4. -:Definition:-
E-waste can be considered to cover TVs, computers,
mobile phones, home entertainment and stereo systems,
toys, toasters, kettles – almost any household or
business item having electrical components with power
or battery supply.
The definition includes used electronics which are
destined for reuse, resale, recycling, or disposal.
5. -:History of E-waste:-
Informal processing of E-Waste in developing
countries may cause serious health and pollution
problems.
E-Waste is a hazardous waste that poses potential
threats to public health and the environment.
Some electronic components, such as CRTs, may
contain contaminants such as lead, cadmium,
beryllium, or brominated flame retardants.
6. According to the U.S. environmental laws (Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act) hazardous E-Waste
fall into two major categories: characteristic E-Waste
and listed E-Waste:
a) Characteristic hazardous E-Waste:-
Ignitability (i.e., flammable)
Reactivity
Corrosives
Toxicity
7. b) Listed hazardous E-Wastes:-
Such type of E-Waste generates by some larger
companies such as:
Chemical manufacturers.
Electroplating companies.
Oil refineries.
Hazardous E-Waste is a special type of waste
because it cannot be disposed of by common means
like other by-products of our everyday lives.
8. -:Types of E-Waste:-
Types of electronic waste according to the WEEE
directive:-
Large household appliances.
Small household appliances.
Office & communication.
Entertainment electronics.
Lighting equipment.
Medical instruments.
Automatic issuing systems.
9. -:StEP Initiative:-
It is an international initiative, created to develop
solutions to address issues associated with Waste
Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE).
Aims and Means of StEP:-
One of the most important aims of the StEP Initiative is to
elaborate a set of global guidelines for the treatment of e-
waste and the promotion of sustainable material
recycling.
StEP’s aim is to reduce dangers to humans and the
environment, which result from inadequate and
irresponsible treatment practices, and advance resource
efficiency.
*StEP:- Solving the E-Waste Problems
10. -:E-Waste Management:-
Recycling of E-Waste:-
Today E-Waste recycling becomes the world largest
business all over the world. The environmental and
social benefits of reuse include:
Diminished demand for new products.
Larger quantities of pure water and electricity for
associated manufacturing.
Less packaging per unit.
Diminished use of landfills.
11. Consumer Awareness Efforts:-
Address TheMess.com is a Comedy Central pro-social
campaign that seeks to increase awareness of the dangers
of E-Waste and to encourage recycling.
NativeEnergy.com, is a company that specializes
in renewable energy.
The Electronics “TakeBack” Coalition is a campaign
aimed at protecting human health.
The Certified Electronics Recyclers is an Integrated
management system that improve the quality,
environment, health and safety (QEH&S) performance.
12. Processing techniques:-
Firstly involves dismantling the equipment into
various parts (metal frames, power supplies,
circuit boards, plastics).
A typical example is the NADIN electronic waste
processing plant in Bulgaria, the largest facility of
its kind in Europe.
The advantages of this process are the human's
ability to recognize and save working of
repairable parts, including chips, transistors,
RAM, etc.
13. -:E-Waste Substances:-
Hazardous Substances:-
Mercury.(Use in fluorescent tubes.)
Sulphur.(Use in lead acid batteries.)
Cadmium.(Found in light-sensitive resistors.)
Lead.(Found in lead acid batteries.)
Beryllium oxide.(Found in power transistors.)
14. Non-Hazardous Substances:-
Tin: Coatings on component leads.
Iron: Cases, and fixings.
Nickel: Nickel-cadmium batteries.
Lithium: Lithium-ion batteries.
Zinc: Plating for steel parts.
