Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
CBSE XII Business Studies Chapter 8 Controlling
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3. Meaning of Controlling
Controlling is a pervasive managerial function which
ensures that the activities in an organization are
performed as per the plans, using resources efficiently
and effectively for the achievement of predetermined
goals by setting performance standards, measuring
actual performance, comparing actual performance
with the standards set, analyzing the deviations and
taking corrective actions.
4. Importance of Controlling
Accomplishing organizational goals
Judging accuracy of standards
Making efficient use of resources
Improving employee motivation
Ensuring order and discipline
Facilitating coordination in action
5. Limitations of Controlling
Difficulty in setting quantitative standards for
areas like job satisfaction, human behavior etc
No control on external factors like government
control, technological changes etc.
Resistance from employees like objection to
CCTVs
High cost of installing a control system
6. Relation between Planning and Controlling
Planning Controlling
Planning seeks consistent and
articulated programmes
Planning is about looking ahead
It is the first process in building a
business
Planning seeks to prescribe
appropriate action for achieving
goals
Planning is guided by past
experiences
Controlling ensures that the
events conform to the plans
Controlling is looking back
It is a continuous function in any
business
Controlling checks if decisions
have been implemented
Controlling aims to improve
future performance
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13. Techniques of Managerial Control
Traditional Techniques Modern Techniques
Personal Observation
Statistical Reports
Breakeven Analysis
Budgetary Control
Return on Investment
Ratio Analysis
Responsibility Accounting
Management Audit
PERT and CPM
Management Information
System