2 questions
1. What is PICCOLO?
2. How can PICCOLO be used with families?

4. ©2013 Lori Roggman
What is PICCOLO?
Parenting Interactions with Children:
Checklist of Observations Linked to
Outcomes
Measure of parenting interactions
with children age 1 to 3
Developed at
Utah State University by
Lori A. Roggman
Gina A. Cook
Mark S. Innocenti
Vonda Jump Norman
Katie Christiansen

5. ©2013 Lori Roggman
PICCOLO is a measure of
Developmental ParentingDevelopmental Parenting
in 4 domains
AffectionAffection
ResponsivenessResponsiveness
EncouragementEncouragement
TeachingTeaching

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What is Developmental ParentingDevelopmental Parenting?
Parenting that helps children develop •
Parenting that develops over time
Parenting that parents may need help
to develop

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Social: security, self-regulation, relationships
Cognitive: exploration, reasoning
Language: communication, vocabulary
Developmental ParentingDevelopmental Parenting is a set of
parenting behaviors that research shows to
support 3 areas of child development:
What is Developmental ParentingDevelopmental Parenting?

8. ©2013 Lori Roggman
PICCOLO identifies parenting behaviors that
support early child development.
PICCOLO shows what parents are comfortable
doing and think is important to do.
PICCOLO can help early childhood practitioners
provide encouraging feedback about positive
parenting.
Why use PICCOLO ?

9. ©2013 Lori Roggman
What do practitioners say about PICCOLO?
It’s easy to learn.
It highlights parents’ skills.

10. ©2013 Lori Roggman
What is PICCOLO like?
Brief: requires only a 10-minute observation
Specific: has 29 behavior descriptions
Practical: helps guide program planning
Reliable: observers usually agree
Valid: predicts good child outcomes

11. ©2013 Lori Roggman
How was PICCOLO developed?
Data & video from the Early Head Start
Research & Evaluation Project
New observations of over 4,500 video clips from
over 2,000 families in 16 communities across the US.
29 items with best reliability and
validity from over 100 items

12. ©2013 Lori Roggman
Cultural Considerations
PICCOLO was tested in 3 ethnic groups:
• European American
• African American
• Latino American
PICCOLO observers of multiple ethnicities rated video
observations within and across ethnic groups.
PICCOLO is reliable and valid within each group.

13. ©2013 Lori Roggman
Reliable:
Independent observers rate PICCOLO items similarly
Valid:
PICCOLO scores are correlated with similar measures
PICCOLO scores predict children’s development
PICCOLO is . . .

14. ©2013 Lori Roggman
PICCOLO predicts child outcomes*
Cognitive
Bayley Mental Development Index at age 3
Woodcock-Johnson Problem Solving Subscale at age 5
Language
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test at ages 3 & 5
Woodcock-Johnson Letter-Word Subscale at age 5
Social-Emotional
Bayley Behavior Rating of Emotion Regulation at age 3
Child Behavior Checklist of Aggression at ages 3 & 5
* References for measures are in the PICCOLO User’s Guide

15. ©2013 Lori Roggman
Each PICCOLO domain has
7-8 behavior items

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PICCOLO Scoring
0 – Absent - no behavior observed
1 – Barely - brief, minor, or emerging behavior
2 – Clearly - definite, strong, or frequent behavior
Absent Barely Clearly
0 1 2

17. ©2013 Lori Roggman
Each PICCOLO item has
observation guidelines
*See PICCOLO tool for all items and guidelines.

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Each PICCOLO item has
additional observation notes
*See PICCOLO User’s Guide for additional observation notes.

19. ©2013 Lori Roggman
Scoring PICCOLO is simple
1. Sum the item scores to get a domain score.
2. Sum the domain scores to get a PICCOLO score
3. Higher item and domain scores are strengths.
*See PICCOLO User’s Guide for average domain scores by age.

20. ©2013 Lori Roggman
Domain 1:
AffectionAffection
Definition:Definition: Warmth, physical closeness, and
positive expressions toward child.

21. ©2013 Lori Roggman
Sample AffectionAffection items
0 – Absent - no behavior observed
1 – Barely - brief, minor, or emerging behavior
2 – Clearly - definite, strong, or frequent behavior

22. ©2013 Lori Roggman
Domain 2:
ResponsivenessResponsiveness
Definition:Definition: Responding to child’s cues, emotions,
words, interests, and behaviors.

23. ©2013 Lori Roggman
Sample ResponsivenessResponsiveness items
0 – Absent - no behavior observed
1 – Barely - brief, minor, or emerging behavior
2 – Clearly - definite, strong, or frequent behavior

24. ©2013 Lori Roggman
Domain 3:
EncouragementEncouragement
DefinitionDefinition:: Active support of child’s exploration, effort,
skills, initiative, curiosity, creativity, and play.

25. ©2013 Lori Roggman
Sample EncouragementEncouragement items
0 – Absent - no behavior observed
1 – Barely - brief, minor, or emerging behavior
2 – Clearly - definite, strong, or frequent behavior

26. ©2013 Lori Roggman
Domain 4:
TeachingTeaching
Definition:Definition: Shared conversation and play,
cognitive stimulation, explanations, and questions.

27. ©2013 Lori Roggman
Sample TeachingTeaching items
0 – Absent - no behavior observed
1 – Barely - brief, minor, or emerging behavior
2 – Clearly - definite, strong, or frequent behavior

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How can PICCOLO
be used with Families?

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PICCOLO observations
10 minute observation
“Live” scoring
• score PICCOLO while observing
Video scoring
• record and score PICCOLO later
• recommended for discussion

30. ©2013 Lori Roggman
When you use PICCOLO with parents
be. . .
Positive: Emphasize what parents do well and
often
Practical: Ask when parents can do more of
these behaviors as part of their regular
activities
Culturally sensitive: Ask parents what kinds of
parenting interactions are important to them

31. ©2013 Lori Roggman
What does PICCOLO tell you
about parenting?
1. What a mother can do to support her child’s
development
2. What a mother believes is important to do
3. What a mother is comfortable doing
4. What a mother knows how to do with her child

32. ©2013 Lori Roggman
Thanks!Thanks!
We are grateful to the parents and children in the
observations used to develop PICCOLO and to the Early
Head Start Research Consortium and the Head Start Bureau
for making video recorded observations available for
research.
PICCOLO development was supported by Administration for
Children Youth & Families Grant #90YF0050 and a Utah State
University Community/University Research Initiative grant.
Additional PICCOLO team members: James Akers, Cora
Price, LauraMichele Gardner, Sheila Anderson, Krista Gurko
PICCOLO Program Partners: Bear River Head Start, Logan, UT.
Davis Early Head Start, Layton, UT, Guadalupe Schools Early
Childhood Program, Salt Lake City, UT

33. ©2013 Lori Roggman
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