History Class XII Ch. 3 Kinship, Caste and Class (1).pptx
19th Century Economic and Political Transformation in the Philippines
1.
2. ● This era is the birth of modernity
● 19th Century was the era of challenges
and responses
● It is the period of major changes that
affect a man and the society
● Age of enlightenment
3. ● ECONOMIC AND INDUSTRIAL SITUATION OF THE PHILIPPINES
● at affect a man and the society
● Age of enlightenment
● 19th Century was th19th Century was the era of challenges and
responses19th Century was the era of challenges and responses
● It is the period of major changes that affect a man and the society
● Age of enlightenment
● It is the period of major changes that affect a man and the society
● Age of enlightenment
● e era of challenges and responses
● It is the period of major changes that affect a man and the society
● Age of enlightenment
ECONOMIC SITUATION
DURING THE 19TH
CENTURY
4. ● During this era, the industrial revolution was taking
place.
New modes of production, transportation and
communication was introduced bringing about a shift from
manual labor to machine- based production.
● This transformation of the economy and society resulted
in a new forms of work and leisure, as well as
urbanization and growth of the cities.
5. Trading was already apparent among our ancestor even
before the spaniards colonized the Philippines
Early Philippine merchants traded with various countries
including: China, Japan Siam, Cambodia, India, Borneo, and
the Moluccas.
8. ● Manila galleon, Spanish sailing vessel that made an annual
round trip (one vessel per year) across the Pacific between
Manila, in the Philippines, and Acapulco, in present Mexico,
during the period.
● They were the sole means of communication between Spain
and its Philippine colony and served as an economic lifeline
for the Spaniards in Manila
● During the heyday of the galleon trade, Manila became one of
the world’s great ports, Spain became a mercantilist super
power.
BUT NOT FOREVER …
9.
10. By The late 18th century, The galleon system faced tough competition as other
nations became self sufficient and preferred direct trade.
Spain trading system and the demand for Asians goods eventually declined.
● By The late 18th century, The galleon system
faced tough competition as other nations
became self sufficient and preferred direct
trade.
● Spain trading system and the demand for
Asians goods eventually declined.
● With the old trade system no longer
sustainable The galleon trade was ended by
decree during the first decade of the 19th
century
12. ● The economic opportunities created by the industrial
revolution had encouraged Spain in to open the Philippines
economy to world commerce.
● The Philippines became the supplier of raw materials for the
industries of the west by utilizing its underutilized land
resources to venture into cash crop agriculture.
● British, Dutch and American trading companies invested
large capital in the country for the Large scale production of
different products, Such as tobacco and sugar.
● To make Transactions easier, Foreign investor need people
who are already in the Philippines.
13. RISE OF THE EXPORT OF CROP
ECONOMY AND MONOPOLIES
14. ● The Philippines was well developing an export crop economy years after the end of
the Galleon Trade
● Products like Manila hemp and coffee were exported to foreign markets while
European
imported goods find their way to the Philippine markets.
● Provided opportunities to Chinese migrants to move in the hemp producing provinces
of
southeastern Luzon and eastern Visayas, sugar producing areas of Western Visayas
and tobacco provinces of Northern Luzon
● Another main source of wealth during the post-galleon era was monopoly contracting.
● After 1850, government monopoly contracts for the collection of different revenues
were
opened to foreigners for the first time
● The Chinese instantly took advantage of this commercial opportunity and thus, for the
rest of the 19th century, enjoyed a pre-eminent position in monopoly contracting in
the Philippines.
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52. ● ECONOMIC AND INDUSTRIAL SITUATION OF THE PHILIPPINES
● at affect a man and the society
● Age of enlightenment
● 19th Century was th19th Century was the era of challenges and
responses19th Century was the era of challenges and responses
● It is the period of major changes that affect a man and the society
● Age of enlightenment
● It is the period of major changes that affect a man and the society
● Age of enlightenment
● e era of challenges and responses
● It is the period of major changes that affect a man and the society
● Age of enlightenment
POLITICAL SITUATION
DURING THE 19TH
CENTURY
53. ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION
● The Spanish colonial government in the Philippines ran indirectly
through the viceroy of the Spain in Mexico.
EXECUTIVE BRANCH
● The Governor-General appointed by the Spanish monarch, was the
head of the Spanish colonial government.
○ Vice Royal Patron - he could nominate priests for administration
of the parishes
○ He is the president of the Royal audiencia (the Supreme Court in
the Philippines those times). He had legislative powers
54. ○ He is the president of the Royal
audiencia (the Supreme Court in the
Philippines those times). He had
legislative powers
■ Actos acordados - laws enacted by
the Governor - General
■ Cumplase - the power to decide
which law or royal decree should be
implemented or discarded
JUDICIAL BRANCH
● Residencia
● Visitador
● Royal Audiencia
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
Diego de los Rios
55. PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT
● Alcaldia - provinces under Spanish control
○ Alcalde mayor
● The provincial government was the most corrupt unit in local
government then, because of indulto de commercio - a right given to
Alcalde Mayor to engage in trading
● The alcaldias or provinces were divided into towns or pueblos
○ gobernadorcillo or town mayor - tax collector
● Barrios or barangays
○ Cabeza de barangay
56. MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
● Corrigimiento - provinces that were not entirely under
Spanish control
○ Corregidor
CITY GOVERNMENT
● Ayuntamiento
○ Cabildo
■ Alcalde - city mayor
■ Regidores - councilor
■ Aguacil mayor - chief constables
■ Escribano - secretary
57.
58. UNION OF CHURCH AND STATE
● Spanish friar - supervising representative of the Spanish
government for all local affairs
● Frailocracy - rule of the friars
● Guardia civil - deals with outlaws and renegades
○ Filibusteros - enemies of the government
○ Erehes - enemies of the Catholic church
59. UNION OF CHURCH AND STATE
● Spanish friar - supervising representative of the Spanish
government for all local affairs
● Frailocracy - rule of the friars
● Guardia civil - deals with outlaws and renegades
○ Filibusteros - enemies of the government
○ Erehes - enemies of the Catholic church
POLITICAL
INFLUENCES
LIBERALISM
THE IMPACT OF
BOURBON
REFORMS
THE CADIZ
CONSTITUTION
60. LIBERALISM
LIBERALISM AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
• The French Revolution (1789 – 1799) – political revolution in Europe
and consequently in some parts of the globe
• “Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity” as its battle cry, it changed from
absolute monarchy (with feudal privileges for the rich and the clergy)
into a more liberal government system found on the principles of
citizenship and inalienable rights.
• As a repercussion of French Revolution, Spain experienced political
disturbances, including numerous changes in parliaments and
constitutions, the Peninsular War, the loss of Spanish America, and
the struggles between liberals and conservatives.
61. LIBERALISM
● Governor - General Carlos Maria de la Torre
○ 1st liberal governor general of the Philippines
● In 1870, Prince Amadeo of Savoy became the new king of Spain
● General Rafael de Izquierdo replaced Governor de la Torre
62. THE IMPACT OF THE BOURBON REFORMS
● Spanish Bourbon King Philip V (1700 – 1746) advocated a
century – long effort to reform and modify the Spanish empire
● Bourbon reform – these are the policy changes endeavored to
curtail contraband commerce, reclaim control over transatlantic
trade, restrict the church’s power, reform state finances to fill
dwindling royal coffers, and found tighter administrative and
political control within empire.
63. THE CADIZ CONSTITUTION
● A liberal constitution was promulgated in Cadiz in March 1812
● Drafted by elected representatives was put in practice in almost
all the areas of the Hispanic Monarchy still under the control of
the Spanish crown
● First constitution in Europe to deal with national sovereignty as
coming from the people and not from the king
● The first delegates from the Philippines were Pedro Perez de
Tagle and Jose Manuel Coretto who took their office in Madrid
64. THE CADIZ CONSTITUTION
● The Cadiz Constitution, which was formally implemented in
Manila soon after:
○ established the principles of universal male suffrage
○ national sovereignty
○ constitutional monarchy
○ and freedom of the press
○ and advocated land reform and free enterprise
● In May 1814, King Fernando VII declared in invalid and restored
absolutism
