De-NOx Emission from Vehicular Exhaust.

1. Presented by:
Kavaiya Ashish Rajeshkumar
(15042022)
Department Chemical Engineering & Technology
Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi
U.P.-221005
“Studies of low temperature catalytic de-NOx
emissions from lean burn engines”

2. Introduction
•Sources of Nox
•Effects of Nox
•Control Technologies for vehicular NOx
•Objectives
•Literature Review
Experimental Section
•Catalyst Preparation
•Experimental Setup
Results and Discussion
•Catalyst Activity Measurements
•Catalyst Characterization
Conclusion
Reference
Appendix
Outline

3. Introduction

4.  Diesel engines are compression ignition
 Advantages:
 Fuel efficient
 High durability & reliability
 Low maintenance cost
 Low CO2 emission
 Disadvantages:
 High quantity of NOx and PM compared to gasoline (spark ignition) engines.
 NOx Constituents of ~ 95% NO, ~ 4.5% NO2 and very low N2O.
Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) controls PM ~ 95% and diesel NOx
control is the major challenge. The challenges become more severe
during cold start of diesel exhausts. NOx can be separately controlled
by selective catalytic reduction (SCR).

5. Composition of Exhaust Gases in Diesel engines
Components Concentration
CO 100-1000 ppm
HC 50-500 ppm
NOx 30-1000 ppm
SOx
Proportional to fuel S
content
DPM 20-200 mg/m3
CO2 2-12 Vol %

6. Sources of NOx
Natural
•Marine Ecosystems
•Volcanoes
•Lightening and Fires
•Bacteria
Anthropogenic
•Highway Mobile Sources
•Non-Road Mobile Sources
• Industries
•Power Plants
Figure 1. Man- made sources of NOx

7. On Human Health
On
Environment
On
Vegetation
On
Material
Pulmonary fibrosis,
emphysema &
higher LRI
(lower respiratory tract
illness) in children
Aggravate existing
heart disease
Nose and eye
irritation
Pneumonia
Lung tissue damage
Pulmonary edema
(swelling)
Bronchitis Defense
mechanisms
Green House
Gas (N2O)
Acid Rain
Photochemical
Smog
PAN , PAH etc.
Vegetation
growth
reduction
Visible
Injury to
Leaves
Acidified
particle
deposition on
a surface
Discoloration
of wall &
ceiling of
monuments
Effects of NOx
Ground level
ozone

8. Emission Legislation of vehicular NOx
Year Reference
Light duty
Vehicles
(g/km)
Heavy duty
Vehicels
(g/kWh)
2000
Euro 1/I
India 2000 - 8.0
2005
Euro 2/II
Bharat Stage II - 7.0
2008
Euro 3/III
Bharat Stage III 0.50-0.78 5.0
2010
Euro 4/IV
Bharat Stage IV 0.25-0.33 3.5
2011 Euro 5/V 0.18-0.24 2.0
2014 Euro 6/VI 0.08 0.4

10. Control Technologies for vehicular NOx
Pre-combustion
Fuel Treatment
Technologies
Post combustion
Exhaust Treatment
SCR Technology
Fuel Switching
Fuel Reforming NSCR Technology
EGR technology
Combustion
Modification
Dual Fueling
Low NOx burner
Staged Combustion
Reburning
Four Way Catalytic Systems
Three Way Catalytic Systems
NOx storage and Reduction
Simultaneous NOx & soot
Lean NOx Trap

11. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) in Diesel
vehicular NOx

12. Objectives

13. To develop the best possible low-cost and low-temperature active catalyst for the reduction
of NOx emissions using selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology for diesel engines.
To check the effect of different preparation methods on the activity of catalysts.
To check the effect of doping of transition metal elements and 0.1% Rh doping on the
activity of catalysts.
To check the effect of reducing agent on the activity of catalysts.
To characterize the catalyst by various techniques: FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM, and EDX, etc.
To evaluate the activity of various catalysts and find the most suitable for reduction of
NOx.

14. Literature Review

15. Sr.
No
Catalyst Preparation Method Exp. Conditions Catalyst Activity
% and Temp.
Author Year
NH3/Urea
1
Mn/TNT Alkaline Hydrothermal
Synthesis
Technique
900 ppm NO, 100 ppm NO2, 1000 ppm
NH3 and 10 vol.% O2 and ultra-high
purified helium (UHP helium
99.999%)
100-300 0C, 96-99 % Pappas et al
(2016) [1]
2 Fe-Cu-SSZ-13 Ion-exchange method 1000 ppm NO,1000 ppm NH3, 3% O2,
5% H2O (when used), and balance
with N2
95% NOx conversion ranges
from 150 to 450 ◦C
Zhang et al
(2015) [2]
3 NSUCH Fe-
ZSM-5)
Gel composition 600 ppm NO, 600 ppm NH3, and 6%
O2 in N2 balance.
100% NOx Conversion ranges
from 300 to 500 0C
Yan et al (2016)
[3]
4 Fe-containing
BEA zeolites
Ion exchange, post-
synthesis
[NO] = 0.1 vol.%, [NH3] = 0.1 vol.%,
[H2O] = 3.5 vol.%, [O2] = 8.0 vol.
higher temperature NO
conversion did not exceed 20%
Jabłońska et al
(2016) [4]
5 FeHBEA,
FeHZSM-5 and
FeHMOR
Ion Exchange and
Impregnation
procedures
[NO] = [NH3] = 0.25 vol.%, [O2] = 2.5
vol.% and [He] = 97 vol.%.
90% at temperature higher than
553 K.
Boron et al
(2015) [5]
6 MCM-41
modified with
iron
Template ion-exchange
(TIE) method.
[NO] = 0.25 vol.%, [NH3] = 0.25
vol.%, [O2] = 2.5 vol.% and
(b) in NH3-SCO: [NH3] = 0.5 vol.%,
[O2] = 2.5 vol.%, diluted in pure
helium
95 % conversation in the range
of 320- 350 0C
Kowalczyk et al
(2016) [6]

16. Sr.
No
Catalyst Preparation Method Exp. Conditions Catalyst Activity
% and Temp.
Author Year
7 CeO2–ZrO2–WO3 Hydrothermal synthesis
method
0.06% NH3,0.06% NO, 5 vol.% O2,
and N2 as the balance gas
95% NOxconversion at 201–
459°C
Song et al (2016)
[7]
8 Fe/WO3–ZrO2 Impregnation to
incipient wetness
12 mol% O2, 5% CO2, 10% H2O
(steam), 100 mol-ppm NH3and 100
ppm NO in nitrogen
90% NOx conversion at 350–
440°C
Foo et al (2016)
[8]
9 SBA-15 modified
with iron
Molecular designed
dispersion method and
ion-exchange method
[NO] = 0.25 vol.%, [NH3] = 0.25
vol.%, [O2] = 2.5 vol.% and [He] = 97
vol.%.
94% NOx conversion at 325–
400°C
Macina et al
(2016) [9]
10 Cu–Zeolite Commercial SDPF H2O = 5%(v/v), O2= 8%(v/v), NH3=
500 ppm NOx = 500 ppm
90% NOx conversion at 175–
350°C
Marchitti et al
(2016) [10]
11 VOx/CeO2 nanorod Impregnation method 100 mg of catalyst with 500 ppm NO,
500 ppmNH3, 3% O2, 5%H2O (when
used) and the balance was N2
V0.75Ce catalyst convert the
96% NOx at 225–350°C
Peng et al (2014)
[11]
12 WO3/CeOx-TiO2 Flame-spray synthesis 10 mg catalyst with 10 vol %,O2, 5 vol
% H2O, 1000 ppm of NO, 1200 ppm
of NH3 and
balance N2
99% NOx conversion at 350-
450 °C
Katarzyna et al
(2015) [12]

17. Sr.
No
Catalyst Preparation
Method
Exp. Conditions Catalyst Activity
% and Temp.
Author Year
13 Mn−Ce−Ti Hydrothermal Method 500 ppm of NO, 500 ppm of NH3, 0
or 5% H2O, 0 or 50 ppm of SO2, 5%
O2, and helium as the balance gas
Mn0.2Ce0.1Ti0.7Ox catalyst
very active in the range of
150-350 0C with 85 %
conversation
Liu et al (2014)
[13]
14 CuCexZr1–x/TiO2 Wet
impregnation method
100 mg of catalyst with 500 ppm
NO, 500 ppm NH3, 3% O2, 5% H2O
(when used) and the balance was N2
More stable over
CuCe0.25Zr0.75/TiO2 over high
Temp.
Chen et al (2016)
[14]
15 CeO2 added
V2O5/TiO2
Chemical Vapor
Condensation or
Impregnation method
NO = NH3 = 500 ppm, O2 = 5 vol%,
without SO2 and water vapor
>90% NOx conversion
maintain from 200
to 350 0C
Cha et al (2016)
[15]
16 MnxCo3 − xO4 Nanocasting method 200 mg catalyst with 500 ppm NO,
500 ppm NH3, 5%O2, balanced N2
99 % conversation in the
range of 100 to 300 0C
Qiu et al (2015)
[16]
17 Iron–Cerium–
Titanium mixed
oxide
Co-precipitation
method
[NO] = [NH3] = 0.1%, [O2] = 3.0 %
and 3000 mL/min
Fe0.65Ce0.05Ti0.30Oz catalyst
gave >86% conversation in
the temp. range 150 – 300 0C
Zhi-bo et al
(2016) [17]
18 Co and Ce Doped
Mn/TiO2
Wet Impregnation
Method
0.15 g sample, 320 ppm NO, 320
ppm NH3, 5 vol.% O2,
Mn–Co–Ce/TiO2 exhibited
the highest catalytic
activity of 99 % at 573 K
Qiu et al (2015)
[18]

18. H2-Hydrocarbon and Hydrocarbon
Sr.
No
Catalyst Preparation Method Exp. Conditions Catalyst Activity
% and Temp.
Author Year
1 Ag supported γ-
Al2O3
wet−
impregnation method
200 mg catalyst 400 ppm NO,
1600 ppm CH4, 700 ppm CO,
6.5% O2, 10% H2O, and balanced
with He
23 % in the range 600-650 0C Azizi et al
(2016) [19]
2 1%wt Ru–10%wt
AM/MO (AM = Ba
or K; MO =
Ce0.8Zr0.2O2, ZrO2,
Al2O3),
incipient wetness
impregnation
60 mg of catalyst NO (1000 ppm)
+ 3% v/v O2 in flowing He (lean
phase) with steps of H2 (4000
ppm) in He
N2 selectivity (74%, 83% and
67% for Ru–K/Al,Ru–K/Zr
and Ru–K/CZ, respectively
in the presence of soot vs.
32%,71% and 41% in the
absence of soot) K-
containing catalysts 200- 230
0C
Matarrese et al
(2016) [20]
3. Pt Catalyst over
SiO2 and Al2O3
Aerosol Method 236 ppm NO, 440 ppm C3H6, and
5% O2 in He
Pt/SiO2 and Pt/Al2O3
catalysts are 29.8% and
55.8%, at 250°C.
Zahaf et al
(2015) [21]
4. Fe/zeolite catalysts wet
impregnation method
470 ppm NO, 5% O2 and N2 as the
balance gas; total flow rate: 370
mL min-1,
Fe/MOR > Fe/FER _
Fe/ZSM-5 > Fe/Beta at low
temperatures between 200 0C
and 300 0C.
Pan et al (2015)
[22]

19. Sr.
No
Catalyst Preparation Method Exp. Conditions Catalyst Activity
% and Temp.
Author Year
5. magnesia doped
Ag/Al2O3
impregnation method NO (1000 ppm), C3H6(2000
ppm), CO2(10%), O2(5%), 0 or
20 ppm SO2, 0 or 9% H2O and
balance helium
8% NO conversion with
100% selectivity for
N2was obtained at 350◦C
with 7% Mg doping
More et al
(2013) [23]
6. Au Pd
nanoparticles
Using reducing
agents and stabilizer
ligands,
720 ppm NO,620 ppm toluene
(4340 as C1), 4.3% O2, 7.2%
H2O, 1% Kr was used with Ar
as balance
60% Conversation in the
250-300 0C temp. range
Hamill et al
(2014) [24]
7. Pd–Au/TiO2 by H2 incipient wetness
impregnation
method
0.25% NO, 1% H2, and 5% O2
and helium as the balance gas
80% Conversation in the
175-250 0C temp. range
Duan et al
(2014) [25]

20. Experimental Section

21. Catalysts Preparation

22. Sr.
No
Catalyst
Nomenclature
Catalyst Preparation methods
Calcinations
Temp
1
Cat-A Mn/TiO2 Reactive Grinding 500 °C for 5 h
2
Cat-B Mn/SiO2 Reactive Grinding 500 °C for 5 h
3
Cat-C Mn/-Al2O3 Reactive Grinding 500 °C for 5 h
4
Cat-D V1W9Ti90 Wet impregnation 500°C for 5 h
5
Cat-E Co0.01V0.99W9Ti90 Wet impregnation 500°C for 5 h
6
Cat-F Ce0.01V0.99W9Ti90 Wet impregnation 500°C for 5 h
7
Cat-G NiCo2O4 Nano-casting method 500 °C for 5 h
8
Cat-H Cu/Al2O3 Co-Precipitation 500 °C for 5 h
9
Cat-I 0.1% Rh-Mn/TiO2 Reactive Grinding 500 °C for 5 h
10
Cat-J 0.1% Rh-NiCo2O4 Nano-casting method 500 °C for 5 h
11
Cat-K 0.1% Rh- Cu/Al2O3 Co-Precipitation 500 °C for 5 h
Table 1: Nomenclature of prepared catalysts

23. MnO2 Powder,
TiO2 (Cat-A)
/SiO2 (Cat-B)
/-Al2O3 (Cat-C)
Planetary ball mill Ball Ratio 1:5, 240
rpm for 24h
Calcined in situ in a tubular reactor at
500°C for 5 h in Stagnant Air (SA) and
Flowing air (FA)
Cat-A, Cat-B, Cat-C
Catalyst
Reactive Grinding Method
*Cat-A(Mn/TiO2), Cat-B (Mn/SiO2), Cat-C (Mn/-Al2O3 )
Figure 2: Reactive Grinding machine

24. 3.406g of sodium tungstate
(Na2WO4.2H2O) conc. HCl
was added to form white
precipitate. It is then washed
4-5 times with distilled water.
Light yellow precipitate was
obtained,
25.21g oxalic acid added to 200 ml water stirred and
mixed. 0.2571g of ammonium metavanadate
(NH4VO3)
0.8g of prepared WO3 was added to the solution and
stirred for 30 min
then add Subsequently TiO2 powder
and stirred for 7 h
heated to 110 °C for 12 h followed by
calcinations at 500°C for 5 h in air
Cat- D, Cat-E,
Cat-F catalyst
Wet impregnation method
*Cat-D(V1W9Ti90 ), Cat-E(Co0.01V0.99W9Ti90), Cat-F (Ce0.01V0.99W9Ti90)

25. 1 g KIT-6 dissolved in 70 ml n-
Hexane
1 ml aq.sol of 2.3 mmol
Ni(NO3)2·4H2O and 4.6 mmol
Co(NO3)2·4H2O
Vigorous stirring (over night), filtered and
dried at °C, followed by calcined in a muffle
furnace at 500 °C for 5 h
Washing with hot 2 M NaOH aqueous solution , then
centrifuged and dried at 80 °C
Cat- G catalyst
Nano-casting Method
*Cat-G (NiCo2O4)

26. 12.0 ml of 69% nitric acid + 3.75 g citric acid anhydrous + 15.30 g(15 mmol) of
alumininum iso-propoxide + 15 mol% of copper nitrate trihydrate
(Stirr to homogeneous solution)
8.325 ml PEG 300 dissolved in 150 ml ethanol
Vigorous stirring for 10 h
Filterd and dired at 60 °C
Final solution was dired in overnight at 110 °C
Calcination at static air at 500 °C for 5h
Mesoporous Cat-H
Co-Precipitation Method
*Cat-H (Cu/Al2O3)

27. Experimental Set-Up

28. Figure 3. Schematic diagram of experimental setup
(1. NO Cylinder; 2. Ar Cylinder; 3. O2 Cylinder; 4. LPG Cylinder; 5. NH3 Cylinder; 6. H2 Cylinder; 7. Flow meters; 8. Mercury safety device;
9.Moisture Trap; 10. Gas Sampler; 11. Preheater; 12. Thermowell; 13. Reactor; 14. Catalyst bed; 15. Quartz wool; 16. Split Open Furnace; 17.
Microprocessor controller; 18. Condensor, 19. Sample collector, 20.Nox analyzer 21. Gas Chromatography; 22. Computer Analysis)

29. Figure 4: (a) Quartz tubular reactor (b) NOx gas analyzer (c) Gas Chromatograph
(a)
(b)
(c)

30. Reaction with NH3 as reductant
4NO + 4NH3 + O2  4N2 + 6H2O (Standard)
4NH3 + 2NO + 2NO2 → 4N2 + 6H2O (fast)
Reaction with Hydrogen assisted LPG (~72% C3H8) as reductant
2NO + C3H8 + 5.5O2 + H2 N2 + 3CO2 + 5H2O
Reaction with LPG as reductant
2NO + C3H8 + 5O2  N2 + 3CO2 + 4H2O
NO Decomposition
2NO  N2 + O2
SCR Reaction

31. Conversion of NOx ,CO2
Conversion of NOx
Conversion of LPG (~72% C3H8)

32. Result and Discussions

33. Conclusion

34. A number of catalysts are prepared and evaluated for NO reduction with various
reductants such as NH3/LPG/H2-LPG.
The order of NO reduction activity of the catalysts prepared by the reactive
gridding (RG) is given below:
Cat-A > Cat-B > Cat-C.
The SCE activity order of the Rh-doped catalysts is as follows:
Cat-I > Cat-J > Cat-K.
The SCR activity order of V-W-Ti catalyst is as follows:
Cat-E > Cat-F > Cat-D.
Co doped catalysts are accountable for maximum NO reduction over Cat-D
catalytic active site.
*Cat-A(Mn/TiO2), Cat-B (Mn/SiO2), Cat-C (Mn/-Al2O3), Cat-D(V1W9Ti90 ), Cat-E(Co0.01V0.99W9Ti90), Cat-F (Ce0.01V0.99W9Ti90), Cat-I
(0.1% Rh-Mn/TiO2), Cat-J (0.1% Rh-NiCo2O4), Cat-K (0.1% Rh- Cu/Al2O3)

35. 99 % NO reduction is achieved over the Cat-A and Cat-I catalysts with H2
assisted LPG-SCR.
0.1mol% Rh doping into Cat-I is enhancing the activity of catalyst and showed
better activity with the H2-LPG as compare the NH3.
The orders of activity due to reductants are as follow:
H2-LPG > LPG >NH3.
Active SCR catalyst can be prepared by a one-step mechanical grinding using
green precursors, with the advantage that no aqueous waste is generated.

36. Reference

37. 1. Pappas, D.K., Boningari, T., Boolchand, P., & Smirniotis, P.G., 2016. Novel manganese oxide confined interweaved titania nanotubes
for the low-temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NOx by NH3. J of Catal. 334, 1-13.
2. Zhang, T., Li, J., Liu, J., Wang, D., Zhao, Z., Cheng, K., & Li, J., 2015. High activity and wide temperature window of Fe‐Cu‐SSZ‐13 in
the selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia. AIChE J. 61(11), 3825-3837.
3. Yan, Z.F., Li, Z., He, K., Zhao, J.S., Lou, X.R., Li, Z., & Huang, W., 2016. Hierarchical Fe-ZSM-5 with nano-single-unit-cell for
removal of nitrogen oxides. Energy Sources. 38(3), 315-321.
4. Jabłońska, M., Delahay, G., Kruczała, K., Błachowski, A., Tarach, K.A., Brylewska, K., & Góra-Marek, K., 2016. Standard and Fast
Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3 on Zeolites Fe-BEA. The J of Phy Che C. 120(30), 16831-16842.
5. Boroń, P., Chmielarz, L., Gurgul, J., Łątka, K., Gil, B., Marszałek, B., & Dzwigaj, S., 2015. Influence of iron state and acidity of
zeolites on the catalytic activity of FeHBEA, FeHZSM-5 and FeHMOR in SCR of NO with NH 3 and N 2 O decomposition. Micro and
Meso Mat. 203, 73-85.
6. Kowalczyk, A., Piwowarska, Z., Macina, D., Kuśtrowski, P., Rokicińska, A., Michalik, M., & Chmielarz, L. 2016. MCM-41 modified
with iron by template ion-exchange method as effective catalyst for DeNOx and NH3-SCO processes. Chem Eng J. 295, 167-180.
7. Song, Z., Ning, P., Zhang, Q., Li, H., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., & Huang, Z., 2016. Activity and hydrothermal stability of CeO2–ZrO2–WO3
for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3. J of Env Sci. 42, 168-177.
8. Foo, R., Vazhnova, T., Lukyanov, D.B., Millington, P., Collier, J., Rajaram, R., & Golunski, S., 2015. Formation of reactive Lewis acid
sites on Fe/WO3–ZrO2 catalysts for higher temperature SCR applications. Appl Catal B: Env. 162, 174-179.
9. Macina, D., Piwowarska, Z., Góra-Marek, K., Tarach, K., Rutkowska, M., Girman, V., & Chmielarz, L., 2016. SBA-15 loaded with iron
by various methods as catalyst for DeNOx process. Mat Res Bull. 78, 72-82.
10. Marchitti, F., Nova, I., & Tronconi, E., 2016. Experimental study of the interaction between soot combustion and NH3-SCR reactivity
over a Cu–Zeolite SDPF catalyst. Catal Today. 267, 110-118.
11. Peng, Y., Wang, C., & Li, J., 2014. Structure–activity relationship of VOx/CeO2 nanorod for NO removal with ammonia. Appl Catal B:
Env. 144, 538-546.
12. Michalow-Mauke, K.A., Lu, Y., Kowalski, K., Graule, T., Nachtegaal, M., Kröcher, O., & Ferri, D., 2015. Flame-Made WO3/CeO x-
TiO2 Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO x by NH3. Acs Catal. 5(10), 5657-5672.
13. Liu, Z., Zhu, J., Li, J., Ma, L., & Woo, S.I., 2014. Novel Mn–Ce–Ti Mixed-Oxide Catalyst for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx
with NH3. ACS Appl Mat & Inte. 6(16), 14500-14508.

38. 14. Chen, X., Sun, X., Gong, C., Lv, G., & Song, C., 2016. Study on the mechanism of NH3-selective catalytic reduction over CuCexZr1–
x/TiO2. Frontiers of Materials Science, 10(2), 211-223.
15. Cha, W., Ehrman, S.H., & Jurng, J., 2016. CeO2 added V2O5/TiO2 catalyst prepared by chemical vapor condensation (CVC) and
impregnation method for enhanced NH3-SCR of NOx at low temperature. J of Env Chem Eng. 4(1), 556-563.
16. Qiu, M., Zhan, S., Yu, H., & Zhu, D. (2015). Low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 over ordered mesoporous
MnxC3−xO4 catalyst. Catal Comm. 62(3), 107–111.
17. Xiong, Z.B., Wu, C., Hu, Q., Wang, Y.Z., Jin, J., Lu, C.M., & Guo, D.X., 2016. Promotional effect of microwave hydrothermal treatment
on the low-temperature NH3-SCR activity over iron-based catalyst. Chem Eng J. 286, 459-466.
18. Qiu, L., Meng, J., Pang, D., Zhang, C., & Ouyang, F., 2015. Reaction and characterization of Co and Ce doped Mn/TiO2 catalysts for
low-temperature SCR of NO with NH3. Catal Lett. 145(7), 1500-1509.
19. Azizi, Y., Kambolis, A., Boréave, A., Giroir-Fendler, A., Retailleau-Mevel, L., Guiot, B., & Vernoux, P., 2016. NOx abatement in the
exhaust of lean-burn natural gas engines over Ag-supported γ-Al2O3 catalysts. Surface Science, 646, 186-193.
20. Matarrese, R., Aneggi, E., Castoldi, L., Llorca, J., Trovarelli, A., & Lietti, L., 2016. Simultaneous removal of soot and NOx over K-and
Ba-doped ruthenium supported catalysts. Catal Today. 267, 119-129.
21. Zahaf, R., Jung, J.W., Coker, Z., Kim, S., Choi, T.Y., & Lee, D., 2015. Pt Catalyst over SiO2 and Al2O3 Supports Synthesized by Aerosol
Method for HC-SCR DeNOx Application. Aero and Air Qual Res. 15(6S), 2409-2421.
22. Pan, H., Guo, Y., & Bi, H.T., 2015. NOx adsorption and reduction with C3H6 over Fe/zeolite catalysts: Effect of catalyst support. Chem
Eng J. 280, 66-73.
23. More, P.M., Jagtap, N., Kulal, A.B., Dongare, M.K., & Umbarkar, S.B., 2014. Magnesia doped Ag/Al2O3–Sulfur tolerant catalyst for low
temperature HC-SCR of NOx. Appl Catal B: Env. 144, 408-415.
24. Hamill, C., Burch, R., Goguet, A., Rooney, D., Driss, H., Petrov, L., & Daous, M., 2014. Evaluation and mechanistic investigation of a
AuPd alloy catalyst for the hydrocarbon selective catalytic reduction (HC-SCR) of NOx. Appl Catal B: Env. 147, 864-870.
25. Duan, K., Liu, Z., Li, J., Yuan, L., Hu, H., & Ihl, S., 2014. Novel Pd–Au/TiO2 catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by H2.
Catl Comm. 57, 19–22.

39. Paper Published & Presented

40. Paper Published:
•Kavaiya A. R., Yadav, D., Singh P.,Prasad R., Promotional effects of Co and Ce on V-W-Ti catalyst for selective catalytic
reduction of NO, published in Asian Journal of Science and technology, 2017, 08, 4087-4092.
•Yadav, D., Kavaiya A. R., Prasad R., Low temperature SCR of NOx emissions by Mn doped Cu/ Al2O3 catalysts, in press in
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction and Catalysis, 2017.
•Kavaiya A. R., Yadav, D., Prasad R., Low temperature SCR of NO over MnO2/ TiO2 catalyst produced by reactive grinding,
paper accepted for Publication in Catalysis in Green Chemistry and Engineering, 2017.
Present in Conference:
•Kavaiya A. R., Yadav, D., Prasad R., Comparative study of transition metal M=Mn, Cu, Ni cobaltite for low temperature
NO reduction, Oral Presentation in Chemcon 2016, Dec. 27-30, 2016, IIT-Madars.
•Kavaiya A. R., S. Trivedi, Prasad R., Effect of Precipitatnts of NiCo2O4 catalyst for Oxidation of CO-CH4 mixture emitted
from CNG Vehicles, Poster Presentation in Chemcon 2016, Dec. 27-30, 2016, IIT-Madars.
•Kavaiya A. R., Yadav, D., Prasad R., Low temperature SCR of NO over MnO2/ TiO2 catalyst produced by reactive grinding,
Oral presentation in APCAT-7, Jan. 17-21, 2017, ICT Mumbai.

41. NOx
Thank
you

42. Appendix

43. Preparation method for KIT 6

44. LPG Constituents
LPG properties
Smelling agent: Ethyl Mercaptan
Compounded Mol %
Ethylene 4.6
Propane 70.17
Propylene 25.07
i-Butane 0.15
N-Butane 0.01

45. Catalyst
Preparation
method
Calcination Reaction condition
Best NOx
conversion
Refs
.
Mn/TiO2 Impregnation 250 ◦ C/4 h 0.04%NH3 , 0.04%NO, 2%O2 , 50,000 h−1 94% (175 ◦ C) [1]
Mn/TiO2 Impregnation 400 ◦ C/2h 0.1%NH3 , 0.1%NO, 5%O2 , 40,000 h−1 96% (240 ◦ C) [2]
Mn/TiO2 Sol-gel 500 ◦ C/6 h 0.1%NH3 , 0.1%NO, 3%O2 , 30,000 h−1
>90% (144–247 ◦
C)
[3]
Mn/CeTi
Co-
precipitation
550 ◦ C/5 h
0.05%NH3 , 0.05%NO, 5%O2 , 60,000 mL
g−1 h−1
>90% (175–300 ◦
C)
[4]
Fe–Mn/TiO2 Sol-gel 500 ◦ C/6 h 0.1%NH3 , 0.1%NO, 3%O2 , 30,000 h−1 90% (250–300 ◦ C) [5]
Literature Review Mn based catalyst

46. Catalyst
Preparation
method
Calcination Reaction condition
Best NOx
conversion
Refs.
Mn–Ce/TiO2 Sol-gel 500 ◦ C/6 h 0.1%NH3 , 0.1%NO, 3%O2 , 40,000 h−1 100% (120–220 ◦C) [6]
Mn–Fe/TiO2 Co-precipitation 400 ◦ C/2 h
0.1%NH3 , 0.1%NO, 4%O2 , 480,000 mL
g−1 h−1
96.75% (200 ◦ C) [7]
Mn–Ni/TiO2 Impregnation 400 ◦ C/2 h 0.04%NH3 , 0.04%NO, 2%O2 , 50,000 h−1 100% (200 ◦C) [8]
Mn/TiO2 -GE Impregnation 450 ◦ C/6 h 0.05%0.05%NH3 , NO, 7%O2 , 67,000 h−1 93% (180 ◦C) [9]
Ce–Mn/TiO2 -GE Impregnation 450 ◦ C/6 h 0.05%NH3 , 0.05%NO, 7%O2 , 67,000 h−1 99% (180 ◦C) [10]

47. 1. P.R. Ettireddy, N. Ettireddy, S. Mamedov, P. Boolchand, P.G. Smirniotis, Appl.Catal. B: Environ. 76 (2007) 123–
134.
2. L. Wang, B. Huang, Y. Su, G. Zhou, K. Wang, H. Luo, D. Ye, Chem. Eng. J. 192(2012) 232–241.
3. B.Q. Jiang, Y. Liu, Z.B. Wu, J. Hazard. Mater. 162 (2009) 1249–1254.
4. Y. Xiong, C. Tang, X. Yao, L. Zhang, L. Li, X. Wang, Y. Deng, F. Gao, L. Dong,Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 495 (2015)
206–216.
5. Z.B. Wu, B.Q. Jiang, Y. Liu, H.Q. Wang, R.B. Jin, Environ. Sci. Technol. 41(2007) 5812–5817.
6. Z.B. Wu, R.B. Jin, Y. Liu, H.Q. Wang, Catal. Commun. 9 (2008) 2217–2220.
7. S.S.R. Putluru, L. Schill, A.D. Jensen, B. Siret, F. Tabaries, R. Fehrmann, Appl.Catal. B: Environ. 165 (2015)
628–635.
8. B. Thirupathi, P.G. Smirniotis, J. Catal. 288 (2012) 74–83.
9. X.N. Lu, C.Y. Song, C. Chang, Y.X. Teng, Z.S. Tong, X.L. Tang, Ind. Eng. Chem.Res. 53 (2014) 11601–11610.
10. X.N. Lu, C.Y. Song, S.H. Jia, Z.S. Tong, X.L. Tang, Y.X. Teng, Chem. Eng. J. 260(2015) 776–784.
11. T. J. Clarkea, T. E. Daviesb, S. A. Kondrata, S. H. Taylora, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 165 (2015) 222–231.
References