The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017 was awarded jointly to Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young "for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm".

1. The 2017 Nobel Prize
in Physiology or
Medicine
PRESENTED TO :
Dr.Haiba Kaul
PRESENTED BY:
BINYAMIN BUTT
2015-DT-009
DAIRY
TECHNOLOGY
5TH SEMESTER

2. INTRODUCTION TO NOBEL & NOBEL PRIZE
HISTORY
• Nobel prize is named after ALFERED NOBEL.
• Born on 21st oct,1833 in Sweden’s city Stockholm.
• family business was bridge making.
• Born in engineers family.
• Nobel’s family Moved to Russia and used to make gun powder for Russia.
• Crimean war made his family millionaires.
• 17th years old Nobel was good in chemistry and many languages.
• 1850 moved to U.S and then went to Paris to meet Askania who was inventor of nitro-
glycerine.
• Nitro-glycerine was powerful than gun powder.

3. INTRODUCTION TO NOBEL & NOBEL PRIZE
HISTORY
• Due to highly explosive and uncontrolled
nature it was bad to use as military weapon.
• Nobel with his family moved back to
Sweden.
• Where Nobel with father and brother
worked on nitro-glycerine.
• On 3rd Sep,1864. Nitro-glycerine exploded
and killed his brother.
• Nobel’s Father refused to work more with
him.
• Sweden’s Government banned Labs inside of
city.

4. INTRODUCTION TO NOBEL & NOBEL PRIZE
HISTORY
• Alfred Nobel made new Lab and
at last after years Modified
nitro-glycerine.
• Nitro-glycerine & Silica proved
to be best Mixture and easily
handled.
• And patent name was chosen
Dynamite.
• Nobel built up Weapon Industry
in more than 20 countries.
• Dynamite Became cause of
many casualties in war.
• Nobel was named as
“MERCHHANT OF DEATH”

5. INTRODUCTION TO
NOBEL & NOBEL PRIZE
HISTORY
• Nobel refused to die with such
Horrible memories.
• Donated all of his 96% of wealth to
charity.
• Noble died on 10th Dec,1896.
• every year on 10TH December Nobel
Prizes are announce.

6. CASH PRIZE :
• Nobel Prise is worth of
$1 million U.S Dollars.
• Which is 1000 Lakh
Pakistani Rupees.
• All Nobel prizes are
awarded at Sweden
except Nobel peace
prize which is awarded
at Norway.

7. The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine
•Winners
• 1. Jeffrey C. Hall
• 2.Michael Rosbash
• 3. Michael W. Young
WORK ON
Biological clocks or circadian rhythms.

8. Jeffrey C. Hall
• Born: 1945, New York, NY, USA
• Affiliation at the time of the
award: University of Maine, Maine, ME, USA
• Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of
molecular mechanisms controlling the
circadian rhythm"
• Prize share: 1/3

9. Michael Rosbash
Born: 1944, Kansas City, MO, USA
• Affiliation at the time of the award: Brandeis
University, Waltham, MA, USA, Howard Hughes
Medical Institute
• Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of
molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian
rhythm"
• Prize share: 1/3

10. Michael W. Young
Born: 1949, Miami, FL, USA
• Affiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller
University, New York, NY, USA
• Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of
molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian
rhythm"
• Prize share: 1/3

11. WHAT MAKES
US FAT ???

12. NOT ADAPTING OUR NATURAL Circadian
rhythm SYSTEM

13. Identification of Circadian
rhythm system
• Circadian rhythm was observed in earlier times,
but there working was still a mystery.
• it was confusion that how it works, is it about
external signals or something endogenous?
• These Nobel prize winners found out the
mechanism that controls the machinery of
internal clocks.

14. Identification of Circadian rhythm system
• At first it started with French de Mairan astronomer who observed
this Circadian rhythm in plants.
• He observed plants in dark for serval days and concluded leaves
followed Circadian rhythm.
• Humans also behaved same as internally.
• Mechanism observing was Started in fruits flee to prove this
thoroughly .

15. Identification of Circadian rhythm system
• The Nobel prise was given to these as one whole because of their
achievement in detections of molecular mechanisms that regulate
circadian rhythms
• Many living things including humans have internal clocks that helps
them stay synced with the rotation of Earth
• you can see in flowers that open and close at specific time of the day
or animals that become more active at sunrise or sunset
• . All sorts of human bodily functions, from your metabolism to your
hormones, fluctuate over the course of a day according to this
internal timer.

16. Identification of Circadian rhythm system
• In the 1980s and 1990s, though, these scientists isolated a series of
genes in fruit flies that started to clear things up
• Previous works had identified in fruit flies a gene named (PERIOD)
that seemed to throw their daily behavioural cycles out whack when
it was mutated.
• Main work of these were as , HALL, ROBACH and Young managed to
isolate and figure out the DNA sequence of this gene.

17. Identification of Circadian rhythm system
• The genes encode a protein, called PER
• Hall and Rosbach found that PER builds up in every single cell at night
and then gets broken down during the day.
• Later they discovered a couple more fruits fly genes that help regulate
this daily PER cycle.

18. Identification of Circadian rhythm system
• Young found a gene named (TIMELESS) that produces a protein that
binds with PER and lets it enter the cell nucleus, where all the DNA is
sorted.
• . Here the two proteins can interact with the period gene, stopping it
from producing more PER. Scientist call this a negative feedback loop,
where the output of a process causes the process itself to slow down
• Young also found a third gene called double-time that encodes a
protein that slow down the build-up of PER.

19. Identification of Circadian rhythm system
• By controlling the switch between PER production and breakdown,
(double-time) allows the timing of the feedback loop to adjust the
planet’s 24-hour cycle
• These clocks proteins tell all sorts of other genes in cells to dial their
activity up and down, which in turn effects what different organs are
doing in something’s whole body.
• The research to identify these genes may been done in fruits flies, but
the same process is at work with slightly different molecules in most
of organism -humans too.

20. Identification
of Circadian
rhythm
system

21. Advantages of
this research
• This research has opened the
whole new world of circadian
biology
• That’s help us understand more
about our medical health.