Smart Grid,AMI,Power theft solutions

1. SmartGrid
Arulkumar A
Assistant Professor/Mechatronics Engineering
Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology
Advanced Metering Infrastructure

2. Outline of the Presentation
1. Challenges faced by today’s Grid (In context of AMI).
2. Conceptual Model of SmartGrid.
3. Smart Meter & Smart Appliances.
4. Communications for AMI.
5. Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI).
6. Pudhucherry SmartGrid Case Study.
7. Cross Domain Technologies for SmartGrid.
8. Resources & Research Gap’s for SmartGrid.
9. Companies and job Opportunities.
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3. Thomas Edison & Graham Bell
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-Source: The Smart Grid: An Introduction, US DOE
Advancements in Electricity
Advancements in Telecommunications

4. Blackouts and Climate Change
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Electricity
40%
Transport
20%
Industries
20%
Agriculture
12%
Others
8%
Carbon EmissionBlackouts
 23 cores without power
 10 hours of no supply

5. Challenges Faced by Today’s grid (In
context of AMI).
A. Peak Demand
B. Power Theft
C. Less visibility in Grid
D. Aging Infrastructure
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6. Peak Demand
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Discoms
(TANGEDCO)
Markets
(POSCO)
EMS
(NLDC,RLDC,SLDC)
Generation Units
(APGENCO, TANGEDCO)
Next Day Demand
In blocks of 15
minutes
Generation
Schedule for
various plants
Generation & line
Schedule for
various plants
MW
t
Supply Vs Demand
Generation
Actual Demand
Projected Demand

7. Peak Demand-Peak Plants (DG)
Supply Vs Demand
Generation
Actual Demand
Projected
Demand
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Peak Plants generates
power to compensate the
sudden demand
Un-Scheduled Peak Demand
MW
t

8. Power Theft
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• Power Tapping
• Meter Tampering
• Billing Error

9. Power Theft
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India Losses around 10000 cores annually in power theft sufficient to fund
1,50,000 students a free degree

10. Less visibility in Grid
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No
Power
• In the world of internet, people wants to call to utilities to say there is no power
• Wireman finds difficult to identify the faulted Area.
Where is
the fault ?

11. Aging Infrastructure
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Aging
Transformer
• 40 years is the age of the transformer
• The Old it gets the more we need to maintain

12. Conceptual Model of SmartGrid
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-Source: NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 3.0

13. Traditional Power Flow Model
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Generation Transmission Distribution Consumer

14. Renewable Penetration in Today’s World
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Generation Transmission Distribution Consumer
Commercial and industrial
loads has the ability to
produce power from
renewables
Home’s also
equipped with
renewables
Generation is no
longer centralized,
it is distributed all
over the grid
Cochin Airport
Renewable Integration

15. New Power Flow Model
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Transmission Distribution Consumer
Generation
Generation at Distribution
and consumer end
- India’s vision to produce 20,000 MW of energy from solar by 2022
- 50 Cities will be equipped by solar power generation

16. MicroGrid
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Transmission Distribution Consumer
Bulk
Generation
MicroGrid
Power Required for a locality is
produced near the locality itself.
Reduced Transmission Losses
Distributed
Energy Resources

17. Information Flow-SmartGrid
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Information Flow is required across all domains to co-ordinate power flow
and effectively integrate renewables and operate the grid in smarter way
Power Flow
Information Flow
Transmission Distribution Consumer
Generation

18. Operations Domain of SmartGrid
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Power Flow
Information Flow
Monitoring, Control, Fault Management, Analysis, Reporting and Statistics,
Network Calculations, Records and Assets, Operation Planning, Maintenance
and Construction, Extension Planning.
Transmission Distribution Consumer
Generation
Operations

19. Markets Domain of SmartGrid
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Power Flow
Information Flow
Market Management, Retailing, DER Aggregation, Trading, Market
Operations, Ancillary Operations.
Transmission Distribution Consumer
Generation
Markets

20. Service Provider Domain of SmartGrid
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Power Flow
Information Flow
Customer Management, Installation & Maintenance, Building Management,
Home Management, Billing, Account Management
Transmission Distribution Consumer
Generation
Service
Provider

21. NIST Conceptual Model of SmartGrid
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Power Flow
Information Flow
Transmission Distribution Consumer
Generation
Markets Operations
Service
Provider

22. SmartGrid Plane
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-Source: Smart Grid Reference Architecture, EU SGCG

23. Role of AMI in SmartGrid
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FieldStation

24. Smart Meter
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ESI
Energy Service Interface- HAN network
interface component with NIC
NIC
Network Interface Component – to
exchange data to outside world
LoV
Detector
Loss Of Voltage Detector- to sense supply
failure
TOU
Register
Time of Use register- Billing will be based
on time of use of energy
I/O Unit
Connect Disconnect of circuit Breaker,
Transformer Temperature information
Power
Quality
Power Quality- Measures and stores
power quality data
Load
Profiles
Measures and stores various load profiles
events such as Maximum Demand
Remote
Support
Remote Firmware Upgrade and
configuration
Security
Detects and alerts Meter Tampering and
Power theft

25. Smart Meter – Gas &Water Meter
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Smart
Meter
Gas
Meter
Water
Meter
Utility Billing
Customer
Information
System
Helps to detect water leaks
and controls water crisis

26. Smart Meter – Network Interface Card
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Smart Meter
P
1
P
2
RS485/ RS232
Optical
HHU
DC
-HHU: Hand Held Unit, which helps to configure and read the meter locally.
-DC: Data Concentrators acts as data aggregators used to collect all meter data in a locality
-Network: Forms a communication channel for applications to access data
Distribution
Application Apps
a) Meter Data
Management System
b) Demand Response
Management System
c) Distribution
Management System
d) Outage Management
System
e) Customer Information
System
Network

27. Smart Appliances
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There will be behavioral shift which makes the most
out of renewable energy and Shut down during peak
demand reducing the stress in the grid and enabling
smarter and eco-friendly planet

28. Communications Basic’s:
In basic terms, “communications” can be separated into four parts:
• information modelling (the types of data to be exchanged – nouns),
• services modelling (the read, write, or other actions to take on the
data – verbs),
• communication protocols (mapping the noun and verb models to
actual bits and bytes),
• telecommunication media (fiber optics, radio systems, wireless
systems, and other physical equipment).
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29. How WhatsApp Communicate:
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Cellular
Network
Wi-Fi
Hotspot
ISP
Internet
WhatsApp
Servers
GSMGPRS
Mobile Operators re-route
the packets to ISP
WirelessWireless
Optical Fibers
Optical Fibers
Extensible Messaging
and Presence Protocol
(XMPP)

30. Service Request:
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Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)(WhatsAPP)
<Message
<from: ABC /from>
<to: XYZ /to>
<type: Chat /type>
<Status: Away /status>
<Body: Hi Devaraj, I am at Kalasalingam University /Body>
<thread:ef23a45bce8891410188ef: /thread>
/Message>

31. Information Model: COSEM(Logical Device)
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COSEM – Companion Specification for Energy Metering
 Object Oriented Approach
 A Device is seen as a various functionalities it does
Smart Meter
Management
Logical Device
Address: 1
Electricity
Logical Device
Address: 4
Gas
Logical Device
Address: 3
Water
Logical Device
Address: 2
Management Logical Device will contain the list of Other Logical Devices.

32. 4/8/2020 Advanced Metering Infrastructure 32
Information Model: COSEM(Logical Name)

33. Services Modelling -COSEM
Services are the ones that do some actions on
data
a. AssociationRequest
b. AssociationResponse
c. GetRequest
d. GetResponse
e. WriteRequest
f. WriteResponse
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34. Service Request: (Server- Client)
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COSEM Services (Request to read Active Power)
<GetRequest>
<GetRequestNormal>
<InvokeIdAndPriority Value="C1" />
<AttributeDescriptor>
<ClassId Value="0004" /> Logical Device Address
<InstanceId Value="0100010700FF" /> OBIS CODE for “Active Power LN”
</AttributeDescriptor>
</GetRequestNormal>
</GetRequest> COSEM Services (Response)
<GetResponse>
<GetResponsenormal>
<InvokeIdAndPriority Value="C1" />
<Result>
<Data>
<Float Value="000007D3" /> value: 14.24
</Data>
</Result>
</GetResponsenormal>
</GetResponse>

35. Telecommunication Media -GPRS
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Smart Meter OR
Data Concentrator
GPRS
MODEM
(SIM CARD
2G/3G)
GPRS
MODEM
(SIM CARD
2G/3G)
Distribution
Operations Apps
GPRS
PROVIDER
RS232/ RS485
RS232/
RS485
Smart Meter with Built-in GPRS Modem

36. Telecommunication Media - PLC
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Smart
Meter
Distribution
Operations Apps
Smart
Meter
Smart
Meter
Analog
Modem
Daisy Chain Analog
Modem

37. Telecommunication Media – RF Mesh
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Smart
Meter
Distribution
Operations Apps
Smart
Meter
Smart
Meter
Smart
Meter

38. Telecommunication Media – IoT
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Smart
Meter
Distribution
Operations Apps
Smart
Meter
Smart
Meter
Smart
Meter
Internet

39. Typical AMI Network
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AMI HEAD
END
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
Inter
net
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
Data
Concentrator
Data
Concentrator
Data
Concentrator
Internet
GPRS
Wired Optical Fiber

40. AMI Applications
• Bulk Meter Readings (AMR)
• Home Energy Management System
• Outage Notification
• Connect/ Disconnect
• Asset Management
• Remote Programming of Smart Meter
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41. Bulk Meter Readings (AMR)
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AMI HEAD
END
SMART
METER
Operations
Customer
AMI Network
MDMS CIS
WEB
PROTOL
LOAD
PROFILE
Billing
MD, Daily, Hourly usage
Online viewing
of bills and
payment
Planning

42. Home Energy Management System
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AMI HEAD
END
SMART
METER
Operations
Customer
AMI Network
CIS
DRMS
Demand Response Management System:
Sense the peak demand in the Grid and
sends signals to Smart meter to reduce
Consumption
E
S
I
Washing
Machine
Lighting AC
Dyer
Fridge
HAN
Smart Appliances
HEM
N
I
C
Check’s whether Customer is registered
for RTP (Real Time Pricing) and bills as per
their time of use Consumption, thus
earning rewards for participation in RTP

43. Outage Notification
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AMI HEAD
END
SMART
METER
Operations
Customer
AMI Network
Trouble
Ticket
System
OMS
Maintenance
Engineer
Service Provider
Loss of voltage Detector
and informs to Outage
Management System
Fault Identification and
Early Restoration

44. Connect Disconnect
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AMI HEAD
END
SMART
METER
Operations
AMI Network
CIS
DRMS
Disconnect the load in case of extreme
Demand Conditions
Disconnects the Services if bill is not paid
CB Cut offs Home’s Supply
Customer
44

45. Asset Management
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AMI HEAD
END
SMART
METER
Operations
AMI Network
Asset
Management
System
Monitors health of the system and alerts
the operators on abnormal situations
Transformer
Distribution
Maintenance
Engineer
Service Provider
45

46. Remote Programming
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AMI HEAD
END
SMART
METER
Operations
AMI Network
MDMS Does Remote Programming of the smart
Meter and Firmware upgrade
Customer
Remote Programming of TOU rates
METER
VENDOR
SOFTWARE
46

47. 4/8/2020 Advanced Metering Infrastructure 47
-Source: Future distribution grid using Elster’s EnergyAxis System for AMI

48. SmartGrid Pilot Project- Puducherry
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-Source: PGCIL

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-Source: PGCIL

52. 4/8/2020 Advanced Metering Infrastructure 52
-Source: PGCIL

53. 4/8/2020 Advanced Metering Infrastructure 53
-Source: PGCIL
Outage Management System

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-Source: PGCIL

55. Cross Domain Technologies
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Cyber Security Big Data
Cloud
IoT
55

56. Resources & Research:
• www.nist.gov/smartgrid/
• www.smartgrids.eu
• http://smartgridstandardsmap.com/
• www.cencenelec.eu
• www.indiasmartgrid.org
• http://smartgrid.epri.com/Repository/Reposit
ory.aspx
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57. Companies & Jobs:

58. Thanks !
Questions?