Test and measurment in sports Class XII -UNIT 6 PPT

1. Lesson -6
Test and Measurement in Sports

2. Test
Test, may be called as a tool, a questions set of questions, or an examination which is used to
measure the particular characteristics of an Individual or a group of individuals.
MEASUREMENT
According to R. N. Patel, “ MEASUREMENT is an act or press that involves the assignment of
mathematical values to whatever is being tested. So it involves the quantity of something.”
In physical education and sports use of test and measurement Is important due to the reason
given below:
1 Selection of athlete,
2, Classification of Individual games.
3. To study the development of athletes
4. the person-centered training programme.
5, Motivate athletes.
6. Potential performance.
7, The criteria and standards to be created.
8. Measuring current capacity.
9. To do research.
10. To achieve objectives and goals of the activity.

3. MOTOR FITNESS
It as a person’s ability to perform physical activities effectively while playing sports or
during other physical activity.
METHOD
The students should warm up before they participate In the test. All the students
should be medically fit. Following items are Included In this test battery:
1. 50 M STANDING START
Purpose :To measure speed and acceleration.
Equipment : Stopwatch, Cone markers, flat surface of at east 70 meters and tape measure.
Procedure:
(I) The student should stand on marked line in standing position (hands cannot touch the
ground).
(II) He/ She a single sprint over a distance of 50 meters and the time is recorded.
(III) The participant should be encouraged to maintain his/her pace throughout the sprint.
Scoring : The best time Is recorded to the nearest 2 decimal places.
Rules:
(I) The participant should be allowed to warm up before the trials and should perform practice
runs.
(II) Allow two trials.
(III) Measure time from the first movement to when the chest crosses the finish line.

4. 2. 600 M RUN/WALK
Purpose : To measure endurance and aerobic fitness.
Equipment : Stop watch1 Track or area marked 600 M.
Procedure :The student should run 600 M.
Scoring :The time is recorded in minutes and seconds and taken as a score.
Rules : walking is permitted but the object is to cover the distance in shortest possible time.
3. SIT AND REACH
Purpose :To measure flexibility of lower back and hamstrings.
Equipment : Box, Metre Ruler, Tape, Mat.
Procedure :
(I) Student removes shoes and sits on floor with knees fully extended, feet shoulder-width
apart, and soles of the feet held flat against the end of the box.
(ii) With hands on top of each other, palms down, and legs held flat, the student reaches along
the measuring line as far as possible.
(iii) After three practice reaches, the fourth reach Is held while the distance is recorded.
(iv) The purpose is to reach as forward as possible.
Scoring :The distance is recorded in centimeter
4. PARTIAL CURL UP
Purpose :To measure abdominal strength and endurance
Equipment: FIat surface, Mat.
Procedure:
(I) Start by lying off the back with knees bent and the feet at about iz inches from the buttocks
(ii) The arms are extended and kept at side

5. (iii) The subject slowly lifts the shoulder and trunk upwards to around 30 degrees and his/her
knees with the hands
Scoring : Record the number of correctly performed curl-UPS within the given time limit.
Rules :
(i) Only one trial Is permitted.
(ii) Allow the subject to warm up prior to the trials
5. PUSH UP (BOYS)
Purpose : To measure upper chest and shoulder strength.
Equipment : Stop watch
Procedure:
(i) The student should begin in a position on hands and toes with hands kept shoulder
width apart and elbows fully extended.
(ii) Now drop the hips until the shoulders, hips and knees are in a straight line.
(iii) While maintaining this position the upper body is lowered so that the elbows bend in 90
degrees.
(Iv) Push back up to the starting position. This completes one push-up.
Scoring : One point is given each time when the subject completes a push-up.
Rules: Only one trial Is permitted.
6. MODIFIED PUSH UPS (GIRLS)
Purpose : To measure upper chest and shoulder strength.
Equipment : Stop watch

6. Procedure:
(I) Lay down flat on the floor (on your stomach) as if you were going to do a regular push-up.
(H) Place your hands flat on the floor to where your elbows are up and outward at a ninety
degree angle.
(III) Keep your knees on the floor as you push your upper body off of the floor. Be sure to keep
yourself as straight as possible from your head to the bottom of your spine
(where you are performing the push-up.) And don’t forget to keep your elbows at a
90-degree angle.
(iv)Slowly lower yourself in the same position as much as possible without your body touching
the floor.
Scoring : One point is given each time when the subject completes a modified push-up.
Rules: only one trial is permitted.
7. STANDING BROAD JUMP
Purpose : To measure explosive power of legs.
Equipment : Mat, floor or outdoor jumping pit and tape measure.
Procedure :
(I) The student should stand on marked line with feet close.
(ii) He/she bends the knee and swings arms before jumping.
(iii) A two foot take-off and landing is used.
(iv) The student tries to jump as far as possible landing on both feet without falling backwards.
scoring : The distance from take off line to the landing point is measured in feet and inches.

7. Rules:
(i) Allow three trials.
(ii) Measure from the take off line to the feet or other part of the body that touches the floor
nearest to the take oft line.
8. AGILITY- 4X10 M SHUTTLE RUN
Purpose : To measure speed and agility.
Equipment : Two blocks of wood, and a stopwatch. Pupils must wear sneakers or run bare
tooted.
Procedure:
(I) Two lines which are parallel to each other are marked 10 m apart.
(ii) Two wooden blocks are kept on one side of the marked line.
(iii) The student should stand opposite to the line where wooden blocks are placed.
(iv) On start the student runs towards wooden blocks and picks one of them. Then he/she places
the block on the line from where the test started. The student continues to run and similarly lift
other block and place at starting line.
Scoring : Two or more trials may be performed, and the quickest time is recorded Results are
recorded to the nearest tenth of a second
Rules : Allow two trials with some rest in between.

8. GENERAL MOTOR FITNESS BARROWTHREE ITEM GENERAL MOTOR ABILITY (STANDING BROAD
JUMP, ZIG ZAG RUN, MEDICINE BALL PUT FOR BOYS 03 KG & FOR GIRLS 01 KG)
Motor Ability Test
Barrow Motor Ability Test was used for this purpose.
Objective :To measure motor ability for purposes of classification, guidance and achievement.
Equipment and Materials:
me equipment and space needed for the six items are as follows :—
(a) Standing Broad Jump :A mat 5 by 12 feet and a measuring tape if the mat is not marked off.
(b) Softball throw Several 12 Inch inseam softballs ,a target area of about 10 yards. A football
field marked off in 5 yard interval is ideal for test.
(c) Zigzag run : Stop Watch, five stand: Is ideal for this test, the sixteen by ten feet course. rds or
obstacles, by space enough to accommodate
(d) Wall Pass : Regulation basket ball, stop watch, wall space.
(e) Medicine ball put : Space approximately 90 by 20 feet and tape measure.
(f) 60 yard dash : Stop watch, whistle1 and smooth surface at least 80 yards long with start and
finish line.

9. ADMINISTRATION OF TEST
(i) Standing Broad Jump :—
Purpose :To measure explosive power of legs.
Equipment : A mat of 5 x 12 feet and a measuring tape.
Procedure : With the feet parallel to each other and behind the starting mark, the performer
bends the knees and swings the arms and jumps as far forward as possible.
Scoring : The number of inches between the starting line and the nearest heel upon landing is
surface. Three trial is recorded as the sorce.
Additional pointers : (a) If the performer falls backward upon landing, the measurement is
made between the starting line and the nearest part of the body touching the landing surface.
(b) The jump should be practised until the movement can be executed correctly, since validity
and reliability can be improved thereby.
(ii) Zigzag run:
Purpose :To measure speed and agility.
Equipment : Stopwatch, five obstacles and space of 16x10 feet.
Procedure :The student begins from a standing start on the command to go. He runs prescribed
pattern shown to him as quickly as he can without gasping or moving the standards. Three
complete circuits are run. The stopwatch Is started when the command to go is given and
stopped when the subject crosses the finish line.
Scoring : The elapsed time to the nearest tenth of a second is recorded. If the student should
grasp or move a standard , run the wrong pattern , or otherwise fail to follow the directions, he
should run again after a suitable rest period.

10. Safety : The subject should wear proper fitting shoes with good traction to avoid blisters and
slipping. Other students should be kept well away from the perimeter of the obstacle course and
especially away from the finishing area. Sufficient warm-up should be allowed.
Additional Pointers:
(a) The Instructor should demonstrate the pattern of the course and stress point that three
complete circuits are to be made.
(b) The students should be allowed to job through the course.
(c) if any students relieves he can improve his score he should be given another trial after he has
started.
(iii) Medicine ball put
Purpose : To measure arm and shoulder strength.
Equipment : Medicine Bali and measuring tape.
Procedure : The subject stands between two restraining lines which are 16 feet apart. He then
attempts to propel the medicine ball out as far as possible without stepping on or over the
restraining line. He should hold the ball the junctions of the neck and shoulder and thrust it
away from his body at an angle of approximately 45 degrees. He Is given three throws.
Scoring : The best of three throws is recorded. The distance is computed to the nearest foot A
throw in which the subject commits a foul Is not scored. However, if all three trials are fouls, he
should try until he makes a fair put.
Additional Pointers:
(a) Two students are needed at all times to assist in the marking and measuring the throws. it is
helpful also have a student assigned to retrieve the ball. One student quickly run to the exact
spot where spot the ball lands while another comes to mark (or measure) it.

11. (b) Any of several plans could be followed in measuring the individual throws. Since the t is
conducted on the gymnasium floor, small piece of tape could be used quickly mark each of
three trials.
(c) Another approach is to leave the tape stretch out from restraining line and then measure
each throw. One disadvantage to this method is that each throw must be recorded unless of
course the succeeding throw (s) is not as far.
The tape should not swing in an arc In order to be sure that the distance from the point of the
throw to the spot of landing is obtained.
(d) Still another method is to have arcs marked on the floor 5 to 100 feet apart. In this WY the
measuring tape would not have to be as long, and it may facilitate testing.
MEASUREMENT OF CARDIO VASCULAR FITNESS HARVARD STEP TEST/ROCKPORT TEST
Cardiovascular Fitness : It Is the ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen rich blood to the
working muscle tissues and the ability of the muscles to use oxygen to produce energy for
movement.
1. HARVARD STEP TEST
The Harvard Step test is a test of aerobic fitness, developed by Brouha and his associates (1943)
the Harvard Fatigue Laboratories during WWII for college students. ,it was a very simple and
promising field test for measuring cardiovascular endurance of human beings by using easily
available and inexpensive equipment

12. There are marry other variations of step tests too:
(i) Purpose : To measure cardiovascular endurance.
(ii) Equipment required: Step or platform 20 inches / 50.8 cm high, stopwatch, metronome
cadence tape
(iii) Procedure:
1. The athlete warms up for 10 minutes.
2. The tester gives the command “GO” and starts the stopwatch.
3 The athlete steps up and down onto step or platform at a rate of 30 steps per minute (every
two seconds) for 5 minutes (150 steps) or until exhaustion. Exhaustion is defined as when the
athlete cannot maintain the stepping rate for 15 seconds.
4. The tester stops the test after 5 minutes. The athlete Immediately sits down On completion of
the test for 1 minute.
5. The tester measures the athlete’s heart rate (bpm) between 1 to 1.5 minutes after finishing -
Pulse 1. This Is the only measure required If using the short form of the test.
6. for the long form of the test, the tester measures the athlete’s heart rate (bpm) between 2 to
2.5 minutes after finishing the test - Pulse2.
7. The tester measures the athlete’s heart rate (bpm) between 3 to 3.5 minutes after finishing
the test - Puise3.
Scoring : Scoring of Harvard Step Test : The Fitness Index Score is determined by the following
equations:

13. Advantages: 1. This test Is easy to conduct.
2. This test requires minimal equipment and is less expensive.
3. It can be self-administered.
Disadvantages:
1. Taller people are at an advantage as it will take less energy to step up onto the step
2. Heavy weight people cannot perform well.
3. Testing large groups with this test will be time consuming.
2. ROCKPOPT WALK TEST (ONE MILE TEST)
The Rockport is a common aerobic fitness test for those of low fitness level. This test is suitable
for both males and females of poor fitness who would not be able to complete a similar distance
run test The test Is suitable for people of all ages, from the very young to the elderly.
(I) Purpose : To measure cardiovascular endurance.

14. (II) Equipment required : Stopwatch, smooth and level marked 1 mile track, paper and pencil,
heart rate monitor (optional) bodyweight scales.
(III) procedure:
I. Choose a good weather day i.e. avoid windy days.
2. Walk one mile (1.6 kms or 4 laps of a 400m track) as fast as possible (you mug warm up first)
and time your walk with a stopwatch or digital watch.
3. Record the time to complete the measured walk.
4. Take your heart rate immediately at the end of the measured walk. You can use a heart rate
monitor or take your pulse for 10 seconds and then multiply by 6 to give beats per minute.
5. Now, enter your age, weight, heart rate at the end of the test, and the time to complete the
walk.
(iv) Scoring :The formula used to calculate V02 max is:
132.853 (0.0769 x weight) - (0.3877 x age) + (6.315 x gender) - (3.2649 x time) - (0.1565 Heart Rate)
Where, Weight is in pounds (lbs). Gender Male = 1 and Female = 0, Time Is expressed in minutes
and 100ths of minutes, Heart rate is in beats/minute, Age is in years.

15. Computation Example :
Assume the following reading for a person:
Age : 42 years
Body weight: 160 pounds
Time : 3.3 minutes and 54 seconds 13.9 minutes
Heart rate : 140 beats / minute
Gender male = 1
By putting the values in the equation given above the V01 Is calculated as below:
VO2 max = 132.853 -0.0769(1.60) -0.3877(42) + 6.315(1) -3.2649(13.9) + 0.1565(140)
=132.853 -12.304-16.2834 -6.315 + 45.38211 -21.91
= 43.28849
VO2 max =43.29 (Rounded off)
(v) Advantages : Minimal equipment and costs are required- The test can be self-administered.
It can be conducted on more than one person at a time.
(vi) Disadvantages : This test is too easy for highly tit people. Also, since you must walk as fast as
possible, the accuracy of this test depends on your pacing ability and level of motivation.

16. COMPUTATION OF FITNESS INDEX DURATION OF THE EXERCISE IN SECONDS 100/5.5 PULSE
COUNT OF 1-1.5 MIN. AFTER EXERCISE
The Fitness Index Score is determined by the following equations:

17. Example of Scoring Fitness Index :
For example the test was conducted for an individual and following readings were recorded:
Total duration of stepping is 300 seconds
The number of heart beats between
1-1.5 minutes = 95, 2-2.5 minutes = 85, 3-3.5 minutes = 75
Short form Fitness Index Score
Fl Score = (100 x 300) / (5.5 x 95) = 57.4
Long form Fitness Index Score
Fl Score = (100 x 300) / 2(95+85+75) = 58.5
RIKLI AND JONES SENIOR CITIZEN FITNESS TEST
Introduction : The Senior Fitness Test was developed at Fullerton University by Dr. Roberta Rikli
and Dr. Jessie Jones In 2001. As such, the test is sometimes known as the Fullerton Functional
Test.
Purpose : The purpose of this test Is to assess(measure) the functional fitness of older adults.
Test Items : This test consists of six test items.

18. 1.CHAIR STAND TEST FOR LOWER BODY STRENGTH
(i) Purpose : The purpose of the Chair-Stand is to measure the strength of lower body of adults
over 60 years of age. lower body strength is important for activities such as getting out of a
chair, on the bus, out of the car, and rising up from a kneeling position in the house or garden.
The strength of your lower body can directly affect the ease with which you perform the
activities you do every day.
(ii) Equipment required : A straight back or folding chair without arm rests(seat 17 inchesj44 cm
high), stopwatch.
(III) procedure:
1. Place the chair against a wall where it will be stable.
2. Sit in the middle of the chair with your feet flat on the floor, shoulder width apart, back
straight.
3. Cross your arms at the wrist and place them close to the chest.

19. 4. On the command ‘go’ you will rise up to a full stand and sit again as many times as you can
during the 30 second interval.
5. Count the total number of complete chair stands (up and down equals one stand). If the
subject has completed a full stand from the sitting position when the time is elapsed, the final
stand Is counted in the total.
(Iv) Scoring : The score is the number of completed chair stands In 30 seconds. Below is a table
showing the recommended ranges for this test based on age groups
Men’s Results :
Women’s Results :

20. 2. ARM CURL (BICEP) TEST FOR UPPER BODY STRENGTH
(i) Purpose : This test measures upper body strength and endurance.
(ii) Equipment required : 5 pound weight (women), 8 pound weight (for men), A chair without
arm rests, stopwatch.
(iii) Procedure:
1. The subject sits on the chair holding the weight in the hand using a suitcase grip (palm facing
towards the body).
2. This test is conducted on the dominant arm side (or stronger side).
3. On the command ‘go’ do as many curls as you can in the allotted 30 second time period.
4. Do not swing the weight.
5. If you have started raising the weight again and are over halfway up when time is called, you
may count that curl.
(iv) Scoring : The score Is the total number of controlled arm curls performed in 30 seconds.
Below is a table showing some recommended ranges for this test based on age groups.
Men’s Results
Women's Results

21. 3. CHAIR SIT AND REACH TEST FOR LOWER BODY FLEXIBILITY
(i) Purpose :This test measures lower body flexibility.
(II) Equipment required : Ruler, straight back or folding chair, (about 17 inches/ 44 cm high).
(iii) Procedure:
1. Place the chair against a wall so it will be stable.
2. Slide forward in your chair until you are able to straighten one of your legs. The ankle of your
straight leg should be flexed at about a 90 degree angle. Your other foot should be flat on the
floor.
3. place one hand on top of the other with tips of the middle fingers even.
4. Hold the stretch for at least 2 seconds and do not bounce or Jerk as you reach.
5. Take two practice reaches on each leg. Determine which side is more flexible.
6. You will measure and record only your most flexible side on your score card.
7. Reach forward toward your toes. Mark your score to the nearest half Inch.
8. It the fingertips touch the toes then the score is zero. If they do not touch, measure the
distance between the fingers and the toes (a negative score). if they overlap, measure by how
much (a positive score), Perform two trials.
Scoring : The score is recorded to the nearest 1/2 inch or 1 cm as the distance reached, either a
negative or positive score. Record which leg was used for measurement. Below is a table
showing the recommended ranges (in inches) for this test based on age groups.

22. Men’s Results
Women's Results

23. 4. BACK SCRATCH TEST FOR UPPER BODY FLEXIBILITY
(i) Purpose : This test measures the upper body flexibility/ general shoulder range of motion,
which is important in performing various jobs like change a light bulb, combing one’s hair,
putting on overhead garments. reaching for a seat belt etc.
(II) Equipment required : A ruler or a yardstick
(iii) Procedure :
1. Place your left arm straight UP In the air above your left shoulder.
2. Slide Forward you chair until you are able to straighten one of your legs. The ankle of your
straight leg should be fixed at about 1 90 degree angle. Your other foot should be flat on the
floor.
3. Bend your left arm at the elbow to reach toward your back, with your linger’. extended. Your
elbow pointed toward the ceiling
4. Place your right hand behind your back with your palm out and your fingers extended up.
& Reach up as far as possible and attempt to touch the fingers of your two hands together.
Some people are not able to touch at all, while others’ fingers may overlap.
5. The distance between the fingertips of one hand and the other is measured to the nearest
half inch.
6. If fingertips of hands just touch, you receive a score of “0”/
7. If your fingers do not touch, you receive a negative score of the distance between your
fingers, measured to the nearest .5 or half Inch.
8. If your fingers overlap, you receive a positive score measuring the overlap to the nearest .5 or
half inch.
Scoring : Record the best score to the nearest centimeter or 1 inch. Below a showing the
recommended ranges (in inches) for this test based on age groups.

24. Men’s Results
Women’s Results

25. 5. EIGHT FOOT UP AND GO TEST FOR AGILITY
(I) Purpose: This test measures speed, agility and balance while moving.
(II) Equipment required : Stopwatch, straight back or folding chair (about 17 inches$4 cm high),
one marker, measuring tape, area clear of obstacles.
(iii) Procedure: -
1. Place the chair next to a wall (for safety) and the marker 8 feet in front of the chair. Clear the
path between the chair and the marker.
2. Sit In the chair with your hands on your thighs, your feet flat on the floor with one toot
slightly ahead of the other.
3. Upon the signal “go” rise from the chair and walk as quickly as Possible out to the marked
place. You may press off your thighs of the chair when you rise. Do not run. Walk around the
outside of the marked area and return to your seat as quickly as possible.
4. You can take a practice test before testing for a score if you wish.
(iv) Scoring : Take the best time of the two trails to the nearest 1/10th second. a table showing
the recommended ranges in seconds for this test based on age groups
Men’s Results

26. Women’s Results
6. SIX MINUTE WALK TEST FOR AEROBIC ENDURANCE
(I) Purpose : This test measures aerobic fitness (endurance)/Physical stamina which is for
walking distances, stair climbing, shopping and sightseeing etc.
(ii) Equipment Required : Measuring tape to mark out the track distances, stopwatch
positioned for resting.
(iii) Procedure :
1. The walking course Is laid out in a 50 yard (45.72m) rectangular area, with cones placed at
regular intervals to indicate distance walked.
2. The aim of this test is to walk as quickly as possible for six minutes to cover as much ground as
possible.
3. Subjects set their own pace (a preliminary trail is useful to practice pacing), and are able to
stop for a rest if they desire.
(iv) Scoring: Measure the distance walked in 6 minutes to the nearest metre is the score and is
recorded.

27. Precautions : The test should be terminated if the examined person reports dizziness, nausea,
excessive fatigue, pain, or if the examiner notices any other symptoms of concern. The
examiners should be trained in recognizing these symptoms and the necessary action plan
should be ii place in case of medical emergencies.
Normal Range of Scores - Men
Distance in yards:
610-735, 560-700,545-680, 470-640, 445-605, 380-570, 305-500
Normal Range of Scores - Women
Distance in yards
545-660, 500-635, 480-615, 430-585, 385-540, 340-510, 275-440
2 MINUTE STEP TEST
(I) Purpose : Alternate aerobic endurance/physical stamina test, for use when space limitations
or weather prohibits taking the 6-minute walk test.
(II) Equipment required : Stop watch
(iii) Procedure : 1. Stand near a marked place.
2. On the command ‘go’ do as many number of full steps completed in 2 minutes, raising each
knee to a point midway between the patella (kneecap) and Iliac crest (top hip bone).
3. Score is number of times right knee reaches the required height.
Normal Range of Scores - Men
No of steps : 87-115,86-116, 80-110,73-109,71 -103,59 -91,52-86
Normal Range of Scores Women
No of steps 75-107, 73-107,68 -101, 68-100, 60-91, 55-85, 44-72

28. Thank You