Hybrid pigeonpea shows promise to improve yields in India but faces challenges. Manual hybridization is difficult so methods using genetic and cytoplasmic male sterility were developed. Early hybrids from the 1990s showed yield gains but lack stability. Future prospects include developing more stable hybrids using wild relatives and genomics. This will help breed hybrids tolerant to abiotic and biotic stresses with improved traits for farmers and consumers.

1. Problems and prospects of
hybrid pigeonpea in India
Speaker: Vipin Kumar Pandey (Ph.D. Scholar)
DOCTORAL SEMINAR II (GP-692)
Presentation Date: 23-12-2017 Time: 3.00pm

2. INTRODUCTION
• ‘Pigeonpea’ name was coined in Barbados
(Gowda et al., 2011).
• Red Gram or Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] an
ideal plant for sustainable agriculture
• It is a diploid (2n=22)
• It’s genome size is 808 Mbp.
(Varshney et al., 2012)
Pigeonpea
Food &
Feed
Bio-
Fertilizer
Nutrient
recycling
Fuel-
wood &
Fodder
Performs
in low
fertility

3. • It have large variation for days to maturity (97days
to 299 days)(Remanandan, 1990)
• It is an excellent source of protein 20-22%
(Saxena et al., 2010)
• In India 2015-2016 its area around 3.96 m ha,
production of 2.56 million tons and productivity of
about 646 kg/ha
(Source : Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India, 2015-2016)
INTRODUCTION

4. What is hybrid?
The progeny of a cross between genetically different plants is called hybrid.
How to make hybrid pigeonpea?
• By using hand emasculation (Manual)
• By using Genetic Male Sterility (GMS)
• By using Cytoplasmic Genetic Male Sterility (CGMS)
A honey bee foraging on a pigeonpea flowers
which helps in out crossing

5. By using hand emasculation (Manual)
• Hand emasculation.
• Pollination.
• Tagging and bagging.

6. What is Male sterility?
• Male sterility is refers to a condition in which pollen is either absent
or non-functional in flowering plants.
• J.K. Koelreuter (1763) observed anther abortion in tobacco plant.
• In pigeonpea Genetic Male Sterility (GMS) was first reported by
Reddy et al., 1978.
• In pigeonpea Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) was first developed
by Tikka et al., 1997.

7. Why Male Sterility ???
• Reduced the cost of hybrid seed production.
• Production of large scale of F1 seeds.
• Avoids enormous manual work of emasculation and
pollination.
• Speed up the hybridization programme.
• Commercial exploitation of hybrid vigour.

8. HISTORYOF HYBRID PIGEONPEA
• Mehta and Dave identified early and late maturity types
in 1931. (Mehta and Dave,1933)
• Pigeonpea breeding program started in 1933. (Shaw et al.,
1933)
• ICAR started All India Coordinated Pigeonpea
Improvement Project in 1965. (Ramanujam et al., 1981)
• ICRISAT developed worlds first hybrid pigeonpea
ICPH 8 and release in 1991 by ICAR.

9. Hybrid seed production of pigeonpea using GMS
(Genetic Male Sterility)

10. Hybrid seed production of pigeonpea using GMS
(Genetic Male Sterility)
Maintains of GMS

11. HYBRID VARIETIES OF PIGEONPEA BY GMS
HYBRIDS INSTITUTION PLACE YEAR
ICPH 8 ICRISAT &
ICAR
Delhi 1991
PPH 4 PAU Ludhiana 1994
CoPH 1 TNAU Coimbatore 1994
CoPH 2 TNAU Coimbatore 1997
AKPH4101 PDKV Akola 1997
AKPH2022 PDKV Akola 1998
Source (Saxena et al., 2015)

12. Problems related to GMS based hybrid seed production
• Low amount of hybrid seed production (50%).
• Roughing of fertile counterpart of female (cost increasing).
• Lack of necked eye marker for male sterility (linked marker).
• Difficult to maintain genetic purity (insect pollinated).

13. Case study- 1

14. Hybrid seed production of pigeonpea
Cytoplasmic Genetic Male Sterility

15. Comparative segregation for male-sterility in the seed
maintenance of the male-sterile lines.

16. Major problems in pigeonpea hybrid seed production
are:
(i)Long generation time
(ii)Low wind pollination.
(iii)Limits selection of heterotic hybrid parents
(iv)The on-farm seed production exercise
(v)Maintains the genetic purity
(vi)Restoration of fertility

17. Case study 2

18. Future
prospects
We can make more stable
hybrid
We can use wild relatives
and germplasm for stress
tolerance breeding
Utilization of genomic
resources
We can Breeding for special
traits

19. Case study-3

20. Future prospects
More stable hybrid
Current hybrids are not stable yield
Fertility restoration are not
stable
Male sterile line are not
stable

21. Future prospects
We can use wild relatives and germplasm for stress tolerance breeding
For abiotic stress tolerance
WATER LOGGING
SALINITY
DROUGHT
LOW TEMPRETURE
For biotic stress tolerance
POD FLY
POD BORER
STERLITY MOSAIC
DISEASE
FUSARIUM WILT
PHYTOPHTHORA BLIGHT

22. Case study-4

23. Future prospects
Utilization of
genomic sequence
data resources
GENOMICS ASSISTED BREEDING
FOR IDENTIFICATION OF QTLs
FOR DEVELOPING MOLCULAR
MARKER
FOR SCREENING STRESS TOLERANCE
HYBRIDS
EXPLORATION OF IMPORTANT TRAIT
HAVING GERMPLASM

25. Case study -5

26. Future prospects
We can Breeding
for special traits
For high protein contain
For Long shelf life of green pods and grains
For large attractive white seeds
For easy shelling and high rate of dal recovery
For cooking quality of dal