Nursing Defined by different scholar

1. NURSING DEFINED
BY DIFFERENT
SCHOLAR
By
Muhammad Baqar
Rn, BScN, MSPH

2. Nursing ...
➢ Encompasses autonomous and
collaborative care of individuals of
all ages, families, groups and
communities, sick or well and in all
settings. It includes the promotion
of health, the prevention of illness,
and the care of ill, disabled and
dying people.

3. Nursing is...
➢ To facilitate healing and restore
health by manipulating the
person’s environment.
Nightingale (1859) Environmental Theory

4. Nursing is...
➢To develop interaction between the
nurse and the person.
Peplau (1952) Interpersonal Process

5. Nursing is...
➢To assist the person (well and sick)
to perform the 14 essential
functions.
Henderson (1955) Basic Needs

6. Nursing is...
➢To use conversation activities
aimed at optimizing the person’s
resources.
Levine (1969) Conservation Theory

7. Nursing is...
➢Science and art; the art of nursing
is the creative use of science for
human betterment.
Rogers (1970) Science of Unitary Beings

8. Nursing is...
➢ A process of action, reaction, and
interaction.
King (1971) Goal Attainment Theory

9. Nursing is...
➢ A triad of interrelated action
systems.
Orem (1971) Self-Care Deficit Theory

10. Nursing is...
➢To support the individual’s
adaptation to stimuli.
Roy (1976) Adaptation Model

11. Nursing is...
➢To respond to human needs and
build humanistic nursing science.
Paterson & Zderad (1976) Humanistic Nursing

12. Nursing is...
➢To provide care; caring is the
central, unifying domain for nursing
knowledge and practice.
Leininger (1978) Transcultural Caring Theory

13. Nursing is...
➢To assist client adjustments
required for an optimal wellness
level through accuracy in the
assessment of effects and possible
effects of environmental stressors
Neuman (1972/1995) Systems Model

14. Nursing is...
➢To assist persons attain a higher
degree of harmony by offering
caring relationships that clients can
use for personal growth and
development.
Watson (1979/1989) Human Caring Theory

15. Nursing is...
➢A discipline, the practice of which is
a performing art.
Parse (1981/1995) Human Becoming Theory

16. Nursing……
➢ The care and nurturing of healthy and ill
people, individually or in groups and
communities. [Taber’s also includes as
a part of the definition the ANA
“essential features” involving holism,
use of subjective and objective data,
application of scientific knowledge, and
provision of a caring relationship.]
(Venes, D. Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, 2013)

17. Nursing……
• Nurses provide and coordinate
patient care, educate patients and
the public about various health
conditions, and provide advice and
emotional support to patients and
their family members.
(Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012c)

18. Nursing……
.
➢ The unique function of the nurse is to assist
the individual, sick or well, in the performance
of those activities contributing to health, it’s
recovery, or to a peaceful death the client
would perform unaided if he had the necessary
strength, will or knowledge.
➢ Help the client gain independence as rapidly
as possible.
(INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF NURSES as
written by Virginia Henderson)

19. Nursing……
➢“Nursing is the protection,
promotion, and optimization of
health and abilities, preventions of
illness and injury, alleviation of
suffering through the diagnosis and
treatment of human response, and
advocacy in the care of individuals,
families, communities, and
populations”
(ANA, 2010, p. 10)

20. Certain themes are common to
many of these definitions

21. The purpose of nursing
Six key purposes of nursing
1. To promote and maintain health.
2.To care for people when their health is
compromised.
3.To assist recovery.
4.To facilitate independence.
5. To meet needs.
6.To improve/maintain well being/quality
of life.

22. Characteristics of Nursing
• Nursing is caring.
• Nursing involves close personal contact
with the recipient of care.
• Nursing is concerned with services that
take humans into account as
physiological, psychological, and
sociological human beings.
• Nursing is committed to promoting
individual, family, community, and
national health goals in its best manner
possible.

23. Characteristics of Nursing
• Nursing is committed to
personalized services for all
persons without regard to color,
belief, social or economic status.
• Nursing is committed to
involvement in ethical, legal, and
political issues in the delivery of
health care