methods of collecting data

Module 3- Session 5
Methods of Collecting Data
by
BILAL SULTAN
Ph.D. Research Scholar
School of Computer Science
MGU,KERALA
11/11/2020 1SOCS, MGU, Kerala

What is data collection?
Data collection is a systematic method of
collecting and measuring data gathered from
different sources of information in order to
provide answers to relevant questions.
Methods of data collection
The system of data collection is based on the
type of study being conducted. Depending on
the researcher’s research plan and design,
there are several ways data can be collected

Types of Data Collection
1. Primary Data
-Data that has been collected from first-hand experience is
known as primary data.
-Primary data has not been published yet and is more reliable,
authentic and objective.
-Primary data has not been changed or altered by human
beings, therefore its validity is greater than secondary data.

Factor effect method of Data collection
1.Type of research subject: Quantitative ,
Qualitative Descriptive , Applied research.
2. Purpose of research study : The research purpose
is a statement of "why" the study is being conducted
3. Size of study sample
4. Distribution of target population: it target population
is the group of individuals that the intervention intends to
conduct research in and draw conclusions from.
5. Time frame of the study

1. Observation Methods-:
is a methodical way of recognising & noting a fact of
occurrence.
 Types of Observation
Structured: When the observation is characterized
by a careful definition of the units to be observed, the
style of recording the observed information,
standardized conditions of observation and the
selection of related data of observation.
Unstructured : When it takes place without the
above characteristics.
Participative: When the observer is member of the
group which he is observing then it is Participant
Observation.
Non –Participative : When observer is observing
people without giving any information to them then it is
Non-Paricipant Observation.

Uncontrolled Observation:
When the observation takes place in
natural condition .
Controlled Observation
When observation takes place
according to pre arranged plans, with
experimental procedure then it is
controlled observation
generally done in laboratory under
controlled condition.

 2. INTERVIEW METHOD
Presenting stimuli to the respondents in the form of
question note down their oral –verbal response
 TYPE OF INTERVIEW
 Standardized interviews
 a. Structured: In this case, a set of predecided
questions are there.
 b. Unstructured: In this case, we don’t follow a
system of pre-determined questions.
 Non-standardized interviews
 a. One to one
 1.Face to face,
 2.Telephonic,
 3.Internet mediated interviews
 b. One to many(focus group)11/11/2020 9SOCS, MGU, Kerala

3. Questionnaire Method
Questionnaire- A questionnaire is a research
instrument consisting of a series of question and
other prompts for the purpose of gathering
information from respondent.
Self administered questionnaire
Interviewer –administered questionnaire
Telephone questionnaire
Delivery and questionnaire
Postal or mail questionnaire

4. Survey Method
A detailed study of geographical area to gather data attitudes,
impressions, opinions, satisfaction level etc., by polling a
section of the population
TYPE OF SURVEY
1. Census survey :Surveys conducted on the full set of
observation objects belonging to a given population.
2. Continuous – survey: collects data every year, but only at specific times
3. Ad Hoc survey: is a survey without any plan for repetition

5. Case Study Method
It is the method of comprehensive study of social unit which
may be a person , a family , an institution , an organization or
a community .

6. Schedules
 Very similar to Questionnaire method
 Schedule is filled by the enumerator or
research worker.
 Costly requires field workers.
 Non response is low.
 Depends on Honesty of the enumerator.
 Relatively more correct and complete.
11/11/2020 SOCS, MGU, Kerala 16

ADVANTAGES OF PRIMARY DATA
Data interpretation is better.
Targeted Issues are addressed.
Efficient Spending for Information.
The decency of Data.
Addresses Specific Research Issues.
Greater Control..
Issues.
DISADVANTAGES OF PRIMARY DATA
High Cost
Time Consuming
Inaccurate Feed-backs
More number of resources is required

2. SECONDARY DATA
Secondary data are those which have already been collected by someone else and
which have through some statistical analysis.
There are two sources for secondary data :
a) Internal sources
Internal sources of secondary data are usually for marketing application-
Sales Records
Marketing Activity
Cost Information
Distributor reports and feedback
Customer feedback
b) External sources
Books
Journals
Magazines/Newspapers
Published Electronic Sources
e-journals
General websites
Weblogs

11/11/2020 19
ADVANTAGES OF SECONDARY DATA
Inexpensive
Easily accessible
Immediately available
essential for literature review
Secondary data sources will provide research method alternatives.
Will also alert the researcher to any potential difficulties.
DISADVANTAGES OF SECONDARY DATA
* Expensive
* Not immediately available – takes time to define problem, sampling frame,
method and analysis.
* Not as readily accessible
*Incomplete Information
SOCS, MGU, Kerala

References
 C R Kothari, Gaurav Garg, Research Methodology
Methods and Techniques, Third Edition, Age
International(P) Limited,2014
 Contents of the presentation are also taken from
different websites from the Internet.

Thank You

methods of collecting data

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