for education

1. BIRD’S TRIANGLE
Serious accident
Minor injuries
Near miss
Unsafe Acts / Conditions
? ? ?
1
10
30
600
Property Damage
E
F
F
E
C
T
C
A
U
S
E

2. HAZARD :
Anything capable of producing adverse
effect on health & safety of humans
DEFINITIONS

3. RISK :
The probability of an event occurring
and the consequence if it does
DEFINITIONS

4. ACCIDENT :
A sequence of events resulting in
injury / illness/property damage
or with potential to do so
DEFINITIONS

5. Risk = Probability x Exposure x Consequence
RISK ASSESSMENT
Probability Exposure
Occurrence Consequence
RISK

6. Risk Score Calculation
Probability Exposure Consequence
Almost Certain 10 Continuous 10 Numerous fatality 100
Quite possible 6 Frequent 6 Multiple fatality 50
Unusual/possible 3 Occasional 3 Fatality 25
Remotely possible 1 Infrequent 2 Serious injury 15
Very unlikely 0.5 Rare 1 Reportable 5
Pract. impossible 0.1 Very rare 0.5 1st
Aid 1
7
Very High > 400
Risk Level High 200 - 400
Substantial 60 - 200
R = P x E x C Moderate 15 - 60
Low < 15

7. HAZARD CONTROL
1 Elimination By design or replacement
2 Substitution With less hazardous material
3 Minimisation Of raw material, intermediates,
wastes, finished product, spares
4 Engg. Control To reduce exposure by guarding,
mech. handling, ventilation etc.
(At source) Automation, remote control,
parallel, redundant system, over
design etc.
5 Admn. Control SWP, H.keeping, Trg, Supv,
W.Permit, Maint. Sch,edule.
6 Using PPEs (Personal Protective Equipment)

8. RISK CONTROL
RISK CONTROL
1 Avoidance Remove the risk altogether
2 Loss Prevention Reduce losses though
•Loss Control Programs
•Safe Work Practices
•Disciplines / Rules
•Preventive Maint.
3 Segregation High risk areas to be located
apart
4 Risk Transfer By Leasing / Contracting