6. Taxonomy
Kingdom - animal
Phylum - arthropod
Class - insect
Order - hymenoptera
Family - apidae
Genus - apis
Species – Apis mellifera
7. Colonial
Queen Bee
Only female to mate
Lays eggs
Decides whether to lay female or male eggs
Live up to 5 years
Females (workers)
Care for the larvae
Making wax
Building the honeycomb
Guarding the hive
Collecting pollen and nectar
Males (drones)
Only purpose is to mate
Have to do no work
8.
9. Taxonomy
Kingdom – animal
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – sphenisciformes
Family – spheniscidae
Number of species:
19 alive
40 extinct
12. Monogamous
Annual breeding
season
Female choses
Males find a nest
site and attracts
mate
Then they both
engage in
courtship
Then they mate
13. Most penguins put their eggs in nest that’s
called a clutch
Incubate eggs on top of their feet
The eggs are shaped so they roll in a circle
not a line
Can take 1 month to up to 66 days to hatch
One parent incubates while the other eats
14. Both parents feed their chick
Parents can recognize their
chick’s chirp
They keep the chick warm by
covering them with their brood
patch
A group of chicks or baby
penguins are called a crèches
This helps protect them against
other aggressive adults,
predators, and weather
15. A chick is dependent on their parents until it
can grow its waterproof feathers
Somewhere between 9 and 13 months
Sexual maturity is 3 to 8 years
Five being average
Depends on size of penguin
A good rule of thumb is the bigger the penguin
the longer it takes for them to get together
16. One a remote subarctic island some fur seals have
been found to be raping penguins. Scientist can
only hypothesize the cause.
17. Taxonomy
Kingdom - animal
Phylum - chordata
Class - osteichthyes
Order - gasterosteiformes
Family - syngnathidae
Genus - hippocampus
There are 30-40 species
known and many
subspecies.
18. Life span is expected up to 4
years, usually full life span is
not reached unless in
captivity
They live in warm tropical
and temperate waters,
typically sheltered areas such
as coral reefs and estuaries.
In winter weather they move
to deeper waters to escape
rough storms. They are inept
swimmers and can die easily
of exhaustion in stormy seas.
19. Seahorses pair for life, the female
meets the male in his territory and
they change colors as they near one
another.
The male will loop around the female
then they will spiral around an object.
They can do this daily ritual for up to
an hour, then the female leaves and
retreats to her territory.
The male and female territories
overlap, the females is up to 1.4
meters squared while the males is 0.5
meters squared.
20. After several days of courtship (synchronized
movements) an 8 hour “true courtship dance”
takes place.
The male first pumps water through the egg
pouch on his trunk to expand and open up
ensuring it is empty.
After the females eggs are mature she and her
entangled partner release their anchor and spiral
upwards drifting snout to snout. This takes place
for 6 minutes.
The female will swim away until morning while
the male eats.
The female inserts her ovipositor into the male’s
brood pouch and deposits dozens to thousands of
eggs
21. The females body will slim down and the males
body will swell after the initial courtship. (egg
transfer.)
During fertilization in the brood pouch was found
to be exposed for six seconds while egg
admission occurred.
Seawater enters the pouch at this time and the
hyperosmotic environment facilitates sperm
activation and motility. This is technically
external fertilization but it takes place in what's
considered an internal environment.
Protected fertilization reduces sperm
competition in males.
24. Gestation lasts between 14 days to 30 days
(species dependent)
Males supply Prolactin to the eggs, which is
the hormone in mammals accountable for
milk production.
The pouch is an incubator of controlled
salinity and the male secretes nutrients
through a yolk surrounding the embryos.
The brood pouch offers immunological
assistance, gas exchange and waste removal.
During gestation the mate visits for morning
“greetings” daily.
25. Between 100-1000
frys are expelled
through muscular
contractions.
Birth occurs at
night, so by the
next morning the
male is ready for
the next batch of
eggs.
26. Immediately following birth they are left
alone with no further interaction or nurturing
from the parents.
Because of the delicate nature of these
animals less that 0.5% make it to adulthood.
This is why large litters are so important.
Even with such a low survival rate, it is
higher than those of other fish because of
the protected fertilization and gestation, and
being they are not abandoned after birth.
27. The complete shift of sexual role reversal is a
query researchers are trying to find an answer.
Because there constant high energy process is so
costly in egg production (twice of that of the
energy to bring eggs to term) it is thought that
the male takes the eggs to let the female
recoup.
It may also allow shorter birthing intermissions,
allowing more offspring to be yielded.
It is not known why yet, but there are still
hypothesizes being examined.
28. All animals must reproduce to keep their
species alive; however, they all have
different ways off dealing with their
offspring.
