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2. University Of Engineering And Technology Peshawar, Pakistan
CE-120
Building Construction Engineering
Instructed By: Engr Arsalaan Khan
Presented By: Asmar-ud-Din
Semester: 2nd
Department Of: Civil Engineering
Registration No: 19pwciv5272

3. “Topics”
Site Selection
Factors To Be Taken Into Account For Site Selection
Orientation Of Building
Objectives Of Orientation
Factors Affecting Orientation Of Building
Ventilation Of Building
Objectives Of Ventilation
Methods Of Ventilation
“Site Selection, Orientation And Ventilation Of Building”

4. Site Selection
Before construction the first step is site selection. The site of building
greatly effects its planning, design and construction. The selection of
site mainly depend upon the occupancy of the building. Selection of site
for building play an important role as it has direct effect on the
following
• Cost of construction
• Its Maintenance
• The living condition
“Site Selection, Orientation And Ventilation Of Building”

5. Factors To Be Taken Into Account For Site Selection
Following are the factors to be taken into account while making site
selection for a building.
1.Level Of Site
The level of site must be higher than the surrounding in order to provide
good drainage. If the level of site is lower or equal to the surrounding
then it will create drainage problem after rainfall.
2.Climatic Condition
The intensity of rainfall and subsoil water should be lower enough to
avoid dampness.
“Site Selection, Orientation And Ventilation Of Building”

6. 3.Soil Condition
The soil condition in the site should be such that the hard stratum is to
be available at the reasonable depth of (1m-1.5m) below the ground
level so, as to construct the foundations safely and economically as well.
4.Availability Of Services
In order to provide the facilities to the residents the site should be within
the municipal limits. Within the municipal limits there will be the
facility of Gas, Electricity and water supply etc.
5.Surrounding
As it has mentioned earlier that the selection of site for the building
mainly depends on the occupancy. Therefore Surrounding of the site
must be such as to suit with the purpose for which the building is going
to be constructed.
“Site Selection, Orientation And Ventilation Of Building”

7. What should be the surrounding for different buildings?
Surrounding For Different Buildings
Each type of building requires different surroundings
1. The surrounding for Residential Building should be such that there
must be post offices, hospitals, banks and markets in order to
provide comforts to the residents.
2. The site for Commercial Building must be such that where people
usually come for shopping. Commercial building must be in the
center of the city having approach on all sides.
3. The site for an Educational Building must be such that in its
surrounding there should not be noise, and must be quietness in the
surrounding. It should be away from all kind of busy localities .
“Site Selection, Orientation And Ventilation Of Building”

8. 4.The site for Hospital or Institutional Building should be located in
quite locality and in the center of the area to be served.
5.The site for an Industrial Building must be away from the
residencies in order to avoid different types of pollution.
“Site Selection, Orientation And Ventilation Of Building”

9. Orientation Of Building
The art of placing building in such a way that its front faces a particular
direction is called the orientation of building.
Orientation also includes the arrangement of rooms of a building so, as
to provide natural comforts to the inmates.
“Site Selection, Orientation And Ventilation Of Building”

10. Objectives Of Orientation Of Building
Different objectives of building orientation are
1.To place building in such a way so, as to suit with its
surrounding.
2.To provide natural comforts to the inmates.
3.To provide privacy to the inmates.
4.To protect the residents from the dust nuisance.
5.To protect the inmates from the nuisance of noise.
6.To place building in such a way that no portion or minimum
portion will come in contact with shower during raining.
“Site Selection, Orientation And Ventilation Of Building”

11. Factors Affecting Orientation Of A Building
Different factors are to be considered while deciding the orientation of
the building
1. Climatic Condition
2. Sun-Path
3. Direction Of Roads/Streets
“Site Selection, Orientation And Ventilation Of Building”

12. 1.Climatic Condition
In the zone with hot climate the building must be oriented in such a way
that the direct sunlight is exploited by the large trees and adjoining
buildings to shade the façade.
2.Sun Path
In northern hemisphere for buildings on east-west axis in general south
facing orientation are desirable.
Because south facing facade receives maximum sunlight in winter and
causes green house effects and kill the germs which grow in dark.
Similarly in summer the sun is high enough in the sky and the eaves of
the buildings prevent the building from direct lightning and heating.
“Site Selection, Orientation And Ventilation Of Building”

13. For the clarification of the concept it has been shown in the given figure
below
“Site Selection, Orientation And Ventilation Of Building”

14. “Site Selection, Orientation And Ventilation Of Building”
3.Direction Of Roads/Streets
While making the orientation it is also important to keep in mind that
the building must be oriented so, that they have easy approach to the
roads and streets.

15. Ventilation Of Building
Ventilation is defined as the supply of outside air into, or the removal of
inside air from the rooms of different buildings is called the ventilation
of buildings.(N.L. Arora, B.R. Gupta)
OR
The mechanism of supplying fresh air into the building and removing of
the foul air from the building.
Always a well ventilating building provides comfort and health as
well as fresh air for breathing of occupants.
“Site Selection, Orientation And Ventilation Of Building”

16. Objectives Of Ventilation
Different objectives of ventilation are
 To remove foul air and to provide fresh air into the building
 To remove unpleasant smell due to humidity
 To prevent the growth of different germs like bacteria and fungi
“Site Selection, Orientation And Ventilation Of Building”

17. Methods Of Ventilation
Ventilation can be done through
1. Natural method
2.Artificial method
3.Mixed method
Here we will see each of them in detail
1. Natural Ventilation
Natural ventilation is also called cross ventilation. Normally the
ventilation done through joinery(Doors and windows) of buildings is
called natural ventilation.
For good ventilation the aggregate area of the doors and windows
should not be less than ( )th of the total floor area of the room.
“Site Selection, Orientation And Ventilation Of Building”

18. 2. Artificial Ventilation
Artificial ventilation is also called the mechanical ventilation. Simply
the ventilation done with mechanical machine is called artificial
ventilation. The mechanical machine may be fan or exhauster.
In this case the air pressure reduces, so automatically fresh air will come
to the room.
3. Mixed Ventilation
Mixed ventilation is also called hybrid ventilation. When the natural
ventilation is low and not enough to provide the comforts to the inmates
then an artificial ventilation is added too, the ventilation in this case is
called mixed or hybrid ventilation.
“Site Selection, Orientation And Ventilation Of Building”

19. “A Wise Man First Think And Then Speak
And A Fool Speaks First And Then Think”
Hazrat Ali (R.A)