Sources of Drugs pharmacology presentation 1.pptx
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This document discusses various sources of drugs, including plant sources (leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, roots, bark, stem), animal sources (pancreas, thyroid, liver, blood), mineral sources (iron, mercury, iodine, fluorine, borax, selenium), microbiological sources (Penicillium fungus, actinobacteria), synthetic/semisynthetic sources, biotechnological sources, and human sources (immunoglobulins, growth hormone, placental extract, chorionic gonadotropin). Many important drugs are obtained from these natural, semisynthetic and synthetic sources.
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Sources of drugs
This document discusses the various sources of drugs, including natural sources like plants, animals, and microbes. It notes some issues with natural sources like standardization and supply maintenance. Many modern drugs are derived from the isolation of active chemical principles from natural sources, like morphine from poppies. Some are produced recombinantly using biotechnology techniques. Over 90% of current drugs are synthetic and produced in pharmaceutical laboratories, and include classes like antipyretics, antihistamines, and antibiotics. The document provides examples of drugs derived from each source category.
Introduction to pharmacognosy,classification of drugs,quality control of drug...
This document provides an introduction to the field of pharmacognosy. It defines pharmacognosy as the study of medicinal or therapeutic agents of natural origin, including plants, animals, and minerals. The document discusses the history of pharmacognosy and natural products in medicine. It also covers different classifications of crude drugs, including morphological, chemical, and taxonomic classifications. The classifications are based on factors like the plant or animal part, chemical constituents, and biological taxonomy.
sources of drugs.ppt
This document discusses the various sources of drugs, which can be natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic. Natural sources include plants, animals, microbes, minerals, and marine sources. Many early drugs came from plants and their leaves, roots, seeds, etc. Animals provided hormones, enzymes, and extracts. Microbes are a source of vaccines and antibiotics. Semi-synthetic drugs are modified from natural compounds, while synthetic drugs have novel chemical structures designed to improve properties. The source of a drug must be understood to know its properties and effects.
Sources of Drug
The document discusses the various sources of drugs, which include plants, animals, minerals, microorganisms, synthesis, and genetics. Plants remain a major source, with parts like leaves, stems, and roots utilized. Alkaloids, glycosides, oils, resins, gums, and tannins are the major active pharmacological compounds found in plants. Animals provide substances like insulin, antibiotics from microbes, and minerals like iron. Synthetic and semi-synthetic drugs allow for mass production and structural modifications. Genetic engineering also enables large-scale production of drugs like insulin through recombinant DNA techniques. Overall, the document provides an overview of the diverse natural and manufactured sources that the pharmaceutical industry relies upon to discover and produce
Class sources of drugs
This document discusses the various sources of drugs including natural sources from plants, animals, and microorganisms as well as synthetic drugs. It provides examples of commonly used drugs from different natural sources such as morphine from poppy plants, digitalis from foxglove, and penicillin from fungus. The document also notes advantages of synthetic drugs such as better quality control and the ability to modify drug structures.
Ch01 history of pharmacy
This document provides a summary of the history of pharmacy practice from ancient times through the 18th century. It describes how early healers in Mesopotamia, China, Egypt, India, and Greece studied herbal medicines and maintained records of treatments. It discusses influential early pharmacists and physicians like Hippocrates, Galen, and Dioscorides. It outlines the development of specialized apothecary practices in the Middle Ages and the establishment of early pharmacist organizations and regulations. The document concludes with highlights on the introduction of pharmacy to North America and important 18th century developments.
Introduction to Pharmacognosy
This document provides an overview of pharmacognosy, including its definition, historical development, and modern applications. It discusses how pharmacognosy is the study of crude drugs from natural sources like plants, animals, and minerals. Over time, the field has advanced from early empirical use of natural remedies to the systematic isolation and characterization of active pharmaceutical ingredients using analytical techniques. Pharmacognosy continues to contribute to drug discovery and development through the study of natural products.
Sources of drug for Undergraduate MBBS students
--> Drugs are obtained from 8 major sources
.Plant sources
.Animal sources
.Mineral/ Earth sources
.Microbiological sources
.Synthetic sources
.Semi synthetic sources
.Human sources
.Genetically engineered
Almost all parts of the plants are used i.e. leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, roots, bark and stem.
Leaves
Digitoxin and Digoxin
Hyoscine
Nicotine
Atropine
Oil of Eucalyptus
Animal source
Heparin - Leech
Pepsin - stomach of cow
Human source
HCG - Pregnant women
Urokinase - human kidney cell
Recommended
Sources of drugs
This document discusses the various sources of drugs, including natural sources like plants, animals, and microbes. It notes some issues with natural sources like standardization and supply maintenance. Many modern drugs are derived from the isolation of active chemical principles from natural sources, like morphine from poppies. Some are produced recombinantly using biotechnology techniques. Over 90% of current drugs are synthetic and produced in pharmaceutical laboratories, and include classes like antipyretics, antihistamines, and antibiotics. The document provides examples of drugs derived from each source category.
Introduction to pharmacognosy,classification of drugs,quality control of drug...
This document provides an introduction to the field of pharmacognosy. It defines pharmacognosy as the study of medicinal or therapeutic agents of natural origin, including plants, animals, and minerals. The document discusses the history of pharmacognosy and natural products in medicine. It also covers different classifications of crude drugs, including morphological, chemical, and taxonomic classifications. The classifications are based on factors like the plant or animal part, chemical constituents, and biological taxonomy.
sources of drugs.ppt
This document discusses the various sources of drugs, which can be natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic. Natural sources include plants, animals, microbes, minerals, and marine sources. Many early drugs came from plants and their leaves, roots, seeds, etc. Animals provided hormones, enzymes, and extracts. Microbes are a source of vaccines and antibiotics. Semi-synthetic drugs are modified from natural compounds, while synthetic drugs have novel chemical structures designed to improve properties. The source of a drug must be understood to know its properties and effects.
Sources of Drug
The document discusses the various sources of drugs, which include plants, animals, minerals, microorganisms, synthesis, and genetics. Plants remain a major source, with parts like leaves, stems, and roots utilized. Alkaloids, glycosides, oils, resins, gums, and tannins are the major active pharmacological compounds found in plants. Animals provide substances like insulin, antibiotics from microbes, and minerals like iron. Synthetic and semi-synthetic drugs allow for mass production and structural modifications. Genetic engineering also enables large-scale production of drugs like insulin through recombinant DNA techniques. Overall, the document provides an overview of the diverse natural and manufactured sources that the pharmaceutical industry relies upon to discover and produce
Class sources of drugs
This document discusses the various sources of drugs including natural sources from plants, animals, and microorganisms as well as synthetic drugs. It provides examples of commonly used drugs from different natural sources such as morphine from poppy plants, digitalis from foxglove, and penicillin from fungus. The document also notes advantages of synthetic drugs such as better quality control and the ability to modify drug structures.
Ch01 history of pharmacy
This document provides a summary of the history of pharmacy practice from ancient times through the 18th century. It describes how early healers in Mesopotamia, China, Egypt, India, and Greece studied herbal medicines and maintained records of treatments. It discusses influential early pharmacists and physicians like Hippocrates, Galen, and Dioscorides. It outlines the development of specialized apothecary practices in the Middle Ages and the establishment of early pharmacist organizations and regulations. The document concludes with highlights on the introduction of pharmacy to North America and important 18th century developments.
Introduction to Pharmacognosy
This document provides an overview of pharmacognosy, including its definition, historical development, and modern applications. It discusses how pharmacognosy is the study of crude drugs from natural sources like plants, animals, and minerals. Over time, the field has advanced from early empirical use of natural remedies to the systematic isolation and characterization of active pharmaceutical ingredients using analytical techniques. Pharmacognosy continues to contribute to drug discovery and development through the study of natural products.
Sources of drug for Undergraduate MBBS students
--> Drugs are obtained from 8 major sources
.Plant sources
.Animal sources
.Mineral/ Earth sources
.Microbiological sources
.Synthetic sources
.Semi synthetic sources
.Human sources
.Genetically engineered
Almost all parts of the plants are used i.e. leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, roots, bark and stem.
Leaves
Digitoxin and Digoxin
Hyoscine
Nicotine
Atropine
Oil of Eucalyptus
Animal source
Heparin - Leech
Pepsin - stomach of cow
Human source
HCG - Pregnant women
Urokinase - human kidney cell
An Introduction to pharmacognosy
Pharmacognosy deals with plants and animals that yield drug substances, their properties, methods of harvesting crude drugs, processing and storing them, and extracting active constituents. It also involves identifying crude drugs, their biological and geographical sources, cultivation, collection, preparation methods, constituents, and medicinal uses. A pharmacognosist is responsible for identifying drug sources, determining morphological characters, investigating purity and constituents, and ensuring proper cultivation and collection methods. Crude drugs include entire or parts of plants, animals, minerals, and substances derived from them. Their production involves cultivation, collection, drying, packing, and preservation.
Pharmacognosy a quick review
This document provides information on the biological source, chemical constituents, and uses of various plants and plant-derived drugs used in pharmacognosy and Ayurvedic medicine. It describes 27 different plants/drugs, including their family, part used, key chemical components, and applications as medicines or supplements. The document aims to provide a quick review of important plants and materials commonly used in herbal medicine.
Introduction to pharmacognosy
Pharmacognosy is the study of drugs derived from natural sources. It involves the identification, characterization, cultivation, extraction, preparation, quality control, and assessment of bioactive compounds from natural sources. Some key areas of pharmacognosy include the isolation of phytochemicals, studying structure-activity relationships of compounds, obtaining drugs through partial synthesis of natural products, using natural products as models for synthesizing new drugs, and investigating biosynthetic pathways. Developments in fields like microbiology, analytical chemistry, and related sciences have contributed to the growth of pharmacognosy as an applied science.
Crude Drug
Crude drugs are naturally occurring substances derived from plants, animals, bacteria or fungi that are used for medicinal purposes. They include whole or cut plants, plant or animal parts, juices, glands, dried plant secretions and animal extracts. Crude drugs can be classified in several ways including by their source (plants, animals, minerals), plant organ (roots, leaves, fruits), pharmacological effects, chemical constituents or taxonomic classification. The most common sources are higher plants, microbes, animals and marine organisms. Crude drugs are either organized tissues like herbs, fruits, barks or unorganized substances like juices, oils, gums or resins.
Introduction and scope of pharmacognosy by Dr.U.Srinivasa, Professor, Sriniv...
Introduction and scope of pharmacognosy by Dr.U.Srinivasa, Professor, Sriniv...Srinivas college of pharmacy, Mangalore
This document discusses the science of pharmacy and pharmacognosy. It defines pharmacy as dealing with the procurement, testing, storage, and conversion of drugs into suitable forms. Pharmacognosy is defined as the study of drugs from biological origins, including plants, animals, and minerals. The document outlines the scope of pharmacognosy, including isolation of phytochemicals, structure-activity relationships, cultivation of medicinal plants, and development of herbal formulations. Physical and chemical parameters used to evaluate crude drugs are also summarized, such as ash values, swelling factor, and extractive values.Sources of drugs
Sources of Drugs: Drugs are substances that are used or intended to be used in the diagnosis, prevention, treatment or cure of diseases. In early times, these substances were derived from natural sources, of which plants took up the major share. With the introduction of technology, most drugs today are manufactured synthetically in the laboratory. The major sources of drugs can be grouped into the following
History and scope of pharmacognosy
Pharmacognosy is the study of medicines derived from natural sources. It deals with the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs from natural origins, as well as the search for new drugs. The history of pharmacognosy dates back to ancient civilizations in China, India, Egypt and Greece where plants were used medicinally before the beginning of the Christian era. Modern pharmacognosy developed between 1934-1960 due to events like the discovery of penicillin and isolation of compounds like reserpine. Today, pharmacognosy plays an important role in drug development through the isolation of active constituents, elucidation of their structures, and use of natural products as precursors for drug synthesis. Its future prospects
Unit i history scope of pharmacognosy
Unit i history scope of pharmacognosySURESH BABU EMANDI DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY Vikas Institute of Pharmaceutical scienes
Pharmacognosy is defined as the scientific study of crude drugs from natural sources like plants and animals. It examines their physical, chemical, and biological properties along with their history and methods of cultivation. The term "pharmacognosy" was first coined in 1815 by the German scientist Seydler by combining the Greek words for "drug" and "to acquire knowledge of". Crude drugs are drugs obtained from natural sources that are used as found in nature, usually after only drying and size reduction. Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine that is over 5500 years old. It believes that health is maintained by balancing three principles or energies and that illness occurs when their equilibrium is disturbed.HERBAL PHARMACOVIGILANCE ppt - Copy
This document discusses the importance of pharmacovigilance for herbal medications. It notes that herbal medicines are widely used globally but can also cause adverse reactions. A systematic approach to monitoring the safety of herbal medicines is needed to understand their risks and benefits. The challenges include regulating herbal medicines, ensuring quality control, monitoring safety, and standardized identification of herbal ingredients. Pharmacovigilance practices can help evaluate potential adverse effects, identify safety issues, and promote the safe use of herbal therapies.
Introduction of Pharmacognosy, Scope and Traditional system of Medicine
The term Pharmacognosy comes from two Greek words: “Pharmakon" meaning drug or medicine, and "gnosis" meaning knowledge or study. Pharmacognosy also defined as the systemic study of crude drugs obtained from natural origin like plants, animals, minerals, and microbes. Pharmacognosy defined as the branch of science which involves details study of drug obtained from natural origin including name, collection, cultivation, macroscopy, microscopy, physical property, chemical constituents, therapeutic action and uses.
https://youtu.be/gxOVfntCCB8
Pharmacognosy
The document provides an overview of pharmacognosy, which is the study of medicinal properties of crude drugs from natural sources like plants, animals, and minerals. It discusses the history of pharmacognosy from ancient civilizations using herbal medicines to modern classification systems. Key developments include Dioscorides' first materia medica in the 1st century AD describing 600 plants, and the isolation of active compounds from plants like quinine from cinchona bark and atropine from deadly nightshade. The scope of pharmacognosy includes isolating phytochemicals, investigating biosynthetic pathways, and developing herbal formulations.
sources of drugs
There are four main sources of drugs:
1) Natural sources including plants, animals, microorganisms, and minerals. Plants have historically been an important source and provide drugs like morphine, codeine, and digitalis.
2) Semi-synthetic drugs which are produced from natural compounds through chemical processing to make them less impure, like 6-aminopencillanic acid.
3) Synthetic drugs which are produced entirely in pharmaceutical laboratories and account for over 90% of drugs today. Examples include older drugs like chloroform as well as newer antipyretics, sulphonamides, and anti-anxiety drugs.
4) Recombinant DNA technology allows production of drugs like
Pharmacognosy: Enzymes (papaya, diastase, yeast)
Enzymes are protentious substances that catalyze or increase the rate of chemical reactions in a living organism.
It acts as a catalyst for specific reactions and converts the specific substrate into a specific product.
The biological processes that occur within all living organisms are chemical reactions, and most are regulated by enzymes.
Without enzymes, many of these reactions would not take place.
They are practically inactive at 0°C and beyond 65°C get denatured.
Crude drugs which contain enzymes are Papaya, Diastase, Yeast.
Factor like pH of the medium direct affects their action.
Nature & Sources of drug.pptx
This document discusses the various natural and synthetic sources of drugs. It outlines mineral sources like lithium carbonate, microbiological sources like gentamicin from microbes, animal sources like thyroxine from the thyroid, and genetically engineered sources like altaplase. It also discusses plant-derived drugs including alkaloids, glycosides, essential oils, gums, resins, tannins and more. Synthetic drugs are noted as the largest source due to advantages like purity and modifiable structures. The document provides examples of drugs derived from each source.
Scheme of pharmacognostic studies
This document outlines the key technical terms and areas of study involved in the pharmacognostic evaluation of crude drugs. It discusses official title, synonyms, biological source, geographical distribution, cultivation and collection, macroscopy and microscopy, chemical constituents and chemical tests, therapeutic and pharmaceutical uses, substitutes and adulterants, and storage and preservation. The purpose of pharmacognostic studies is to properly identify and characterize crude drugs through examination of their origin, appearance, microscopic features, chemical properties, constituents, uses, potential substitutes or adulterants, and appropriate storage conditions.
Pharmacy profession
The document provides an overview of the pharmacy profession through history. It discusses how the role of pharmacists has evolved from compounding medications to a focus on clinical services like counseling patients, monitoring drug therapies, and preventing medication-related problems. The modern pharmacist's responsibilities include dispensing drugs, providing drug information, and advising on proper medication use. Pharmacists work in various settings like community pharmacies, hospitals, long-term care facilities, and home healthcare. The future of the profession remains focused on pharmaceutical care and positive patient outcomes.
Pharmacognosy Volatile oils
The document discusses volatile oils and resins, noting that volatile oils are extracted from plants through distillation or solvent extraction and are mixtures of organic compounds used for things like flavoring, perfumes, and medicine, while resins are solid plant extracts that are insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol and used in things like pharmaceuticals and perfumery. Resins can be natural exudates from plants or prepared extracts and are often associated with volatile oils, gums, or both in combinations like oleoresins, gum-resins, and oleo-gum-resins.
Essential drug concept and rational use of medicines
This document discusses the essential medicine concept and rational use of medicines. It defines essential medicines as those that meet the health needs of a population based on effectiveness, safety, and cost. Essential medicine lists include generic drug names, dosage forms, strengths, and indications. Irrational medicine use can lead to ineffective or unsafe treatment, increased costs and resistance. Rational use means using medicines appropriately for each patient's needs in terms of drug choice, dosage, duration, and cost. The document outlines various educational, managerial, regulatory and economic strategies to promote rational medicine use.
Sorces of crude drugs
Drugs are obtained from six major sources: plant sources, animal sources, mineral/earth sources, microbiological sources, semi-synthetic sources, and recombinant DNA technology. Plant sources provide most drugs in ancient times and include leaves, stems, bark, fruits, and roots of plants. Animal sources include organs and fluids like the pancreas, urine, thyroid, cod liver, pituitary gland, and blood. Mineral sources consist of metals and non-metals like iron, mercury, zinc, iodine, and gold. Microbiological sources include fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms. Semi-synthetic drugs have a natural source nucleus but an altered chemical structure. Recombinant DNA involves inserting genes into bacteria
Introduction_to_Pharmacognosy
This document provides an introduction to the subject of pharmacognosy. It defines pharmacognosy as the study of crude drugs from plant, animal, and marine sources. The document outlines the history and development of pharmacognosy over time with contributions from scientists since ancient times. It describes the scope of pharmacognosy, including understanding drug actions, formulating products, isolating phytochemicals, and more. The types of crude drugs are categorized as organized (containing tissues) or unorganized. Sources of crude drugs are discussed, including various plant parts, animals, marine organisms, and tissue culture techniques.
Sources of drugs
Drugs are obtained from six major sources: plant sources, animal sources, mineral/earth sources, microbiological sources, semi-synthetic sources, and recombinant DNA technology. Plant sources provide many older drugs and include poppy flowers, tobacco leaves, and ipecacuanha roots. Animal sources such as sheep thyroid and cod liver are used. Mineral sources include metals like iron and non-metals like iodine. Microbiological sources provide antibiotics from fungi and bacteria. Semi-synthetic drugs are modified from natural sources, while synthetic drugs have altered chemical structures. Recombinant DNA technology produces drugs by inserting genes into bacterial cultures.
2 SOURCES OF DRUG.pptx
In this ppt we study about sources of drugs which are obtained naturally mostly from plants and animals and various sources like minerals and other sources.
pharmacognosy of crude drugs.
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An Introduction to pharmacognosy
Pharmacognosy deals with plants and animals that yield drug substances, their properties, methods of harvesting crude drugs, processing and storing them, and extracting active constituents. It also involves identifying crude drugs, their biological and geographical sources, cultivation, collection, preparation methods, constituents, and medicinal uses. A pharmacognosist is responsible for identifying drug sources, determining morphological characters, investigating purity and constituents, and ensuring proper cultivation and collection methods. Crude drugs include entire or parts of plants, animals, minerals, and substances derived from them. Their production involves cultivation, collection, drying, packing, and preservation.
Pharmacognosy a quick review
This document provides information on the biological source, chemical constituents, and uses of various plants and plant-derived drugs used in pharmacognosy and Ayurvedic medicine. It describes 27 different plants/drugs, including their family, part used, key chemical components, and applications as medicines or supplements. The document aims to provide a quick review of important plants and materials commonly used in herbal medicine.
Introduction to pharmacognosy
Pharmacognosy is the study of drugs derived from natural sources. It involves the identification, characterization, cultivation, extraction, preparation, quality control, and assessment of bioactive compounds from natural sources. Some key areas of pharmacognosy include the isolation of phytochemicals, studying structure-activity relationships of compounds, obtaining drugs through partial synthesis of natural products, using natural products as models for synthesizing new drugs, and investigating biosynthetic pathways. Developments in fields like microbiology, analytical chemistry, and related sciences have contributed to the growth of pharmacognosy as an applied science.
Crude Drug
Crude drugs are naturally occurring substances derived from plants, animals, bacteria or fungi that are used for medicinal purposes. They include whole or cut plants, plant or animal parts, juices, glands, dried plant secretions and animal extracts. Crude drugs can be classified in several ways including by their source (plants, animals, minerals), plant organ (roots, leaves, fruits), pharmacological effects, chemical constituents or taxonomic classification. The most common sources are higher plants, microbes, animals and marine organisms. Crude drugs are either organized tissues like herbs, fruits, barks or unorganized substances like juices, oils, gums or resins.
Introduction and scope of pharmacognosy by Dr.U.Srinivasa, Professor, Sriniv...
Introduction and scope of pharmacognosy by Dr.U.Srinivasa, Professor, Sriniv...Srinivas college of pharmacy, Mangalore
This document discusses the science of pharmacy and pharmacognosy. It defines pharmacy as dealing with the procurement, testing, storage, and conversion of drugs into suitable forms. Pharmacognosy is defined as the study of drugs from biological origins, including plants, animals, and minerals. The document outlines the scope of pharmacognosy, including isolation of phytochemicals, structure-activity relationships, cultivation of medicinal plants, and development of herbal formulations. Physical and chemical parameters used to evaluate crude drugs are also summarized, such as ash values, swelling factor, and extractive values.Sources of drugs
Sources of Drugs: Drugs are substances that are used or intended to be used in the diagnosis, prevention, treatment or cure of diseases. In early times, these substances were derived from natural sources, of which plants took up the major share. With the introduction of technology, most drugs today are manufactured synthetically in the laboratory. The major sources of drugs can be grouped into the following
History and scope of pharmacognosy
Pharmacognosy is the study of medicines derived from natural sources. It deals with the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs from natural origins, as well as the search for new drugs. The history of pharmacognosy dates back to ancient civilizations in China, India, Egypt and Greece where plants were used medicinally before the beginning of the Christian era. Modern pharmacognosy developed between 1934-1960 due to events like the discovery of penicillin and isolation of compounds like reserpine. Today, pharmacognosy plays an important role in drug development through the isolation of active constituents, elucidation of their structures, and use of natural products as precursors for drug synthesis. Its future prospects
Unit i history scope of pharmacognosy
Unit i history scope of pharmacognosySURESH BABU EMANDI DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY Vikas Institute of Pharmaceutical scienes
Pharmacognosy is defined as the scientific study of crude drugs from natural sources like plants and animals. It examines their physical, chemical, and biological properties along with their history and methods of cultivation. The term "pharmacognosy" was first coined in 1815 by the German scientist Seydler by combining the Greek words for "drug" and "to acquire knowledge of". Crude drugs are drugs obtained from natural sources that are used as found in nature, usually after only drying and size reduction. Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine that is over 5500 years old. It believes that health is maintained by balancing three principles or energies and that illness occurs when their equilibrium is disturbed.HERBAL PHARMACOVIGILANCE ppt - Copy
This document discusses the importance of pharmacovigilance for herbal medications. It notes that herbal medicines are widely used globally but can also cause adverse reactions. A systematic approach to monitoring the safety of herbal medicines is needed to understand their risks and benefits. The challenges include regulating herbal medicines, ensuring quality control, monitoring safety, and standardized identification of herbal ingredients. Pharmacovigilance practices can help evaluate potential adverse effects, identify safety issues, and promote the safe use of herbal therapies.
Introduction of Pharmacognosy, Scope and Traditional system of Medicine
The term Pharmacognosy comes from two Greek words: “Pharmakon" meaning drug or medicine, and "gnosis" meaning knowledge or study. Pharmacognosy also defined as the systemic study of crude drugs obtained from natural origin like plants, animals, minerals, and microbes. Pharmacognosy defined as the branch of science which involves details study of drug obtained from natural origin including name, collection, cultivation, macroscopy, microscopy, physical property, chemical constituents, therapeutic action and uses.
https://youtu.be/gxOVfntCCB8
Pharmacognosy
The document provides an overview of pharmacognosy, which is the study of medicinal properties of crude drugs from natural sources like plants, animals, and minerals. It discusses the history of pharmacognosy from ancient civilizations using herbal medicines to modern classification systems. Key developments include Dioscorides' first materia medica in the 1st century AD describing 600 plants, and the isolation of active compounds from plants like quinine from cinchona bark and atropine from deadly nightshade. The scope of pharmacognosy includes isolating phytochemicals, investigating biosynthetic pathways, and developing herbal formulations.
sources of drugs
There are four main sources of drugs:
1) Natural sources including plants, animals, microorganisms, and minerals. Plants have historically been an important source and provide drugs like morphine, codeine, and digitalis.
2) Semi-synthetic drugs which are produced from natural compounds through chemical processing to make them less impure, like 6-aminopencillanic acid.
3) Synthetic drugs which are produced entirely in pharmaceutical laboratories and account for over 90% of drugs today. Examples include older drugs like chloroform as well as newer antipyretics, sulphonamides, and anti-anxiety drugs.
4) Recombinant DNA technology allows production of drugs like
Pharmacognosy: Enzymes (papaya, diastase, yeast)
Enzymes are protentious substances that catalyze or increase the rate of chemical reactions in a living organism.
It acts as a catalyst for specific reactions and converts the specific substrate into a specific product.
The biological processes that occur within all living organisms are chemical reactions, and most are regulated by enzymes.
Without enzymes, many of these reactions would not take place.
They are practically inactive at 0°C and beyond 65°C get denatured.
Crude drugs which contain enzymes are Papaya, Diastase, Yeast.
Factor like pH of the medium direct affects their action.
Nature & Sources of drug.pptx
This document discusses the various natural and synthetic sources of drugs. It outlines mineral sources like lithium carbonate, microbiological sources like gentamicin from microbes, animal sources like thyroxine from the thyroid, and genetically engineered sources like altaplase. It also discusses plant-derived drugs including alkaloids, glycosides, essential oils, gums, resins, tannins and more. Synthetic drugs are noted as the largest source due to advantages like purity and modifiable structures. The document provides examples of drugs derived from each source.
Scheme of pharmacognostic studies
This document outlines the key technical terms and areas of study involved in the pharmacognostic evaluation of crude drugs. It discusses official title, synonyms, biological source, geographical distribution, cultivation and collection, macroscopy and microscopy, chemical constituents and chemical tests, therapeutic and pharmaceutical uses, substitutes and adulterants, and storage and preservation. The purpose of pharmacognostic studies is to properly identify and characterize crude drugs through examination of their origin, appearance, microscopic features, chemical properties, constituents, uses, potential substitutes or adulterants, and appropriate storage conditions.
Pharmacy profession
The document provides an overview of the pharmacy profession through history. It discusses how the role of pharmacists has evolved from compounding medications to a focus on clinical services like counseling patients, monitoring drug therapies, and preventing medication-related problems. The modern pharmacist's responsibilities include dispensing drugs, providing drug information, and advising on proper medication use. Pharmacists work in various settings like community pharmacies, hospitals, long-term care facilities, and home healthcare. The future of the profession remains focused on pharmaceutical care and positive patient outcomes.
Pharmacognosy Volatile oils
The document discusses volatile oils and resins, noting that volatile oils are extracted from plants through distillation or solvent extraction and are mixtures of organic compounds used for things like flavoring, perfumes, and medicine, while resins are solid plant extracts that are insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol and used in things like pharmaceuticals and perfumery. Resins can be natural exudates from plants or prepared extracts and are often associated with volatile oils, gums, or both in combinations like oleoresins, gum-resins, and oleo-gum-resins.
Essential drug concept and rational use of medicines
This document discusses the essential medicine concept and rational use of medicines. It defines essential medicines as those that meet the health needs of a population based on effectiveness, safety, and cost. Essential medicine lists include generic drug names, dosage forms, strengths, and indications. Irrational medicine use can lead to ineffective or unsafe treatment, increased costs and resistance. Rational use means using medicines appropriately for each patient's needs in terms of drug choice, dosage, duration, and cost. The document outlines various educational, managerial, regulatory and economic strategies to promote rational medicine use.
Sorces of crude drugs
Drugs are obtained from six major sources: plant sources, animal sources, mineral/earth sources, microbiological sources, semi-synthetic sources, and recombinant DNA technology. Plant sources provide most drugs in ancient times and include leaves, stems, bark, fruits, and roots of plants. Animal sources include organs and fluids like the pancreas, urine, thyroid, cod liver, pituitary gland, and blood. Mineral sources consist of metals and non-metals like iron, mercury, zinc, iodine, and gold. Microbiological sources include fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms. Semi-synthetic drugs have a natural source nucleus but an altered chemical structure. Recombinant DNA involves inserting genes into bacteria
Introduction_to_Pharmacognosy
This document provides an introduction to the subject of pharmacognosy. It defines pharmacognosy as the study of crude drugs from plant, animal, and marine sources. The document outlines the history and development of pharmacognosy over time with contributions from scientists since ancient times. It describes the scope of pharmacognosy, including understanding drug actions, formulating products, isolating phytochemicals, and more. The types of crude drugs are categorized as organized (containing tissues) or unorganized. Sources of crude drugs are discussed, including various plant parts, animals, marine organisms, and tissue culture techniques.
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Similar to Sources of Drugs pharmacology presentation 1.pptx
Sources of drugs
Drugs are obtained from six major sources: plant sources, animal sources, mineral/earth sources, microbiological sources, semi-synthetic sources, and recombinant DNA technology. Plant sources provide many older drugs and include poppy flowers, tobacco leaves, and ipecacuanha roots. Animal sources such as sheep thyroid and cod liver are used. Mineral sources include metals like iron and non-metals like iodine. Microbiological sources provide antibiotics from fungi and bacteria. Semi-synthetic drugs are modified from natural sources, while synthetic drugs have altered chemical structures. Recombinant DNA technology produces drugs by inserting genes into bacterial cultures.
2 SOURCES OF DRUG.pptx
In this ppt we study about sources of drugs which are obtained naturally mostly from plants and animals and various sources like minerals and other sources.
pharmacognosy of crude drugs.
Lectures 02 Sources of Drugs
Drugs can be obtained from various natural and synthetic sources. Naturally, drugs come from plants, animals, minerals, and microorganisms. Plant sources include leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits, roots, and bark. Animal sources include organs and tissues like the pancreas, liver, and blood. Minerals and earth provide metals and non-metals. Semisynthetic drugs have an altered natural structure, while synthetic drugs are entirely artificially produced. Microorganisms like fungi and bacteria also provide antibiotics. Genetic engineering now allows production of drugs like insulin through recombinant DNA technology.
Sources of drug (easy notes of pharmacology)
Drugs are obtained from six major sources:
1. Plant sources
2. Animal sources
3. Mineral/ Earth sources
4. Synthetic sources
5. Microbiological sources
6. Recombinant DNA technology
Exploring the Nature and Sources of Drugs: A Comprehensive Overview
This presentation delves into the fascinating world of pharmaceuticals, exploring the diverse nature of drugs and their sources. From natural compounds to synthetic creations, we'll uncover the origins of these crucial medications and their impact on healthcare.
Sources of drugs
Sources of crude drugs (natural)
Drugs obtained from Plants, Animals, Marine, Microorganism, Mineral and from Biotechnology (plant tissue culture) are covered in the presentation
chapter -1 pharmacognosy bpharm 4th sem cognosy
This document provides an introduction to pharmacognosy, including definitions, history and scope. Pharmacognosy is defined as the study of crude drugs from natural sources. The history of pharmacognosy dates back thousands of years to ancient texts like the Rigveda and Ayurveda in India. Significant developments over time include the identification and isolation of active constituents from plants in the 19th-20th centuries and the use of biotechnology and genetic engineering today. The scope of pharmacognosy includes identifying, cultivating and standardizing natural drugs as well as discovering new drugs from natural sources. Major sources of drugs discussed are plants, animals, microbes, minerals and marine sources.
Herbal plants
This document discusses medicinal plants and how they are used. It explains that plants contain primary and secondary metabolites, with the latter including alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolics which give plants medicinal properties. Some examples of how plants are used as medicines are provided, such as teas, extracts, and poultices. Ethnobotany, the traditional use of plants by certain cultures, is discussed. Several examples are provided of important medicinal plants that were discovered through ethnobotanical research, including cinchona bark for malaria treatment and coca leaves. The document concludes with a list of medicinal plants that are used in the Philippines.
Herbs AND Drugs as health food. PPT.pptx
Herbal drugs are made from the roots, stems, leaves, bark, fruit, seeds, or flowers of various plants known or believed to have medicinal properties. Many conventional drugs are also derived from plants. In fact, the word "drug" comes from the French word drogue, meaning "dried herb."
Sources of Crude Drugs
Crude drugs are obtained from six major natural sources: plants, animals, minerals, microbes, tissue culture and recombinant DNA technology, and semi-synthetic processes. Plant sources provide the oldest and most abundant crude drugs, with all plant parts used including leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, roots, and bark. Animal sources include hormones, enzymes and organs from animals. Marine sources provide compounds from algae, fungi and marine organisms. Microbes are a source of antibiotics and vaccines. Tissue culture and recombinant DNA technology allow production of drugs like antibiotics, hormones and analgesics. Semi-synthetic processes modify natural compounds into new drugs.
Plants that heal (BY SEEMA BHARDWAJ KVVP)
The document discusses medicinal plants and how they are used. It explains that plants contain primary and secondary metabolites, with the latter including alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolics which have medicinal properties. Some examples of medicinal uses of plants and their active ingredients are provided, such as quinine from cinchona for treating malaria. Ethnobotanical research identifies plants used traditionally by different cultures to treat various diseases. Many modern drugs are derived from plants that were used ethnobotanically, such as aspirin from white willow bark.
plants as a source of medicine.pptx
Plants have long been used as a source of medicinal drugs. There are several methods for collecting drugs from plants, such as extraction and isolation. Plant-based drugs can come from various parts of plants like bark, roots, flowers, seeds, and leaves. While plants offer advantages like low costs and fewer side effects compared to synthetic drugs, there are also disadvantages like inconsistent identification, collection, storage, and purity of active ingredients. Plants remain an important source of pharmaceuticals.
Introduction to pharmacology
This document discusses the scope and sources of pharmacology. It defines pharmacology as the study of how drugs interact with living organisms, including their uses, effects, and modes of action. It describes the main divisions of pharmacology like clinical pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics. The major sources of drugs are then outlined as minerals, animals, plants, synthetic/semi-synthetic compounds, microorganisms, and genetic engineering. Specific examples are provided for different sources like morphine from poppy plants, insulin from animal pancreases, and antibiotics from microbes.
Alkaloids-New S 2020.pdfyrhfeettsswarttte
The document defines alkaloids as basic heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds of plant origin that are physiologically active. However, some alkaloids deviate from this definition by not being basic or having nitrogen outside a heterocyclic ring. Alkaloids are classified as true, proto, or pseudo depending on their origin and structure. They are commonly found in dicots but rare in lower plants, and are distributed in various plant parts and families. In addition to acting as insect deterrents, alkaloids may function as nitrogen sources, growth regulators, or energy sources for plants. The document outlines extraction, purification, and classification methods for alkaloids. It provides examples of specific alkaloid-containing plants and
Drugs & Dosage forms
This document provides information on various drug dosage forms including solid, liquid, and semisolid forms. It discusses solid dosage forms in depth, including different types of tablets such as compressed, sublingual, buccal, chewable, effervescent, sugar-coated, film-coated, and enteric-coated tablets. It also briefly mentions other solid dosage forms such as powders, capsules, granules, and pills. The document emphasizes that solid dosage forms like tablets have advantages over other forms in terms of stability, accurate dosing, and ease of production and administration.
Animal sources of drugs, medicines and perfumes
Animal sources of drugs, medicines and perfumes.
Submitted By:
Tarique Bin Aziz
MSc. in Zoology (Specialization in Wildlife & Biodiversity Conservation)
BSc. (Honors) in Zoology
Department of Zoology
Jagannath University, Dhaka
Sources of crude drug, classification, organized and unorganized drugs.
Organized and unorganized drugs are classified based on whether they are direct parts of plants or animals (organized) or derived through extraction or processing (unorganized). Organized drugs include plant parts like leaves, roots, fruits, and flowers. Unorganized drugs are prepared from plants through incision, drying, or extraction and do not contain cellular tissues, like latex, gums, resins, and plant exudates. Crude drugs can also come from animal sources like hormones and enzymes, as well as microbial, mineral, marine, plant tissue culture, semisynthetic, and recombinant DNA sources.
Drugs from plants extraction, purification & analysis.
This document discusses the history and sources of drugs derived from plants. It covers how early civilizations used plants medicinally and how modern drug development has evolved. Key points include: natural substances like plants have long been used for medicines; in the 19th-20th centuries active compounds from plants started to be isolated and purified; many major drugs like aspirin, quinine, and taxol were developed from plant-derived compounds; modern techniques are used to extract, purify, and analyze active components from plants for drug development and treatments.
drugs extraction623.pdf
This document discusses the history and sources of drugs derived from plants. It covers how early civilizations used plants medicinally and how modern drug development has evolved. Key points include: natural substances like plants have long been used for medicines; in the 19th-20th centuries active compounds from plants like morphine and aspirin were isolated and purified; plants still provide over 60% of anti-cancer and anti-infective drugs; extraction methods are used to isolate medicinal compounds from plants.
Drugs from Plants : Extraction, Purification & Analysis.
Phytochemicals: Extraction, Purification & Analysis.
Introduction, Some of the medicinal plants & uses, different processes of extraction & purification. Analysis requirement & Analytical technique.
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Exploring the Nature and Sources of Drugs: A Comprehensive Overview
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Sources of crude drug, classification, organized and unorganized drugs.
Sources of crude drug, classification, organized and unorganized drugs.
Drugs from plants extraction, purification & analysis.
Drugs from plants extraction, purification & analysis.
Drugs from Plants : Extraction, Purification & Analysis.
Drugs from Plants : Extraction, Purification & Analysis.
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Sources of Drugs pharmacology presentation 1.pptx
- 2. Group 2 • Awais shani (Group Leader) • M. Saleem khan • Asad Ullah • Sami Ullah
- 3. Objectives • Sources of Drugs. • Plant sources • Animal sources • Mineral sources • Microbiological sources • Synthetic/Semisynthetic sources • Biotechnological sources
- 4. Sources of Drugs The origin of drugs is versatile. Drugs are obtained from some major sources Plant sources: Plant source is the oldest source of drugs. Most of the drugs in ancient times were derived from plants. Almost all parts of the plants are used. i.e. Leaves, stem, bark, fruits and roots etc.
- 5. Cont…. Leaves: • The leaves of Digitalis purpurea are the source of Digitoxin and Digitoxin, which are cardiac glycosides. • Leaves of eucalyptus give oil of eucalyptus, which is important component of cough syrup. • Tobacco leaves give nicotine. • Atropa belladonna gives atropine.
- 6. Cont… Flowers: • Poppy Papaver somniferous gives morphine (opioid) • Vinca rosea gives vincristine and vinblastine • Rose gives rose water used as tonic
- 7. Plant sources Fruits • Senna pod gives anthracene which is a purgative (used in constipation) • Calabar beans give physostigmine which is cholinomimetic agent
- 8. Plant sources Seeds • Caster oil seeds gives us caster oil • Calabar beans give physostigmine which is a cholinomimetic drug Caster oil seeds Calabar beans
- 9. Plant sources Roots • Reserpine was used for hypertension • Rauwolfia serpentina gives reserpine a hypotensive agent
- 10. Plant sources Bark • Atropa belladonna gives atropine which is anticholinergic • Hyoscyamus Niger gives hyoscine which is also anticholinergic Atropa belladonna Hyoscyamus Niger
- 11. Plant sources Stem: • Chondrodendron tomentosum gives tubocurarine which is skeletal muscle relaxant used in general anesthesia
- 12. Animals sources Animals sources gave us hormone for replacement in time of deficiencies. These drugs originate from the different parts of the animal (pancreas , stomach, liver etc.)
- 13. Animals sources • Pancreas of pigs and cattle is a source of insulin used in treatment of diabetes • Sheep thyroid is a source of thyroxine used in hypertension • Cod liver is used as a source of vitamin A and D • Blood of animals is used in preparation of vaccines • Liver extracts for anemia
- 14. Mineral Sources Metallic and Non metallic sources: • Iron is used in treatment of iron deficiency anemia. • Mercurial salts are used in Syphilis. • Iodine is antiseptic.
- 15. Mineral Sources Miscellaneous Sources: • Fluorine has antiseptic properties • Borax has antiseptic properties as well. • Selenium as selenium sulphone is used in anti dandruff shampoos.
- 16. Synthetic/ Semi synthetic Sources Synthetic Sources: When the nucleus of the drug from natural source as well as its chemical structure is altered, we call it synthetic. Examples include Emetine Bismuth Iodide
- 17. Synthetic/ Semi synthetic Sources Semi Synthetic Source: When the nucleus of drug obtained from natural source is retained but the chemical structure is altered, we call it semi- synthetic. Examples include Apomorphine, Diacetyl morphine, Ethinyl Estradiol, Homatropine, Ampicillin and Methyl testosterone.
- 18. Microbiological Sources Penicillium notatum is a fungus which gives penicillin. Actinobacteria give Streptomycin. Aminoglycosides such as gentamicin and tobramycin are obtained from streptomyces and micromonosporas.
- 19. Biotechnological sources Drugs that are prepared by combining the principles of biology and technology that are through recombinant technology are called biotech drugs. insulin is prepared in labs through biotechnology for humans by altering the DNA of E.coli bacteria
- 20. Human beings These products are obtained from human beings. For example, immunoglobulin's from blood, growth hormone from the pituitary gland, placental extract from placenta, and chorionic gonadotropin from the urine of pregnant women.