Anatomy

7.  UPPER POLES ARE TOWARDS MIDLINE
AND LOWER POLES AWAY FROM MIDLINE
 UPPER POLES ARE SITUATED 2.5 cm FROM
MIDLINE ,
 HILUM 5 cm FROM MIDLINE
 LOWER POLES 7.5 cm FROM MIDLINE AND 5
cm FROM ILIAC CREST
 RIGHT KIDNEY IS LOWER THAN LEFT
KIDNEY, AND SMALLER WHEREAS LEFT
KIDNEY IS LONGER AND NARROWER
THAN RIGHT.

8.  UPPER POLE OF RIGHT KIDNEY IS AT THE
LEVEL OF 10TH INTERCOSTAL SPACE
 UPPER POLE OF LEFT KIDNEY IS FOUND
AT THE LEVEL OF 10TH RIB.

11.  PSOAS MAJOR
 ILIACUS
 QUADRATUS LUMBORUM
 TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLES.

15.  ANTERIOR SURFACE IS CONVEX AND
POSTERIOR SURFACE IS FLAT.
 LATERAL MARGIN IS CONVEX AND
MEDIAL MARGIN IS CONCAVE.
 UPPER POLE IS TOWARDS MIDLINE AND
LOWER POLE AWAY FROM MIDLINE.
 MEDIAL MARGIN IS FACING ANTERIORLY.

23.  KIDNEY HAS CONICAL PYRAMIDS WITH
APEX FACING TOWARDS HILUS AND BASE
TOWARDS CORTEX.
 CORTEX BETWEEN TWO PYRAMIDS IS
CALLED RENAL COLUMN OR COLUMN OF
BARTIN.
 THROUGH THESE RENAL COLUMNS
RENAL VESSELS TRAVEL.
 CORTEX AROUND BASE IS CALLED RENAL
LOBE WHICH IS 8-18 IN NUMBER.

24.  EACH RENAL LOBE CORRESPONDS TO
ONE RENAL PAPPILA AND EACH PAPPILA
TO ONE MINOR CALIX.SO THERE ARE
TOTAL 8-18 MINOR CALICES AND 3-5
MAJOR CALICES.
 VOLUME OF RENAL PELVIS IS 7-8ml.

29.  RENAL ARTERY AT HILUM IS DEVIDED
INTO ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR
SEGMENTAL ARTERY WHICH AGAIN
DEVIDES INTO INTERLOBAR ARTERY
 INTERLOBAR ARTERY DEVIDES INTO
ARCUATE ARTERY WHICH DEVIDES INTO
INTERLOBULAR ARTERY .
 FROM INTERLOBULAR ARTERY ARISES
AFFARENT AND EFFERENT ARTERIOLES.

31.  SOMETIMES THE LEFT RENAL VEIN
BRANCHES INTO TWO ANTERIOR AND
POSTERIOR AND SURROUND THE AORTA
CALLED RENAL COLLAR.

32.  KIDNEY IS FOUND IN LOBULATED
DEVELOPMENT.
 AFTER 1 YEAR LOBULES DISAPPEAR.
 BUT SOMETIMES ONE PERSISTS AS A
HUMP CALLED DROMEDARRY HUMP.

35.  STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL, UNIT
OF KIDNEY IS CALLED NEPHRON.
 THRE ARE TOTAL 1 MILLION NEPHRONS
IN EACH KIDNEY.