community health nursing

1. CONCEPT AND SCOPE OF COMMUNITY
HEALTH AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING
Puspanjali mohapatro
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Community Health Nursing

2. DEFINITION
Health
World Health Organisation (WHO) define
health as on April 1948 "Health is a state of
complete physical mental, and social well-
being and not merely the absence of disease
or infirmity.”

3. Community
A group of people, often living in a defined geographical area, who
may share a common culture, values and norms, and are arranged
in a social structure according to relationships which
the community has developed over a period of time.
community health:-
Refers to the healthy status of the member of the community to
solve the problem affecting totality of a health care provided for the
community.

4. - According to WHO-
Aim of the community health -----------
Health promotion
Disease prevention
Management of factors affecting health

5. PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
 According to American Nurses Association(ANA 1999)public
health nursing is a population focused community nursing
practice with the goal of prevention of disease and disability by
creating the conditions where people can be healthy
 Public health nursing (PHN) involves working with
communities and populations as equal partners, and focusing on
primary prevention and health promotion (ANA, 2007)

6. CONTI…..
 Public health nursing is the practice of promoting
and protecting the health of populations using
knowledge from nursing, social, and public health
sciences (American Public Health Association,
Public Health Nursing Section, 1996)

7. COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
 Community health nursing is synthesis of
nursing practice and public health practice,
applied to promoting and preserving the health
of populations.
 Health promotion, health maintenance, health
education and management, coordination and
continuity of care are used in a holistic approach
in the management of the health care of
individual, families, and groups in a community.

8. RIGHT TO HEALTH
 Universal Declaration of human rights
established declaration in 1948, "Everyone
has the right to a standard of living adequate
for the health and well-being of himself and
his family. The preamble to the WHO
constitution also affirms that it is one of the
fundamental rights of every human being to
enjoy the highest attainable standard of
health"

9. THE CONCEPT "RIGHT TO HEALTH" ARE
 Right to medical care
 Right to responsibility for health Right to healthy
environment
 Right to food
 Right to procreate or not
 Right of the deceased persons (determination of death,
abortion, etc.)
 Right to die.

10. CHANGING CONCEPTS OF HEALTH
 Biomedical Concept- This concept was
referred to as biomedical concept Medically
human body was equated to a machine and
disease was looked as breakdown of
machine while doctor was considered as the
repairer of the machine. Thus, health
became the ultimate goal of medicine.

11. CONTI…..
 Psychological Concept
Developments in social sciences revealed the
fact that health is not only absence of disease but
also it is a social, economic, psychological,
cultural and political entity.
.Holistic Concept
This concept corresponds to the view of
population that health implies sound mind in a
sound body in a sound family and in a sound
environment.

12. ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT
Form ecological point of view; health is viewed
as a dynamic equilibrium between human being
and environment, and disease a maladjustment
of the human organism to environment.
 According to Dubos “Health implies the relative
absence of pain and discomfort and a
continuous adaptation and adjustment to the
environment to ensure optimal function.”
 The ecological concept raises two issues,
viz. imperfect man and imperfect
environment.

13. SCOPE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
 Industrial nursing
 Domiciliary nursing
 Mental health nursing
 School health nursing
 MCH and family planning services
 Home care
 Geriatric care
 Rehabilitation center

14. COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE
 Community health nurses act as advocates as well.
They might work to get a government funded health
facility that offers free or affordable healthcare into a
community made up of primarily low-income
individuals.
 Roles: The primary role of the public health nurse is
to work within the community to support
population health and deliver preventive health care
services. ...Community dimensions of practice
including health service planning, advocacy, and
program effectiveness evaluation within and for
the community.

15. FUNCTION OF CHN
 Managerial function-
i)assessment
ii)planning
iii)supervision
iv)co-ordination and co- operation
v)evaluation
Nursing function-
i) providing comprehensive care
ii)assisting in the diagnosis and treatment

16. CONTI.
iii) Guiding the family in taking care of the
patient.
iv)Regular home visit
-Educational function -
-other works

17. QUALITIES OF CHN
 High Standards of Professionalism. ...
 Never-Ending Diligence. ...
 Exceptional Communication Skills. ...
 Effective Interpersonal Skills. ...
 Attention to Detail. ...
 Quick Problem-Solving Abilities. ...
 Action-Oriented. ...
 Empathetic Disposition.
 Sense of Humor
 Solid Stamina

18. AIM OF CHN
Aim-
 The aim of community health nursing practice is
to promote health and efficiency.
 To prevent and control diseases and disabilities.
 To prolong life by providing need based, well
balanced comprehensive health care services to
community at large through organized
community efforts.

19. OBJECTIVES
1) To increase the capability of community to deal with their own health problems.
2) To strengthen community resources
3) To control and counteract environment
4) To prevent and control communicable and non communicable diseases
5) To provide specialised services
6) To conduct research
7) To prepare health personnel

20. PRINCIPLES
1) Recognized needs and functioning within
the total health programme.
2)Clearly defined objectives and purposes for
its services.
3)An active organized citizens group of the
community group is an integral part of the
community health programme.
4)Community health nursing services are
available to the entire community.

21. CONTI.
5)Community health nursing recognized the family and
community as units of service. 6)Health education and
counselling for the individual, family and community are
the integral part of community health nursing.
7)Participation in planning relating to goals for the
attainment of health.
8)The community health nurse should qualify as a full-
fledged nurse.
9)Based on the needs of the patient and there should
be proper continuity of services to patients.

22. CONT.
10) Periodic and continuous appraisal and evaluation
of health situation.
11) The community health nurse should function/serve
as an important member of the health team.
12)There should be provision for qualified nurse to
make supervision for community health services.
13)The community health nurse directs the patient to
appropriate community resources for necessary
financial and social assistance.
14)Should not accept gifts or bribes from the patients.

23. ROLES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSES
 Nurse Manager
 Nurse Collaborator
 Nurse Researcher
 Nurse Leader
 Nurse clinician
 Nurse educator
 Nurse advocate

24. THANK YOU