It's about to suspend an object in the air without applying any force rather then magnetic force . It's totally electronics based magnetic levitation.

1. “MAG-LEV”
PRESENTED BY: –
 ATISH KUMAR (18)
 KRITYANAND JHA (27)
 NAVNEET SHUBHAM (31)
 SAURAV KUMAR (39)

2. INTRODUCTION
 Magnetic levitation is
suspension of an object
under the influence of
magnetic field.
 Two types
1. attraction type
2. repulsion type
 This is an example of
attraction type
 Mechanism is same in both
of types

3. Basic Principle:-
Balancing the magnetic
and Gravitational force
on the Object.
Various methods used to
detect the location of
object.
1. using hall-effect
2. IR LED
3. using micro-controller

4. IR LED BASED:-
In this technique the photodetectors detects the led
light coming from the IR led source . The light which
reaches to photodetectors is depends upon the position of
object which is placed between the led source and the
photo detectors.

5. List of components
• Hall effect sensor
• IC 741 (working as Difference Amplifier )
• TL 494 (PWM)
• WI 737 IRF740 (MOSFET)
• Electromagnet
• Diode
• Capacitor
• Resistor
• Potentiometer

6. BLOCK DIAGRAM:-

7. Circuit Diagram

8. Hall effect Sensor
 It works on the principle of
Hall effect. It has three pins i.e.
pin 1- 5 v
pin 2 ground
pin 3 analog voltage as output
 It generates output voltage on
according to the field around
the sensor. Higher would be
field, higher would be
generated output.

9. Working of hall
effect sensor
 Basically a PN
junction device.
 Magnetic Field
separate the hole
and electron.
 Discovered by J.S
hall in 1729, termed
it as hall effect.

10. INTERNAL BLOCK
DIAGRAM OF TL494
Pin 1 and 16 –
Reference
Pin 2 and 15 –
Error Voltage
Error Amplifier
Output –Negative
then PWM will
ON.
Error Amplifier
Output -
Positive then
PWM will OFF.

11. RESULT
ANALYSICS
Error voltage is greater then
the Reference Voltage.
PWM is in 100% ON
Condition.

12. RESULT ANALYSIS(cont.)
Schematic output Output on DSO

13. Future Scope
MAGLEV TRAIN
1)Principle of propulsion:- the
propulsion coils located on the
sideways are energized by the
three phase supply from the
substation , creating a shift in
the magnetic field on the guide
way.
2)Advantages includes: High
speed, Little friction , Low
energy consumption, Negligible
Pollution

14. FUTURE
SCOPE(CONT.)
Pollutants released by Transportation :-
In a time when the greenhouse effect is a big
concern , the reduction of carbon dioxide
would be a big help for the environment.
Aesthetic appeals:
Sound: This cuts away the noise due to the
contact of the rails.
2) Steel industry applications.
3) Civil engineering (elevators , lifts, pumps
,etc. )

15. Implementation in future
This project can be implemented with
 Support from government agencies:-
Note: In Germany , government sanctioned 1
billion dollars for the development of test
tracks ; news in (“maglev ready for prime
time” Issues science tech 19no for summer
2003,Germany).
 Environmental support groups.

16. CONCLUSION
1) Magnetic levitation is a method by which an object
is suspended in the air with no support other than
magnetic fields . To ride a train that is defying
gravity , we need a faith.
2) This technology is being developed , so no telling
what the future holds for these type of applications.
3) With careful research and education , this clean ,
plentiful and friendly way of producing force could
prove to be a valuable asset to many developing
technologies.

17. First time in the history of India , a
levitation project has been done
which is completely based on
analog circuits.
THANK-YOU