Common Congenital Abnormalities in Farm Animals
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Congenital musculoskeletal diseases of domestic animals for Veterinary Medicine
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Common Congenital Abnormalities in Farm Animals
- 1. Dr. Ajith Y. MVSc PhD Assistant Professor TeachingVeterinary ClinicalComplex, COVAS, Mannuthy Departmentof VeterinaryClinicalMedicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence KeralaVeterinaryandAnimal Sciences University, Pookode
- 2. • Most common congenital abnormality in farm animals is related to musculo-skeletal system. • Mostly recessive genes and expressed on inbreeding. • Some are lethal too… • Mn, Ca, P, Mg,Cu, Vit D & Vit A • Abnormalities may be due to, – Improper development or complete absence of an organ. – Denervation & Muscular atrophy. – Articular surface deformity – Contracted or relaxed tendons
- 3. • Fixation in extension and flexion of the joint causing ankylosis of the limbs. (Immobile joints)
- 4. • Overdevelopment of the musculature of the shoulder, back, rump, and hindquarters, separated by deep creases.
- 5. • Incompletely formed muscles, ligaments, tendons, and joints. Jersey calves.
- 6. • Partial or complete agenesis of the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal area with hind leg arthrogryposis.
- 7. • Shortening of spine, long slender limbs, inferior brachygnathism.
- 8. • Dorsal arching of the back.
- 9. • Lordosis: Ventral arching of back. • Scoliosis: Lateral deviation of spine
- 11. • Abnormally massive dense bone (excess mineral, less organic matrix) and prone to breakage.
- 12. • Varus==> Bow legged • Valgus ==> Cow hocked
- 13. • Mule foot, is the partial or complete fusion of the digits of one or more feet • Development of extra digit. •Sometimes, Polysyndactyly also
- 14. • Improper development of the growth plates. Causes DWARFISM… brachycephalic or dolichocephalic
- 15. • Legs are thinner and appear longer than normal.
- 16. • Ovine hereditary chondrodysplasia • Inactivation of normal fibroblast growth factor receptor 3
- 17. • Spraddleleg, Myofibrillar hypoplasia • Weakness of the adductor muscles relative to the abductors.
- 18. • Amelia: Complete absence of the skeletal parts of a limb. • Hemimelia: Partial absence of leg, mainly distal part.
- 19. • Contracted tendons of flexors of fetlock • DD with knuckling in hypokalemia in calf diarrhoea
- 22. PARROT MOUTH
- 23. • Failure of the embryonic prosencephalon to properly divide the orbits of the eye into two cavities.
- 24. • Eleven types are there. • Type V: Myophosphorylase deficiency • Type II: acid maltase (acid α-glucosidase) deficiency Pompe's disease • Extreme fragile bones and joint laxity. • Mutations of type I collagen
- 25. • Spina bifida: Incomplete closing of the embryonic neural tube • Hyperelastosis: More elastic and loose skin (horse) • Dermatosparaxis Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: Extremely fragile skin due to less collagen • Hypermobile joints (lack of joint fixation) • Kinked tail, tail less ness etc. • Vestigial limbs