Asia physical

Compiled by - Dr. Bheekam SIngh

• Contains one-third area of the world and 60% of the population.
• Largest continent in terms of area and population both.
• 80% of the total population is in Rural areas, Japan is the only country
having 75% urban population.
• Only 20% land is suitable for agriculture.

• Tropic of cancer in middle east passes through Saudi Arabia, UAE, and
Oman. Muscat (Capital of Oman) is located on it.
• It also passes through India, Bangladesh, Mayanmar, besides China
and Taiwan.
• Persian Gulf touches Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Iraq and Iran, Oman
and Bahrain.

Northern Lowland (Siberian Plains)
• Plains between Ural Mountain in the west and Lena river in the East
are called as Siberian Plain.
• Drained by the rivers Ob, Yenisei, and Lena
• Lake Baikal – Deepest lake in the world is located here.

Mountains
• Pamir Knot (Plateau) is the meeting place of several ranges of Asia.
• It is the highest Plateau of the world and called “roof of the world”.
• Hindu Kush extends to the west, Tien Shan towards N. East, Kunlun
to the east and Karakoram and Himalayas to SE.
• To the west of Hindu Kush, two ranges of Mountan range diverge. In
north Elburz in south Zagros.

Mountains
• Elburz and Zagros mountain enclose the plateau of Iran.
• These two ranges converge in the west at the knot of mountain
Mount Ararat.
• Two more mountain diverge from here Pontic in the North and
Taurus in the south.
• Plateau of Anatolia is between Pontic and Taurus.
• In SE of Pamir lies the Karakoram and Himalayan range.
• K2 (Godwin Austin in POK) is the highest peak in the
Karakoram, whereas Mt. Everest is the highest peak in
Himalaya.
• Between these two ranges in the south and Kunlun in the
north is Tibetan Plateau.
• Further North Tarim Basin is located between Kunlun in the
south and Tien Sian in the north.

Southern Plateau
• Having older rocks than that of Mountains.
• Plateau of Arabia, Deccan Plateau and Plateau of Yunnan (China) are
its parts.

The Great River Valleys
• Tigris and Euphrates (Iraq).
• Bagdad is located on the river Tigris. Both of them fall into Persian
gulf.
• Ancient Mesopotamian culture flourished between these two rivers.
• Indus (Pakistan).
• Ganga-Brahmputra (India and Bangladesh)
• Ayeyarawaddy or Irrawaddy (Myanmar)
• Mekong (Southeast Asian Countries).
• Xi, Chang Jiang (Yang-Tse-Kiang) and Huang He (Hwang Ho) in China.

The Islands
• Indonesia – Java, Sumatra, Sunda, Greater Sunda,
Lesser Sunda, Borneo, Sulawesi, Maluku, New
Guinea
• Philippines- Luzon, Palawan, Mindoro, Masbate,
Panay, Negros, Cebu, Bohol, Leyte, Samar, Mindano
• Japan- Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu
• Most of these islands are having mountain core and
surrounded by the narrow coastal plains and have
extremely fertile soil because of volcanic ash.
• Micronesia- is a ubregionsof Oceania, comprising
thousands of small islands in the western Pacific Ocean. It
has a shared cultural history with two other island
regions, Polynesia to the east and Melanesia to the south.

Climate
• Winters – interior part becomes extreamly cold, temperature
decreases, air contract forming high pressure area over Mangolia. Dry
wind blow outward. Therefore most parts of Asia do not receive
rainfall though while blowing over the sea, wind pick moisture and
cause rainfall in some parts.
• Verkhoyansk in SE Siberia is the coldest place in northern
hemisphere.

Summers
• Temperature rise in inner parts of the Asia, air expand, create low
pressure areas. Now high pessure areas are located in the ocean and
wind starts blowing towards low pressure areas and cause rain in
most of the area.
• Mawsynran in Meghalaya (India) is the wettest place in the world;
however Mt. Waialeale in Hawaii recorded highest average rainfall in
the world in 2007 (11680 mm).

Natural Vegetation and Wild Life
• Tundra Belt- north coast of Asia, mostly covered with
snow for major parts of the year, precipitation less than
30cm annual, vegetation mosses, Lichens.
• Taiga – south of Tundra, belt of coniferous trees with soft
wood used for paper industry, found in Russia and Japan,
precipitation between 25-50 cm. pine, fur, spur found.
• Steppes – temperate grasslands, next to taiga, winter
cold, summer hot, rainfall 20-40 cm.
• Deserts – large part of south west and central asia, hot in
Arabia and Thar, cold in Gobi and Tibet.
• Monsoon Region – South, SE and East Asia, summers hot
and humid, rainfall between 60-250 cm, in northeast asia
climate is cooler and temperate forests areas near
equator having rain forestsCompiled by - Dr. Bheekam SIngh

Major Crops
• Cultivation of rice is done mainly in the pats of Monsoon
Asia.
• Wheat is main crop of sub tropical and temperate parts
w.Siberia, Kazakistan, China, North India, Pakistan and
countries of SW Asia.
• Sugarcane requires hot and moist climate with irrigation
and grown in Pakistan, India, China, Thailand and
Indonesia.
• Tea is grown in India, Srilanka, China, Japan and Indonesia.
• Cotton is grown in dry areas. Major producers are China,
India and Pakistan.
• Jute is produced in delta region of Ganga and Brahmputra.
• Rubber is mainly grown in Malasia, Indonesia, Thailand,
India, China and Sri Lanka.

Deserts
• Gobi – world’s greatest temperate desert lying in China and
Magnolia. Inhabited by Mongols and nomads.
• Lopnor- Temperate Desert in China, used for Chinese Nuclear test.
• Taklamakan- temperate desert lying in Tarim basin, a centre of
Buddhist culture.
• Rub-Al-Khali- hot desert situated in Saudi Arabia, rich in petroleum
deposits.
• Dasht-E-Lut- hot desert in east Iran, rich in petroleum.
• Dasht-E-Kabir- hot and saline desert in north Iran, rich in petroleum.
• Kyzilkum- Temperate desert in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.
• Karakum- temperate desert in Turkmenistan, transversed by Trans
Caspian Railway (followed silk route).
• Thar – India and Pakistan.

Sea and Lakes
• Sea of Gailee – fresh water lake in Israil.
• Andman sea- northeast of bay of Bengal and west of Thailand.
• Arabian Sea- west of India
• Banda sea- a sea in the Maluku Islands of Indonesia, connected to the
Pacific Ocean but surrounded by hundreds of islands.
• Barents Sea- s a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, located off the northern
coasts of Norway and Russia with vast majority of it lying in Russian
territorial waters.
• Bering Sea- The Bering Sea is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean.
• Black Sea- The Black Sea is a sea between Southeastern Europe and
Western Asia.
• Caspian Sea- The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed inland body of water
on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-
fledged sea.
• Chukchi Sea- Chukchi Sea is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean. It is
bounded on the west by the De Long Strait, off Wrangel Island, and in the
east by Point Barrow, Alaska, beyond which lies the Beaufort Sea.

Sea and Lakes
• East China Sea- The East China Sea is a marginal sea east of China. It is a
part of the Pacific Ocean.
• East Siberian Sea- The East Siberian Sea is a marginal sea in the Arctic
Ocean. It is located between the Arctic Cape to the north, the coast of
Siberia to the south.
• Java Sea- is a large shallow sea on the Sunda Shelf.
• Kara Sea- The Kara Sea is part of the Arctic Ocean north of Siberia.
• Laccadive Sea- The Laccadive Sea or Lakshadweep Sea is a body of water
bordering India, the Maldives, and Sri Lanka.
• Laptev Sea- The Laptev Sea is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean. It is
located between the northern coast of Siberia.
• Red Sea- The Red Sea, or what is sometimes called the Erythraean Sea, is a
seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia.
• Sea of Japan- between the Asian mainland, the Japanese archipelago
• Sea of Okhotsk- s a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean,
• South China Sea- south of china.
• Yellow Sea- east of china.

Peninsulas
• Kamchatka- part of Russia, famous of petroleum.
• Kola- part of Russia, frost and ice free port, rich in
minerals.
• Kanin- part of Russia, rich in minerals.
• Malaya- part of Malaysia, rich in mineral, rubber and
rainforest and oil.
• Arabian- largest in the world, mostly desert and oil
deposits.
• Sinai- part of Egypt, captured by Israel in 1967, oil reserve.
• Crimean- part of Ukrain, important port in Black sea.
• Indian- rich in mineral and forests.

Asia physical

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