2. Fluids are moved by pumps, fans, blowers, and compressors.
These use work to increase the mechanical energy of a fluid
which in turn increases the flow rate (Velocity), Pressure or
Elevetion of the fluid.
Basically transportation of fluid is achieved by using two types
of automated equipments namely pumps and valves.
Pump used in pharmaceutical
water treatments
Valve technologies in pharmaceutical
industry.
3. Pumps
• A device that moves fluids (liquids or gases) or
sometimes slurries by mechanical action.
• Pumps operate by some mechanism(typically
reciprocating or rotary) and consume energy to
perform mechanical work by moving the fluid.
Pumps operate via many energy sources including
manual operation, electricity, engienes or wind
power.
• It comes in variety of sizes ranging from microscopic
for use in medical application to large industrial
pumps.
4. Valves
• Valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of
fluid (gases, liquid, solids or slurries) by opening, closing or
partially obstructing various passageways.
Automated mechine Valves
Butterfly Valves
5. Functions Of Valves
• Controls the direction of fluid flow.
• Stopping or Starting fluid flow.
• Varying the amount of fluid flow.
• Regulating the pressure.
• Check the backflow.
Valves used for changing direction of flow
6. Basic Parts Of Valve
• Body
• Bonn
• Trim
• Actuator
• Packing
8. • A gate valve, also known as a sluice valve, is a valve which opens by lifting a round or
rectangular gate/wedge out of the path of the fluid. The distinct feature of a gate
valve is the sealing surfaces between the gate and seats are planar, so gate valves are
often used when a straight-line flow of fluid and minimum restriction is desired
Gate Valve
9. • Gate valves are characterised as having either a
rising or a non-rising stem. Rising stems provide a
visual indication of valve position because the stem
is attached to the gate such that the gate and stem
rise and lower together as the valve is operated.
• Non-rising stem valves may have a pointer
threaded onto the upper end of the stem to
indicate valve position, since the gate travels up or
down the stem on the threads without raising or
lowering the stem. Non-rising stems are used
underground or where vertical space is limited.
• Bonnets provide leak proof closure for the valve
body. Gate valves may have flanged ends which are
drilled according to pipeline compatible flange
dimensional standards. Gate valves are typically
constructed from cast iron, ductile iron, cast
carbon steel, gun metal, stainless steel, alloy steels,
and forged steels.
Construction
11. • When handle wheel will be rotated in clockwise
direction, steam and gate will move in downward
direction across the fluid flow line and gate will be
tightly located between the two seats. Hence there
will not be any leakage of fluid through the valve once
valve is closed completely.
• When handle wheel will be rotated in anti-clockwise
direction, steam and gate will move in upward
direction across the fluid flow line and valve will be
opened from closed position and will permit the flow
of fluid through the gate valve.
• Once gate valve is completely opened, it will permit
no resistance or very little resistance to the flow of
fluid.
Working Of Gate Valve
Working Mechanism Of Gate Valve
13. • Gate valves are available in large sizes.
• They have good shutoff characteristics.
• They are bidirectional.
• The pressure loss through the valve is minimal.
Advantages Of Gate Valve
Disadvantages Of Gate Valve
• It is prone to vibration in the partially open state.
• Gate valves are not quick opening or closing valves.
• Gate valves require large space for installation, operation.
• Repair or machining of valve seats in place is difficult.
