2. DR. HARI SINGH GOUR
VISHWAVIDHYALYA
SAGAR, M.P. 470003
SUBMITTED TO-
MRS.SAPNA JAIN
CHAUDHARY MAM
MS. SARJANA RAIKAWAR
MAM
MRS.PRIYANKA JAIN MAM
SUBMITTED BY-
ARYA OJHA
B.PHARM 1 SEMESTER
DEPARTMENT OF
PHARMACEUTICAL
SCIENCES
ROLL NO- Y19150014
SESSION- 2019:2020
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
3. ACKNOWLEGEMENT
•I would like to thanks pharmaceutics
MRS.SAPNA JAIN CHAUDHARY MAM, MS.
SARJANA RAIKAWAR MAM and
MRS.PRIYANKA JAIN MAM who gave me this
opportunity to do this assignment.
•This assignment is based on the topic ‘structure
and function of brain’.
•I pay my heartiest gratitude to my guide and other
faculties who helped and supported me throughout
4. NERVOUS SYSTEM
The nervous system provides the
fastest means of communication
within the body so that suitable
responses can be made once.
9. HUMAN BRAIN
•The brain is one of the largest and
most complex organs in the human
body.
It is made up of more than 100 billion
nerves that communicate in trillions
of connections called synapses.
13. It controls and
coordinates all
essential functions of
the body including all
other body systems
allowing the body to
maintain homeostasis
or its delicate balance.
14. CEREBRUM
•Is the largest portion of the brain
encompasses about two-thirds of
the brain mass.
•It consists of two hemispheres
divided by a fissure – corpus
callosum.
•It includes the cerebral cortex, the
medullary body and basal ganglia.
15. Cerebral cortex is the
layer of the brain often
referred to as gray matter
because it has cell bodies
and synapses but no
myelin .
Medullary body – is the
white matter of the
cerebrum and consists of
myelinated axons .
Basal ganglia – masses of
gray matter in each
hemisphere which are
involved in the control of
voluntary muscle
movements .
16. In general, the left
hemisphere controls
speech,
comprehension,
arithmetic, and writing.
The right hemisphere
controls creativity,
spatial ability, artistic,
and musical skills. The
left hemisphere is
dominant in hand use
and language in about
92% of people.
18. •Frontal – motor area involved in
movement and in planning &
coordinating behavior
• Parietal – sensory processing,
attention, and language
• Temporal – auditory perception,
speech, and complex visual perceptions
• Occipital – visual center – plays a
role in processing visual information
20. Limbic system: is the center of our emotions,
learning, and memory. Included in this system are
the cingulate gyri, hypothalamus, amygdala
(emotional reactions) and hippocampus (memory).
22. It performs higher functions like:
• interpreting touch,
• vision and hearing,
•as well as speech,
•reasoning,
•emotions,
• learning,
•and fine control of movement.
23. CEREBELLUM
• It is located under
the cerebrum.
•Also know as “small
brain”.
•It is only 1/8th the size
of cerebrum.
26. three primary subdivisions . The posterolateral fissure separates
the flocculonodular lobe from the corpus cerebelli, and the primary fissure
separates the corpus cerebelli into a posterior lobe and an anterior lobe .
The cerebellum is also divided sagittally into three zones that run from
medial to lateral.The vermis (from the Latin word for worm) is located along
the midsagittal plane of the cerebellum. Directly lateral to the vermis is
the intermediate zone. Finally, the lateral hemispheres are located lateral
to the intermediate zone (
27. Cerebellar peduncles : Three fiber bundles carry the input and
output of the cerebellum.
The inferior cerebellar peduncle (also called the restiform
body) primarily contains afferent fibers from the medulla, as
well as efferents to the vestibular nuclei.
The middle cerebellar peduncle (also called the brachium
pontis) primarily contains afferents from the pontine nuclei.
The superior cerebellar peduncle (also called the brachium
conjunctivum) primarily contains efferent fibers from the
cerebellar nuclei, as well as some afferents from the
spinocerebellar tract.
28.
29. Functions of cerebellum
1)Maintenance of balance and posture.
2)Coordination of voluntary movements.
3)Motor learning.
4)Cognitive functions , such as language.
31. MID BRAIN
Also known as
“mesencephlon”.
Consists of two heavy fibers
called cerebral peduncles or
crura cerebri.
Two swellings are also there
known as superior and inferior
colliculi on each side of dorsal
surface.
32. Pons varoli
On ventral side of brain,
below cerebellum.
It is thick bundle of
fibers.
Carries impulse from
one hemisphere of
cerebellum to the other.
Helps in coordination.
33. HYPOTHALAMUS
It’s located at the base of
the brain, near
the pituitary gland.
Hypothalamus has three
main regions:
Anterior region
Middle region
Posterior region
34. Function of hypothalamus
releasing hormones
regulating body temperature
maintaining daily physiological cycles
controlling appetite
managing of sexual behavior
regulating emotional responses
35. Functions of brain stem
1)Controls basic body functions:
breathing,
swallowing,
heart rate,
blood
pressure,
consciousness,
and whether one is awake or sleepy.
36.
37. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.) JAIN D.K, SINGH V,”ISC BIOLOGY”,
PUBLISHED BYNAGEEN PRAKASHAN,
11TH EDITION, 2013, PG NO. 543-604.
2.)TORTORA G.J, DERRICKSON B,
“PRINCIPLES OF
ANATOMY$PHYSIOLOGY”,PUBLISH
ED BY JOHN WILEY$SONS,14TH
EDITION,PGNO.473-566.
38. BIBLIOGRAPHY
4.) GRANT A,WAUGH A, “ROSS AND
WILSON ANATOMY $ PHYSIOLOGY
IN HEALTH AND
ILLNESS”,PUBLISHED BY ELESVIER
Ltd., 12TH EDITION, 2014, PG NO.143-
188.
5.)https://www.medicinenet.com/script/mai
n/art.asp?articlekey=2517
6.)https://www.webmd.com/brain/picture-
of-the-brain
