This is the abstract presentation of Melania Hidayat of UNFPA Indonesia, which was made as part of the 13th session of 10th Asia Pacific Conference on Reproductive and Sexual Health and Rights (#APCRSHR10 Virtual), on the theme of "Sexual and other forms of gender-based violence & SRHR in Asia and the Pacific". Chair: Prof Thein Thein Htay, former Deputy Health Minister, Myanmar; and honorary Professor, University of Public Health, Myanmar and University of Oslo, Norway; and visiting Professor, SEISA University, Yokohama, Japan Plenary Speaker: Sujata Tuladhar, Technical Specialist, Gender-based Violence, UNFPA Asia-Pacific | "Promising practices in addressing gender-based violence during COVID-19" Abstract presenters ************************ * Sovananry Tuot | Gender-based violence experiences and sexual and reproductive health among female entertainment workers in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study * Melania Hidayat | Rapid Assessment of the Gender-Based Violence During the Emergency Situation in Palu, Sigi and Donggala - Central Sulawesi * Sagar Sachdeva | Re-Evaluating Masculinities for SRH and GBV Programming * Ajay Kumar Singh | Does asserting Sexual and Reproductive Rights Prevents Married Women from Marital Rape: An Exploratory Study from India Voice from the frontline: Prameswari Puspa Dewi, National Coordinator, KITASAMA (Koalisi Indonesia untuk Seksualitas dan Keberagaman/Indonesia Coalition for Sexuality and Diversity) For more information on the session, please visit www.bit.ly/apcrshr10virtual13 Official conference website: www.apcrshr10cambodia.org Thanks

1. Women’s voices
= GBV in the crisis situation =
Key findings
GBV Rapid Assessment in the aftermath of the
landslide in Central Sulawesi
November 2018 – January 2019
Ita Fatia Nadia; Risya Kori; Melania Hidayat
UNFPA - Indonesia

2. • Earthquake and Liquefaction
• 28 September 2018
• Palu, Donggala, Sigli (Central Sulawesi)

3. Objectives
• GBV Rapid Assessment
• To get an overview of the needs and vulnerabilities of women, girls
and people with disabilities, in the IDPs settlements following the
disaster in Central Sulawesi.
• To identify forms of GBV, the impacts, victims’ or survivors’ reactions
or responses, environmental reactions or responses including
families toward GBV, available services and support for GBV survivors
• Suggest recommendations for GBV prevention and case
management during emergency response, and in the rehabilitation
and reconstruction phases

4. Methodology
• Time : November 2018 – January 2019
• Partners: DP3A Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, KPKPST dan Yayasan LIBU
• Location: 10 IDPs settlements
• Kota Palu (Kamp Petobo, Balaroa dan Masjid Agung)
• Kab SIgi (Kamp Lolu, Sigi, Kulawi, Sibalaya Selatan, Sibalaya Utara dan Jonooge Pombewe)
• Kab Donggala (Kamp Wombo Kalombo)
• # respondents: 304 respondents (79 men, 225 women)
• 182 adults (164 women, 18 men)
• 122 adolescents (61 boys, 61 girls)
• Purposive sampling (18-68 years old, living in the 3 affected areas; in the 10 IDPs settlements: IDPs, service
providers, religious/community leaders)
• Data collection:
• Individual survey using KOBO: 304 responden
• FGDs: 8 adults FGDs and 5 FGDs for adolescents
• Interview with key informants: doctors and health providers; police officers; officials from P2TP2A and
DP3A; women’s NGO; community leaders

5. Some notes
• Lack of GBV awareness  acceptance to some GBV practices that considered as
“normal”, “generally practice”.
Questions were designed to identify as many as GBV practices
• GBV, especially sexual harassment, rape, and attempted rape are sensitive issues
and are not discussed openly to avoid various social impacts. The use of KOBO
Collect and in-depth interviews with key informants help to dig deeper into
various information or stories that were very likely to be underreported.
• Confidentiality issues. The rapid assessment ensures anonymity (anonymous
reporting), respects privacy, protects the confidentiality and ensures restrictions
on the dissemination of information obtained during the rapid assessment
activities.

6. Key
Findings

7. General findings
• Safety Audit:
• Spontaneous camps in areas which are “geographically” considered safe.
• No good safety audit that poses to GBV risks: weak or lack of camp coordination and
management; safety & protection issues; lack of access to basic needs; clean water points; poor
lighting and place selection for public facilities.
• Unsafe locations
• Water sources
• Toilets; bathing-washing-latrine facilities
• Farms / woods
• High risk women/girls:
• Those lives by themselves, including women household heads
• Widowers; Single women; Single parent women
• Lack of GBV Support Mechanism:
• lack of support from immediate family members
• community’s stigma and discrimination toward GBV survivors

8. GBV Cases (reported during the assessment)
Forms of GBV # Cases
Domestic violence/KDRT 31
Rape 8
Sexual harassment 12
Sexual exploitation 5
GBV 1
Total 57

9. GBV
• Forms:
• physical (beating); domestic violence
• sexual violence (attempted rape, rape, multiple/gank rapes, harassment)
• Sexual Exploitation
• Child marriage; Forced marriage
• Age of survivor : 9-50
• Survivors reactions :
• keep silent; fear, shame run from rumah; tell friends; seek for help/report to RP
• Community response:
• Family concern more of “”family honor”  double burden of the survivors
• On domestic violence, tend to mediate / reconcile but most will take side to
the perpetrators
• On rape cases; blame the survivor, get her married to the perpetrators

10. Rape
• Location: Toilet, quite footpath to the farm/woods; quite areas around the camps.
• Forms: rape attempts, rape with violence; gank rape
• Perpetrators: neighbor; uncle; father; grandfather; community leaders; friends; unknown men/boy.
• Survivor reactions:
• Run from home for a while; keep silent; fear of blamed and shamed and negative labeled by the
community
• Mereka merasa malu/tabu melaporkan (memilih diam dan takut berbicara) karena takut disalahkan, d
labelleddihina/diejek, tidak dihargai dan dicap buruk oleh lingkungan
• Young girls prefer to keep silent and not talk about it with anyone as they fear to get negative
consequences from the family (get beaten, get married with the perpetrator).
• Young girls who got pregnant because of the rape, find ways to terminate the pregnancy (2 girls died due
to unsafe abortion following the rape/incest case)
• Those who manage to underwent abortion, experience sexual exploitation
• Community Response
• In general: no empathy to the survivor
• Most of the cases were brought to the community leader for their decision  “punishment” for the
survivor; reconciliation by paying some fine; marriage to keep family honor

11. Sexual harashment
• Survivor reaction :
• Fear;
• not sure if that was not ok;
• Perilaku mencari bantuan (termasuk akses terhadap bantuan):
• kebanyakan korban tidak mencari bantuan
• lebih banyak bercerita dengan sesama teman (pada remaja)
• Ada yang melapor ke Tenda Ramah Perempuan.

12. Domestic Violence
• Reported by 14% of female respondents.
• Forms: beaten; expulsion; polygamy; verbal
• Reasons: refuse sexual intercourse, go out (from home) for daily reasons
• Survivor reactions
- Keep silent; feel helpless as they are too dependent to the husband
- Some consider that they deserve it (wifes always have to obey husbands)
• Community response
- Domestic violence is private matters
- Community tend to take side to the men (husband; father)
“we are our husband’s property.
They have paid the dowries, so husband can do anything to their wives”

13. Child / Forced Marriage
• Early marriage/arranged (forced) marriage is “our” tradition.
• More child marriage happens after the disaster (in the IDPs camps)  frequency is more than usual
• Reasons:
• Parents want to avoid “zina”
• Tradition / religious advise
• Girls can get better live
• To avoid bad behavior of the girls.
• (girls) rape survivors will have to be married to the perpetrators.
• It’s parents (father / realtives from father’s line) obligation to choose a man for daughter to be married to (arranged
marriage)
• All forced marriages due to rape (reported during the assessment) only last around several months, until the baby
was borne.
“when they reached 10-12 years old,
or if they have started their period;
it’s time for the father to find a husband for the daughters".

14. FGM (circumcision)
• Most of the female / girls respondents experienced FGM (type 1)
• Age : newborn - 5 years old.
• By traditional birth attendants or traditional ‘healer’
• Reasons:
• Tradition
• Religion
• No men will marry non circumcised women.
• Decision maker : father and mother
• Although all said that FGM is the tradition (even has religious based); many women
respondents will not do it (to their daughters) if they can choose.

15. Sexual Exploitation
• Seksual exploitation happens in the camps,
although people do not talk about it.
• Some did for an exchange of money / food /
goods (some perpetrators were those who were in
charge on food / assistance distribution)

16. Conclusions
• GBV is presence and tends to be escalated during a crisis
• However, even humanitarian workers, programme managers or
service providers do not see the GBV prevention and GBV
management as a priority in the humanitarian response.
• Community awareness and understanding is also low that tend to put
the survivor in another risks of violence.
• A safety audit needs to be implemented in any crisis situation
followed by awareness creation and establishment of reporting and
case management mechanism.

17. Recomendations

18. GBViE prevention
• Include Safety Audit in all humanitarian response –
rehabilitation – reconstruction; to reduce risks.
• GBV public awareness; empowerment
• Involve women in the aids assistance / goods distribution.
• Women’s friendly space need to be made available since
the early response
• Need to identify existing good practices that protects
women/girls from GBV.
• Involve men and boys in norms ‘reconstruction’.