The document discusses digital systems and number systems. It begins with examples of applications of digital electronics like industrial process control and communication systems. It then defines analog and digital signals, comparing their characteristics. Digital signals are discrete while analog signals are continuous. Common number systems like binary, octal, hexadecimal and decimal are introduced. Methods to convert between these number systems, like converting decimal to binary, are demonstrated through examples.

1. EC /DIGITALSYSTEMDESIGN
ROEVER ENGINEERING COLLEGE
ELAMBALUR, PERAMBALUR- 621 220
DEPARTMENTOFELECTRONICSANDCMMUNICATIONENGINEERING
Presented by
Mr.T.Azhagesvaran, AP (Sr.G)/ECE
Roever Engineering College
Perambalur

2. Communication Systems
.
EC -DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN
1.
REVIEW OF NUMBER SYSTEM
⚫ In the modern world of electronics, the term Digital is generally associated
with a computer because the term Digital is derived from the way computers
perform operation, by counting digits. For many years, the application of
digital electronics was only in the computer system. But now-a-days, digital
electronics is used in many other applications. Following are some of the
examples in which Digital electronics is heavily used..

3. APPLICATIONS:
 Industrial process control
 Military system
 Television
 Communication system
 Medical equipment
 Radar
 Navigation
.
REVIEW OF NUMBER SYSTEM

4. .
Signal
Signal can be defined as a physical quantity, which contains some information.
It is a function of one or more than one independent variables. Signals are of two
types.
Analog Signal
Digital Signal
Analog Signal
An analog signal is defined as the signal having continuous values.
Analog signal can have infinite number of different values. In real world
scenario, most of the things observed in nature are analog. Examples of the
analog signals are following.
Temperature/Pressure/Distance/Sound/Voltage/Current/Power

5. .
Signal
Graphical representation of Analog Signal (Temperature)
The circuits that process the
analog signals are called as analog circuits
or system. Examples of the analog system
are following.
Filter
Amplifiers
Television receiver
Motor speed controller
Disadvantage of Analog Systems
1. Less accuracy 2.More noise effect
3. More distortion 4. More effect of weather

6. .
Signal
Digital Signal
A digital signal is defined as the signal which has only a finite number
of distinct values. Digital signals are not continuous signals. In the digital
electronic calculator, the input is given with the help of switches. This input is
converted into electrical signal which have two discrete values or levels. One of
these may be called low level and another is called high level. The signal will
always be one of the two levels. This type of signal is called digital signal.
Examples of the digital signal are following.
Binary Signal
Octal Signal
Hexadecimal Signal

7. Advantage of Digital Systems
More accuracy
More versatility
Less distortion
Easy communicate
Possible storage of information
Signal
Graphical representation of the Digital Signal (Binary)
The circuits that process the digital signals are
called digital systems or digital circuits. Examples
of the digital systems are following.
Registers
Flip-flop
Counters
Microprocessors
Advantage of Digital Systems
 More accuracy
 More versatility
 Less distortion
 Easy to communicate

8. Advantage of Digital Systems
More accuracy
More versatility
Less distortion
Easy communicate
Possible storage of information
Signal
S.No Analog Signal Digital Signal
1 Analog signal has infinite values. Digital signal has a finite number of
values.
2 Analog signal has a continuous
nature.
Digital signal has a discrete nature.
3 Analog signal is generated by
transducers and signal generators.
Digital signal is generated by A to D
converter.
4 Example of analog signal − sine
wave, triangular waves.
Example of digital signal − binary signal.
Comparison of Analog and Digital Signal

9. Advantage of Digital Systems
More accuracy
More versatility
Less distortion
Easy communicate
Possible storage of information
Digital Number System
Number System
The number system is simply a system to represent or express numbers.
There are various types of number systems and the most commonly used ones are
 Decimal number system
 Binary number system
 Octal number system
 Hexadecimal number system.

10. Advantage of Digital Systems
More accuracy
More versatility
Less distortion
Easy communicate
Possible storage of information
Digital Number System
Number System
The number system is simply a system to represent or express numbers.
There are various types of number systems and the most commonly used ones are
 Decimal number system
 Binary number system
 Octal number system
 Hexadecimal number system.

11. Advantage of Digital Systems
More accuracy
More versatility
Less distortion
Easy communicate
Possible storage of information
Digital Number System
Decimal Number System
The number system that we use in our day-to-day life is the decimal
number system. Decimal number system has base 10 as it uses 10 digits from 0 to
9.
Example: 1234
Binary Number System
Uses two digits, 0 and 1.
Also called base 2 number system

12. Advantage of Digital Systems
More accuracy
More versatility
Less distortion
Easy communicate
Possible storage of information
Digital Number System
Octal Number System
Uses eight digits, 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7.
Also called base 8 number system

13. Advantage of Digital Systems
More accuracy
More versatility
Less distortion
Easy communicate
Possible storage of information
Digital Number System
Hexadecimal Number System
 Uses 10 digits and 6 letters, 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F.
 Letters represents numbers starting from 10. A = 10, B = 11, C = 12, D = 13, E
= 14, F = 15.
 Also called base 16 number system.

14. Advantage of Digital Systems
More accuracy
More versatility
Less distortion
Easy communicate
Possible storage of information
Number Conversion
1. Convert decimal 41 to binary.
First, 41 is divided by 2 to give an integer quotient of 20 and a remainder of 1 2.
Then the quotient is again divided by 2 to give a new quotient and remainder. The process
is continued until the integer quotient becomes 0. The coefficients of the desired binary
number are obtained from the remainders as follows:
DECIMAL TO BINARY

15. Advantage of Digital Systems
More accuracy
More versatility
Less distortion
Easy communicate
Possible storage of information
Number Conversion
2. Convert decimal 153 to octal. The required base r is 8. First, 153 is divided by 8 to give
an integer quotient of 19 and a remainder of 1. Then 19 is divided by 8 to give an integer
quotient of 2 and a remainder of 3. Finally, 2 is divided by 8 to give a quotient of 0 and
a remainder of 2. This process can be conveniently manipulated as follows:
DECIMAL TO OCTAL

16. Advantage of Digital Systems
More accuracy
More versatility
Less distortion
Easy communicate
Possible storage of information
Number Conversion
3. Convert (0.6875)10 to binary. First, 0.6875 is multiplied by 2 to give an integer and a
fraction. Then the new fraction is multiplied by 2 to give a new integer and a new fraction.
The process is continued until the fraction becomes 0 or until the number of digits has
sufficient accuracy. The coefficients of the binary number are obtained from the integers as
follows:
DECIMAL TO BINARY (INT)

17. Advantage of Digital Systems
More accuracy
More versatility
Less distortion
Easy communicate
Possible storage of information
Number Conversion
4. Convert (0.513)10 to octal.
DECIMAL TO OCTAL (INT)

18. Advantage of Digital Systems
More accuracy
More versatility
Less distortion
Easy communicate
Possible storage of information
Number Conversion

19. Advantage of Digital Systems
More accuracy
More versatility
Less distortion
Easy communicate
Possible storage of information
Number Conversion
5. Convert decimal number 540 into hexadecimal number.
DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL

20. Advantage of Digital Systems
More accuracy
More versatility
Less distortion
Easy communicate
Possible storage of information
Number Conversion
6. Convert decimal fractional number 0.06640625 into hexadecimal number.
DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL

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