INTRODUCTION TO HEAT BOILER & IC ENGINE.

1. HEAT INTERACTIVE EQUIPMENT
SUBJECT :- BASICS OF MECHANICAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING.
CODE:- IDME1010
PREPARED BY:- PRF. YASH SALUNKE

2. HEAT TRANSFER AND MODES
Heat energy :- Heat transfer is a process by which internal energy
from one substance transfers to another
substance. Thermodynamics is the study of heat transfer and the
changes that result from it. An understanding of heat transfer is
crucial to analysing a thermodynamic process, such as those that
take place in heat engines and heat pumps.
• Modes of Heat Transfer
• Conduction is when heat flows through a heated solid through
a heat current moving through the material. You can observe
conduction when heating a stove burner element or a bar of metal,
which goes from red hot to white hot.

3. • Convection is when heated particles transfer heat to another
substance, such as cooking something in boiling water.
• Radiation is when heat is transferred through electromagnetic
waves, such as from the sun. Radiation can transfer heat through
empty space, while the other two methods require some form of
matter-on-matter contact for the transfer.

4. THERMAL POWER
PLANT

5. BOILERS
“ Boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other liquid is heated,
steam or vapour is generated, steam is super-heated, or any
combination thereof, under pressure or vacuum, for use external to
itself, by the direct application of energy from the combustion of
fuels, from electricity or nuclear energy. “

7. BOILER MOUNTINGS
• Boiler mountings are mechanical devices that are considered necessary to
operate the boiler smoothly & safely, which are usually mounted on
surfaces of the boilers. These are the parts of the system that are
mounted on the boiler’s own body for protection of the boiler and for
complete control of the steam generation cycle. Machinery protects the
boiler from damage to itself due to extremely high pressure, steam
backflow, vacuum shell collapse, irregular steam pressure, low water,
pumping backflow, and dry running.
• Following are the mountings of Boiler
• Main Steam Stop Valve

8. • It is usually applied to the highest part of the shell through the
flanges. To control the flow of steams from the boilers to the main
steam pipe. The steam produced in the boilers is provided by this
valve to the ship’s system to completely shut off the steam when
required. It is typically a non-return valve type installed directly at
the steam location of the boiler shells. The body is made of cast
irons, & the valve seat is made of gunmetal.
• Auxiliary Steam Stop Valve
• A separate steam line provided by the boilers for the small
auxiliary system is supplied to most steam systems on ships
through this valve. The valve is small in size and is generally
a non-return type.

9. • Safety Valve
• Location It is attached to boiler mounting steam chests. Function To blow off steam
to prevent explosions when the steam pressure inside the boiler exceeds the
working pressure. Commonly used safety valves are spring-loaded safety valves.
In case of unsafe excess pressures inside the boilers, a safety valve is used to
release the excess pressure. Before installation, the lifting pressure of the valve is
set & locked in the presence of surveyors so that it does not change later. In
generals, safety valves are fitted in pairs.

10. • Scum Blow down Valves
Location: It is mounted in the crown plate of a boiler mounting
furnace or firebox.
Functions: To extinguish a fire in a boiler furnace when the water
level in the boiler falls to an unsafe limit, and thus the explosion
caused by overheating of the furnace plate is avoided.
A shallow dish types systems equipped at ordinary water level enables
floating impurities, oil foaming, etc., to float from the surface of the
water.
BOILER ACCESSORIES
Feed Pump
• Feed Pumps Are Used to Feed High-
Pressure Water in Boilers.

11. Soot Blower
• During combustion, soot accumulates on
the inner tubes of the furnace, and the gas
passes are plugged in. Ultimately, soot
deposited inside the furnace reduces the
efficiency of the boiler. A soot blower is
used to remove the soot from the tubes to
prevent the gas pass from being plugged.
Injector
• The function of the injectors is the same as
that of the feed pumps; It is used where
space is not available for the installation of
the feed pump. The kinetic energy of steam
in an injector is used to increase the
pressure and velocity of feed water in a
convergent-diverging nozzle.

12. Super heater
• The super heater raises the temperature of
steam without raising the pressure.
Air Preheater
• The air preheater is used to recover heat
from the exhaust flue gases. It is
established between the chimney and the
economist. Through the preheater, air
passes for combustion purposes. This
increases the temperature of the
combustion air with the help of exhaust flue
gases. The air passes through the heater
tubes, and the flue gas passes through the
outside of the heater tubes.

13. Steam Separator
• The function of the steam separator is to
remove water droplets from the steam. It is
installed on the main steam pipe in the
boiler. It is important to remove steam that
is in the water because water droplets in
the steam reduce thermal efficiency.
Economizer
• Economizers are heat exchangers that
transfer the heat in the flue gas to another
medium‚ generally the boiler feed-water‚
although other streams are sometimes
used such as make-up water.

14. COCHRAN BOILER

15. BABCOCK AND WILCOX
BOILER

16. CORNISH BOILER

19. PRIME MOVER
Prime mover (engine), motor, a machine that converts various
other forms of energy (chemical, electrical, fluid pressure/flow, etc)
into energy of movement.
Classification of Prime mover
Prime Mover can be classified into two types :-
A. Reciprocating I.C. engine
B. Open cycle gas turbine
External Combustion
Engine
Internal Combustion
Engine
A. Reciprocating steam engine
B. Steam turbine
C. Closed cycle gas turbine
Thermal prime mover

20. RECIPROCATING
STEAM ENGINE

21. STEAM TURBINE

22. CLOSE CYCLE GAS
TURBINE

23. RECIPROCATING I.C
ENGINE

24. 2 STROKE VS. 4
STROKE

25. S.I ENGINE VS. C.I
ENGINE