The document discusses various hematological conditions and concepts in veterinary medicine. It covers topics like rouleaux formation, Coombs testing for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, erythrocytosis, methemoglobinemia, different types of leukopenia and leukocytosis, lysosomal storage disease in cats, myeloproliferative diseases, and answers questions related to identifying blood cells and inclusions.

1. Dr. Ajith Y. MVSc PhD
Assistant Professor,
Department of Veterinary Medicine
Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Banaras Hindu University

3. • Clumps/agglomerations of red cells – Antibody
• Rouleaux formation in Horse - dissociate when dilute
1:4 with 0.9% NS - Fibrinogen
• Coombs testing (antiglobulin test)

4. - Detects bound antibody on RBC Surface
- Washed RBC incubated with Coombs reagent (anti Hu glob)
- Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA)

5. - Detects free antibody on serum against foreign RBC
- Testing prior to blood transfusion or pregnant women

6. • Erythrocytosis – Increase in RBC, PCV, Hb
• Relative erythrocytosis: Increase in peripheral circulation
only; stress, dehydration
• Horse spleen (PCV-80%) eject 5-10 L of blood during exercise
• Absolute erythrocytosis
- Primary: myeloproliferative
- Secondary: tissue hypoxia, increased erythropoietin
• Polycythemia vera– Increase in RBC, WBC, platelets

7. • Methemoglobinemia – Nitrate poisoning

8. • Leukopenia
- Lymphopenia & Neutropenia: Viral diseases, per-acute
toxemia migration from blood into tissues.
• Leukocytosis
- Lymphocytosis (T/B): Chronic viral or bacterial infections
- Eosinophilia: Allergy or parasitism
- Basophilia: Hypothyroidism and Dirofilaria immitis
- Neutrophilia: Subacute to chronic Toxemia, Band cells,
Left shift, 'stress' leukogram
Glucocorticoids causes Neutrophilia, Lymphopenia,
Eosinopenia, Monocytosis, Thrombocytosis

9. • Autosomal recessive disorder in smoke-blue Persian cats
• lysosomal trafficking regulator (LYST) gene is mutated
• Affect storage & secretory function of lysosomal granules
• Abnormal phagocytosis, oculo-cutaneous albinism &
coagulation defects

10. Other conditions
• Lymphadenopathy
• Myeloproliferative diseases
- Plasmacytoma (multiple myeloma) Bence-Jones proteinuria
- Lymphoma and lymphosarcoma
• Spleenomegaly
• Spleenic abscess (emboli, parasite migration)
• Splenic hematoma, Rupture or Infarction
• Thymus Atrophy or Hypoplasia

11. Qn: An immature erythrocyte without a nucleus,
characterized by granular mesh like pattern on
new methylene blue staining.
– Granulocyte
– Erythroblast
– Rubricyte
– Reticulocyte

12. Qn: An Immature neutrophil, characterized by a
curved, non-lobar nucleus, usually observed in
acute inflammatory conditions.
– Band cell
– Stab cell
– Staff cell
– All the above

13. Qn: The immediate precursor of RBC, having
hemoglobin and a pyknotic nucleus, appearing
in blood in some anemic conditions.
– Normoblast
– Annulocyte
– Basket cell
– Burr cell

14. Qn: An abnormal RBC having appearance of a
shooting target, with darker center and
periphery separated by a light band.
– Spherocyte
– Stomatocyte
– Codocyte
– Centrocyte

15. Qn: These are intracellular inclusions, composed
of denatured hemoglobin found attached to
RBC membrane, common in acetaminophen
toxicity.
– Heinz-Ehrlich body
– Howell Jolly body
– Pappenheimer body
– Basophilic stippling

16. Qn: The term refers to the presence of
abnormally shaped erythrocytes in blood
smear.
– Anisocytosis
– Poikilocytosis
– Pancytosis
– Polychromasia

17. Qn: Light blue basophilic inclusions observed in
the peripheral cytoplasm of neutrophils in
conjunction with toxic granulation.
– Heinz bodies
– Dohle bodies
– Howell Jolly bodies
– Pappenheimer bodies